Rhetorical Grammar : Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects

by Kolln, Martha J.; Gray, Loretta S.

Edition:

6th

ISBN13:

9780321397232

ISBN10:

0321397231

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/2010

Publisher(s):

Longman

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Summary

This detailed guide encourages writers to recognize and use the grammatical and stylistic choices available to them and to understand the rhetorical effects those choices can have on their readers. Helps to improve writing style. 1. The Structure of Sentences. 2. The Basic Sentences in Prose 3. Coordination 4. Cohesion 5. Sentence Rhythm. 6. The Writer's Voice. 7. Choosing Verbs. 8. Choosing Adverbials. 9. Choosing Adjectivals. 10. Choosing Stylistic Variations. 11. Word Classes. 12. Pronouns. 13. Punctuation: Its Purposes, Its Hierarchy, and Its Rhetorical Effects. Anyone interested in improving their writing style.

Preface

Acknowledgments

xiv

Introduction

(4)

PART I Understanding Basic Sentences

Chapter 1 The Structure of Sentences

(22)

Chapter Preview

(1)

The Two-Part Sentence

(4)

Questions and Commands

(1)

The Expanded Verb

(2)

Sentence Patterns

(7)

The Be Patterns

(1)

The Linking Verb Pattern

(1)

The Intransitive Verb Pattern

(1)

The Basic Transitive Verb Pattern

(1)

Transitive Patterns with Two Complements

(2)

Sentence Pattern Summary

(1)

The Optional Slot

(2)

The Passive Voice

(3)

"Clause" and "Sentence"

(2)

Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Punctuation Reminder

(1)

Chapter 2 The Basic Sentences in Prose

(10)

Chapter Preview

(1)

Topic Sentences

(4)

Paragraph Openers

(1)

Internal Topic Sentences

(3)

Special Effects

(2)

The Short Paragraph

(1)

A Sentence Survey

(2)

Key Terms

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

(1)

Chapter 3 Coordination

(26)

Chapter Preview

(1)

Coordination within the Sentence

(8)

And versus But

(1)

Coordination with Correlative Conjunctions

(2)

Coordination of the Series

(2)

Subject—Verb Agreement

(2)

Compound Sentences

(9)

Connecting Sentence Patterns

(4)

Conjunctive Adverbs

(2)

Compound Sentences with Semicolons

(1)

Compound Sentences with Colons

(2)

The Compound Sentence: Punctuation Review

(3)

Parallel Structure

(3)

Key Terms

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

(1)

Punctuation Reminders

(1)

PART II Connecting with the Reader

Chapter 4 Cohesion

(26)

Chapter Preview

(1)

Reader Expectation

(3)

Repetition

(1)

The Known—New Contract

(12)

The Role of Pronouns

(5)

Personal Pronouns

(2)

Demonstrative Pronouns

(3)

The Role of the Passive Voice

(1)

Other Sentence Inversions

(2)

Metadiscourse

(1)

Parallelism

(3)

Repetition versus Redundancy

(1)

Levels of Generality

(4)

Key Terms

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

(1)

Punctuation Reminder

(1)

Chapter 5 Sentence Rhythm

(18)

Chapter Preview

(1)

Intonation: The Peaks and Valleys

(1)

End Focus

(3)

Controlling Rhythm

(6)

The It-Cleft

(1)

The What-Cleft

(1)

The There-Transformation

(3)

Rhythm and the Comma

(2)

Power Words

101

(4)

Correlative Conjunctions

102

(1)

Adverbials of Emphasis

103

(8)

The Common Only

104

(1)

Key Terms

105

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

105

(1)

Punctuation Reminder

106

(1)

Chapter 6 The Writer's Voice

107

(22)

Chapter Preview

107

(1)

Tone

107

(4)

Diction

111

(8)

Contractions

114

(4)

Verbs and Formality

118

(1)

Metaphor

119

(1)

Metadiscourse

119

(5)

The Overuse of Metadiscourse

122

(2)

Point of View

124

(3)

Key Terms

127

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

128

(1)

Punctuation Reminders

128

(1)

PART III Making Choices

Chapter 7 Choosing Verbs

129

(20)

Chapter Review

129

(1)

Our Versatile Verbs

129

(13)

Using the Expanded Verbs

130

(4)

The Modal Auxiliaries

134

(1)

The Passive Voice

134

(17)

The Obscure Agent

139

(3)

The Abstract Subject

142

(2)

Showing, Not Telling

144

(3)

The Overuse of Be

147

(1)

Key Terms

148

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

148

(1)

Chapter 8 Choosing Adverbials

149

(23)

Chapter Preview

149

(1)

The Opening Adverbial

150

(1)

The Prepositional Phrase

151

(3)

The Proliferating Prepositional Phrase

152

(2)

The Subordinate Clause

154

(11)

Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses

157

(1)

The Movability of Subordinate Clauses

158

(1)

The Because-Clause Myth

159

(2)

The Elliptical Subordinate Clause

161

(14)

The Elliptical Clause of Comparison

162

(3)

Infinitive (Verb) Phrases

165

(1)

Movability and Closure

166

(2)

The Qualifiers

168

(2)

Key Terms

170

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

170

(1)

Punctuation Reminders

171

(1)

Chapter 9 Choosing Adjectivals

172

(38)

Chapter Preview

172

(1)

Determiners

173

(2)

Adjectives and Nouns

175

(4)

Modifier Noun Proliferation

177

(1)

The Movable Adjective Phrase

178

(1)

Prepositional Phrases

179

(1)

Participial Phrases

180

(5)

The Prenoun Participle

181

(1)

The Movable Participle

181

(2)

The Dangling Participle

183

(2)

Relative Clauses

185

(2)

The Relatives

186

(1)

Punctuation of Phrases and Clauses

187

(4)

The Broad-Reference Clause

191

(3)

Other Nominals

194

(4)

Verb Phrases

194

(3)

The Dangling Gerund

195

(1)

The Subject of the Gerund

196

(1)

Nominal Clauses

197

(1)

Appositives

198

(9)

The Introductory Appositive

200

(2)

The Colon with Appositives

202

(1)

Avoiding Punctuation Errors

203

(1)

The Sentence Appositive

204

(1)

The Resumptive Modifier

205

(2)

Punctuation Revisited

207

(2)

Key Terms

209

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

209

(1)

Punctuation Reminders

209

(1)

Chapter 10 Choosing Stylistic Variations

210

(23)

Chapter Preview

210

(1)

Absolute Phrases

211

(5)

The Coordinate Series

216

(1)

Repetition

217

(3)

Word-Order Variation

220

(3)

Ellipsis

223

(1)

Antithesis

224

(2)

The Deliberate Fragment

226

(5)

Key Terms

231

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

231

(1)

Punctuation Reminders

232

(1)

PART IV Your Way with Words

Chapter 11 Word Classes

233

(17)

Chapter Preview

233

(1)

Lexical Rules

234

(4)

Parts of Speech

238

(2)

The Form Classes

240

(8)

Nouns

240

(5)

Plural-Only Forms

241

(1)

Collective Nouns

242

(2)

Proper Nouns

244

(1)

Verbs

245

(1)

Adjectives

245

(1)

Adverbs

246

(1)

Derivational Affixes

247

(1)

Key Terms

248

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

249

(1)

Punctuation Reminder

249

(1)

Chapter 12 Pronouns

250

(20)

Chapter Preview

250

(1)

Personal Pronouns

251

(5)

The Missing Pronoun

251

(5)

We and Us as Determiners

256

(1)

Personal Pronoun Errors

256

(5)

Case

256

(3)

The Unwanted Apostrophe

259

(1)

The Ambiguous Antecedent

260

(1)

The Vague Antecedent

260

(1)

Reflexive Pronouns

261

(1)

Intensive Reflexive Pronouns

262

(1)

Reciprocal Pronouns

262

(1)

Demonstrative Pronouns

263

(1)

Indefinite Pronouns

264

(4)

The Everyone/Their Issue

265

(3)

Key Terms

268

(1)

Rhetorical Reminders

268

(1)

Punctuation Reminder

269

(1)

PART V Punctuation

Chapter 13 Punctuation: Its Purposes, Its Hierarchy, and Its Rhetorical Effects

270

(13)

Chapter Preview

270

(1)

The Purposes of Punctuation Marks

271

(3)

Syntax

271

(1)

Prosody

272

(1)

Semantics

273

(1)

The Hierarchy of Punctuation

274

(3)

The Rhetorical Effects of Punctuation

277

(4)

Key Terms

281

(2)

Glossary of Punctuation

283

(10)

Glossary of Terms

293

(11)

Bibliography

304

(2)

Answers to the Exercises

306

(10)

Index

316

Rhetorical Grammar : Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects

9780321397232

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Summary

Table of Contents