Science Experiences for the Early Childhood Years : An Integrated Affective Approach

by Harlan, Jean D; Rivkin, Mary S

• ISBN13: 9780130384997
• ISBN10: 0130384992
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

The new edition of this popular book again gathers all of the elements necessary to help prospective teachers learn to inspire children to care about their world and how it works, enjoy investigating it, and remember with pride what their investigations uncover. These authors clearly demonstrate that to be effective, science teaching must engage children not just physically, intellectually, and socially; but, emotionally, as well. They show how providing achievable goals and appropriate guidance sparks children's natural interest in what things do, how things work, and why things happen the way they do. The book's multi-model approach works with a variety of learning styles. It connects science activities with the rest of the early childhood curriculum--math, literature, music, art, etc.--and places science in the context of today's children's lives within the family and the community. Increased coverage of neuroscience expands discussion of the complex interactions between emotions, memory, and thought processes.

Table of Contents

PART ONE The Rationale	1	(53)
An Integrated Approach to Science Learning	3	(14)
The Ingredients of Learning	3	(5)
Curiosity	4	(1)
Emotions	4	(2)
Feelings and Learning	6	(1)
Positive Feelings and Learning
Negative Feelings and Learning	6	(2)
Self-efficacy and Learning	8	(1)
Multiple Learning Pathways	8	(2)
Two Ways of Thinking	9	(1)
Multiple Intelligences Theory	10	(1)
An Integrated Learning Framework	10	(4)
Promoting Concept Connections	14	(1)
References	15	(2)
Science Participants: Children, Teachers, Families, and Communities	17	(12)
Young Children as Thinkers	17	(2)
Cognition Theories	18	(1)
Young Children as Persons	19	(2)
Sense of Initiative	19	(2)
Sense of Industry	21	(1)
Respecting Personal Development Traits	21	(1)
The Teachers	21	(4)
Who Can Teach Science?	21	(1)
Attitude Contagion	21	(1)
Authentic Interest	22	(1)
Teaching Roles	22	(3)
The Families	25	(1)
Communities	26	(1)
References	27	(2)
Guiding Science Learning in the Early Years	29	(24)
Guided Science	29	(2)
Reasons for Guided Discovery Science	30	(1)
Guiding Learners	31	(20)
Teaching Styles	31	(1)
Organizing Approaches	32	(1)
Preparation for Teaching Science to Young Children	33	(1)
Indirect and Direct Teaching	34	(1)
Learning to Question	35	(1)
Leading Discussions	36	(1)
Organizing Time and Space for Science	37	(1)
Introducing Science Activities	38	(1)
Guiding Explorations	39	(1)
Supporting Interest in Knowing	39	(2)
Dispelling Stereotypes	41	(2)
Adapting Experiences for Younger Children	43	(1)
Adapting Experiences for Children with Special Needs	43	(1)
Learning in the Context of Cooperation	44	(1)
Integrated Curriculum Themes	45	(3)
Objectives and Assessment	48	(2)
Gaining from Our Mistakes	50	(1)
Professional Growth	50	(1)
References	51	(2)
PART TWO Concepts, Experiences, and Integrating Activities	53	(274)
Plants	55	(26)
Concept: There are many kinds of plants; each has its own form	56	(2)
Concept: Most plants make seeds for new plants	58	(1)
Concept: Seeds grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers	59	(3)
Concept: Most plants need water, light, minerals, warmth, and air	62	(2)
Concept: Some plants grow from roots	64	(2)
Concept: Some plantlike forms do not have seeds or roots	66	(1)
Concept: Many foods we eat are seeds	67	(1)
Integrating Activities	68	(8)
Math Experiences	68	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	69	(1)
Literature Links	70	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	72	(1)
Fingerplays	72	(1)
Art Activities	73	(1)
Play	74	(1)
Creative Movement	74	(1)
Creative Thinking	74	(1)
Food Experiences	75	(1)
Field Trips	75	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	76	(3)
Maintaining Concepts	76	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	77	(1)
Connecting Concepts	77	(1)
Family and Community Support	78	(1)
Resources	79	(2)
Animals	81	(30)
Concept: There are many kinds of animals	81	(6)
Capture Techniques	82	(1)
Temporary Housing	83	(1)
Insect Pests	84	(3)
Concept: Animals move in different ways	87	(3)
Care of Earthworms	88	(2)
Concept: Each animal needs its own kind of food	90	(1)
Concept: Many animals make shelters to rear their young	91	(1)
Concept: Humans and animals often live together	91	(2)
Animals in the Classroom	92	(1)
Integrating Activities	93	(14)
Math Experiences	93	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	94	(1)
Literature Links: Animal Characteristics	94	(1)
Literature Links: Insects, Spiders, and Earthworms	95	(3)
Literature Links: Fish, Mollusks, Amphibians, and Reptiles	98	(1)
Literature Links: Birds	99	(1)
Literature Links: Mammals	100	(1)
Literature Links: Habitats	101	(1)
Literature Links: Baby Animals, Hatching, and Pets	102	(1)
Literature Links: Animal Math	103	(1)
Literature Links: The Death of Pets	104	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	104	(1)
Fingerplays	104	(1)
Art Activities	105	(1)
Play	106	(1)
Creative Movement	106	(1)
Creative Thinking	106	(1)
Food Experiences	107	(1)
Field Trips	107	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	107	(4)
Maintaining Concepts	107	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	108	(1)
Connecting Concepts	108	(1)
Family and Community Support	109	(1)
Resources	109	(1)
Online Resources	110	(1)
The Human Body: Care and Nourishment	111	(32)
Concept: Each person is unique	112	(2)
Concept: We learn through our senses	114	(2)
Concept: Bones help support our bodies	116	(1)
Concept: Muscles keep us moving, living, and breathing	117	(3)
Concept: We help ourselves stay healthy and grow strong	120	(3)
Concept: Strong, growing bodies need nourishing food	123	(8)
Integrating Activities	131	(7)
Math Experiences	131	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	132	(1)
Literature Links: Individuality	132	(1)
Literature Links: The Body	133	(1)
Literature Links: Health Care	134	(1)
Literature Links: Nutrition	135	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	137	(1)
Fingerplays	137	(1)
Art Activities	137	(1)
Play	137	(1)
Creative Thinking	138	(1)
Creative Movement	138	(1)
Field Trips	138	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	138	(2)
Maintaining Concepts	138	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	139	(1)
Connecting Concepts	139	(1)
Family and Community Support	140	(1)
Resources	140	(3)
The Human Body	140	(1)
Nutrition	141	(1)
Additional Resources	141	(2)
Air	143	(20)
Concept: Air is almost everywhere	144	(1)
Concept: Air is real; it takes up space	145	(2)
Concept: Air presses on everything on all sides	147	(2)
Concept: Moving air pushes things	149	(3)
Concept: Fast-moving air keeps planes aloft	152	(1)
Concept: Air slows moving objects	153	(2)
Concept: Warm air rises	155	(1)
Integrating Activities	155	(5)
Math Experiences	155	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	155	(1)
Literature Links	156	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	157	(1)
Fingerplays	157	(1)
Art Activities	157	(1)
Play	158	(1)
Creative Movement	159	(1)
Creative Thinking	159	(1)
Food Experiences	159	(1)
Field Trips	160	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	160	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	160	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	160	(1)
Connecting Concepts	161	(1)
Family and Community Support	161	(1)
Resources	161	(2)
Water	163	(20)
Concept: Water has weight	163	(1)
Concept: Water's weight and upthrust help things float	164	(1)
Concept: Water goes into the air	165	(1)
Concept: Water can change forms reversibly	166	(3)
Concept: Water is a solvent for many materials	169	(1)
Concept: Water clings to itself	170	(2)
Concept: Water clings to other materials	172	(1)
Concept: Water moves into other materials	172	(1)
Integrating Activities	173	(6)
Math Experiences	173	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	174	(1)
Literature Links	174	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	176	(1)
Fingerplays	176	(1)
Art Activities	176	(1)
Play	176	(2)
Creative Movement	178	(1)
Creative Thinking	179	(1)
Food Experiences	179	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	179	(2)
Maintaining Concepts	179	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	180	(1)
Connecting Concepts	180	(1)
Family and Community Support	181	(1)
Resources	181	(2)
Weather	183	(20)
Concept: The sun warms the Earth	183	(1)
Concept: Changing air temperatures make the wind	184	(2)
Concept: Evaporation and condensation cause precipitation	186	(3)
Concept: Raindrops can break up sunlight	189	(1)
Concept: Weather can be measured	190	(2)
Concept: Lightning is static electricity	192	(2)
Concept: Charged electrons make sparks when they jump	194	(2)
Integrating Activities	196	(4)
Math Experiences	196	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	196	(1)
Literature Links	196	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	198	(1)
Art Activities	198	(1)
Creative Movement	199	(1)
Creative Thinking	199	(1)
Food Experiences	200	(1)
Field Trips	200	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	200	(2)
Maintaining Concepts	200	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	201	(1)
Connecting Concepts	201	(1)
Family and Community Support	201	(1)
Resources	202	(1)
Rocks and Minerals	203	(20)
Concept: There are many kinds of rocks	204	(1)
Rock Formation	205	(1)
Mineral Content	205	(1)
Three Types of Rock Formation	206	(1)
Concept: Rocks slowly change by wearing away	206	(2)
Concept: Crumbled rocks and dead plants make soil	208	(1)
Concept: Old plants and animals left prints in rocks	209	(1)
Concept: Minerals form crystals	209	(4)
Integrating Activities	213	(6)
Math Experiences	213	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	214	(1)
Literature Links	214	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	215	(1)
Art Activities	216	(1)
Play	217	(1)
Creative Movement	217	(1)
Creative Thinking	217	(1)
Food Experiences	218	(1)
Field Trips	218	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	219	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	219	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	219	(1)
Connecting Concepts	219	(1)
Family and Community Support	220	(1)
Resources	220	(1)
Additional Resources	221	(1)
Online Resources	221	(2)
Magnetism	223	(14)
Concept: Magnets attract some things, but not others	224	(1)
Concept: Magnets vary in strength	225	(1)
Concept: Magnets pull through some materials	226	(1)
Concept: One magnet can be used to make another magnet	227	(1)
Concept: Magnets are strongest at each end	227	(1)
Concept: Each end of a magnet acts differently	228	(1)
Integrating Activities	229	(5)
Math Experiences	229	(1)
Music	230	(1)
Literature Links	230	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	231	(1)
Storytelling With Magnets	231	(2)
Art Activities	233	(1)
Play	233	(1)
Creative Thinking	234	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	234	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	234	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	234	(1)
Connecting Concepts	234	(1)
Family and Community Support	235	(1)
Resources	235	(2)
The Effects of Gravity	237	(14)
Concept: Gravity pulls on everything	238	(6)
Integrating Activities	244	(5)
Math Experiences	244	(1)
Music	245	(1)
Literature Links	245	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	246	(1)
Art Activities	246	(1)
Play	246	(1)
Creative Movement	247	(1)
Creative Thinking	248	(1)
Food Experiences	248	(1)
Field Trips	248	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	249	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	249	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	249	(1)
Connecting Concepts	249	(1)
Family and Community Support	250	(1)
Resources	250	(1)
Simple Machines	251	(20)
Concept: Friction can heat, slow, and wear away objects	252	(2)
Concept: A lever helps lift objects	254	(3)
Concept: A ramp shares the work of lifting	257	(1)
Concept: A screw is a curved ramp	257	(2)
Concept: Simple machines help move things along	259	(1)
Concept: Some wheels turn alone; some turn together	260	(1)
Concept: Single wheels can turn other wheels	261	(1)
Concept: Single wheels can help us pull down to lift up	262	(1)
Integrating Activities	263	(6)
Math Experiences	263	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	263	(1)
Literature Links	263	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	265	(1)
Fingerplays	265	(1)
Art Activities	265	(1)
Play	266	(1)
Creative Movement	266	(1)
Creative Thinking	267	(1)
Food Experiences	268	(1)
Field Trips	268	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	269	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	269	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	269	(1)
Connecting Concepts	270	(1)
Family and Community Support	270	(1)
Resources	270	(1)
Teaching Resource	270	(1)
Sound	271	(16)
Concept: Sounds are made when something vibrates	272	(1)
Concept: Sound travels through many things	273	(2)
Concept: Different sizes of vibrating objects make different sounds	275	(4)
Integrating Activities	279	(5)
Math Experiences	279	(1)
Music	279	(1)
Literature Links	280	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	281	(1)
Fingerplays	281	(1)
Art Activities	282	(1)
Play	282	(1)
Listening Activities	282	(1)
Creative Movement	283	(1)
Creative Thinking	283	(1)
Food Experience	283	(1)
Field Trips	283	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	284	(2)
Maintaining Concepts	284	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	284	(1)
Connecting Concepts	284	(1)
Family and Community Support	284	(2)
Resources	286	(1)
Light	287	(16)
Concept: Nothing can be seen without light	287	(2)
Concept: Light appears to travel in a straight line	289	(1)
Concept: Shadows are made when light beams are blocked	290	(1)
Concept: Night is Earth's shadow	291	(1)
Concept: Everything we see reflects some light	292	(1)
Concept: Light contains many colors	293	(1)
Concept: Bending light beams make things look different	294	(2)
Integrating Activities	296	(4)
Math Experiences	296	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	296	(1)
Literature Links	297	(1)
Storytelling With Lights	298	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	298	(1)
Art Activities	299	(1)
Play	299	(1)
Creative Movement	300	(1)
Creative Thinking	300	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	300	(2)
Maintaining Concepts	300	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	301	(1)
Connecting Concepts	301	(1)
Family and Community Support	301	(1)
Resources	302	(1)
Teaching Resource	302	(1)
The Environment	303	(24)
Concept: There is an interconnectedness among things: plants, animals, air, water, weather, rocks, and ourselves	304	(3)
Concept: The environment is where we are. We can study it, as well as live in it	307	(3)
Concept: We can work together to sustain the environment by restoring, reusing, repairing, and recycling	310	(3)
Integrating Activities	313	(7)
Math Experiences	313	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	313	(1)
Literature Links	314	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	316	(1)
Art Activities	316	(1)
Play	317	(1)
Creative Thinking	317	(1)
Food Experiences	317	(1)
Field Trips	318	(2)
Promoting Concept Connections	320	(4)
Maintaining Concepts	320	(1)
Improving Schoolgrounds	320	(3)
Connecting Concepts	323	(1)
Family and Community Support	323	(1)
Resources	324	(3)
Additional Resources	325	(2)
APPENDIX A Resources for Music, Recordings, Poetry, Creative Movement, and Equipment Ordering	327	(4)
Music	327	(1)
Cassettes	327	(1)
Compact Disks	328	(1)
Music Books	328	(1)
Resources for Ordering Cassettes	328	(1)
Poetry	328	(3)
Creative Movement	329	(1)
Equipment Sources	329	(2)
APPENDIX B Exploring at Home Activities	331	(16)
Plants	331	(2)
Animals	333	(1)
Human Body	334	(1)
Air	335	(1)
Water	336	(1)
Weather	337	(1)
Rocks and Minerals	338	(1)
Magnetism	339	(1)
Gravity	340	(1)
Simple Machines	341	(1)
Sound	342	(1)
Light	343	(1)
The Environment	344	(1)
References for Families	345	(2)
Free Resource	345	(2)
APPENDIX C Relating Concepts to Established Benchmarks	347	(4)
APPENDIX D National Science Education Standards: Content Standards for Grades K-4	351	(2)
Index	353

Excerpts

We have revised this book with the goal of helping you inspire children to care about their world and how it works, to enjoy their investigations, and to proudly remember what they have figured out. It is that kind of emotional involvement which makes any significant learning possible. That crucial element, sadly, is missing from the national mandates decreeing what studentswilllearn. We believe that the role of emotion in learning must be recognized to revitalize education in this country. To reach our goal, we are bringing you the important work of Stanley Greenspan, M.D., defining the emotional origins of intellectual development. We have also added the broadened neuroscience understandings about the complex interactions between emotions, thought processes, and memory. We have recast the learning objectives for the science activities to reflect our convictions about the importance of connecting children's feelings with meaningful explorations for lasting learning. Other updates in this revision include new classroom experiences with insects, things that move in the air, simple machines, and crystal formation. We continue to value taking science outdoors and, to facilitate this we suggest new ways to improve the schoolgrounds. As usual, we have sorted through the outpouring of new publications to recommend books and other resources to enrich exploration of the topics covered. During the course of our revision process, we were privileged one afternoon to have tea with Stanley Greenspan, discussing how best to present his insights to you. We also asked his advice for teachers. His answer was clear and impressive. He said, "Engage emotionally with kids, and have a lot of respect for their individual differences." We believe that when you do so, you will find as much satisfaction and pleasure as we found in "doing" science with the children in our classrooms.