Science Experiences for the Early Childhood Years : An Integrated Approach

by Harlan, Jean D.; Rivkin, Mary S.

• ISBN13: 9780130999573
• ISBN10: 0130999571
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Updated to reflect the National Science Education Standards, this leading text, takes a hands-on approach to science learning by providing a solid theoretical foundation and many practical activities. A truly unique quality of the text is the science-concept-based units that offer teachers a way to integrate science knowledge and processes into the whole curriculum (including art, math, music, creative movement, creative thinking, community, and family relations).

Table of Contents

PART ONE The Rationale	1	(52)
1 An Integrated Approach to Science Learning	3	(14)
The Brain, Emotions, and Learning	3	(4)
Curiosity and Emotions	4	(1)
Emotions and Learning Interest	4	(3)
Problem-Solving, Competence, and Self-Efficacy	7	(1)
Learning: Multiple Pathways	7	(4)
Two Ways of Thinking	9	(1)
Multiple Intelligences Theory	10	(1)
An Integrated Learning Framework	11	(2)
Integrating Activities	11	(2)
Promoting Concept Connections	13	(2)
References	15	(2)
2 Science Participants: Children, Teachers, Families, and Communities	17	(12)
Young Children as Thinkers	17	(2)
Cognition Theories	18	(1)
Young Children as Persons	19	(2)
Sense of Initiative	19	(2)
Sense of Industry	21	(1)
Respecting Personal Development Traits	21	(1)
The Teachers	21	(3)
Who Can Teach Science?	21	(1)
Attitude Contagion	21	(1)
Authentic Interest	22	(1)
Teaching Roles	22	(2)
The Families	24	(2)
Communities	26	(1)
References	27	(2)
3 Guiding Discovery Science	29	(24)
Discovery Science	29	(2)
Guiding Learners	31	(1)
Teaching Styles	31	(1)
Organizing Approaches	31	(1)
Preparation for Teaching Science to Young Children	32
Indirect and Direct Teaching	38
Learning to Question	34	(1)
Leading Discussions	35	(2)
Organizing Time and Space for Science	37	(1)
Introducing Science Activities	38	(1)
Guiding Explorations	38	(1)
Supporting Interest in Knowing	39	(2)
Dispelling Stereotypes	41	(2)
Adapting Experiences for Younger Children	43	(1)
Adapting Experiences for Children with Special Needs	43	(1)
Learning in the Context of Cooperation	44	(2)
Integrated Curriculum Themes	46	(2)
Objectives and Assessment	48	(2)
Gaining From Our Mistakes	50	(1)
Professional Growth	50	(1)
References	51	(2)
PART TWO Concepts, Experiences, and Integrating Activities	53	(266)
4 Plants	55	(26)
Concept: There are many kinds of plants; each has its own form	56	(2)
Concept: Most plants make seeds for new plants	58	(1)
Concept: Seeds grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers	59	(4)
Concept: Most plants need water, light, minerals, warmth, and air	63	(2)
Concept: Some plants grow from roots	65	(2)
Concept: Some plantlike forms do not have seeds or roots	67	(1)
Concept: Many foods we eat are seeds	67	(2)
Integrating Activities	69	(8)
Math Experiences	69	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	70	(1)
Literature Links	70	(3)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	73	(1)
Fingerplays	73	(1)
Art Activities	74	(1)
Play	75	(1)
Creative Movement	75	(1)
Creative Thinking	76	(1)
Food Experiences	76	(1)
Field Trips	76	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	77
Maintaining Concepts	77	(1)
Connecting Concepts	78	(1)
Family and Community Support	79
Resources	74
5 Animals	81	(30)
Concept: There are many kinds of animals	81	(5)
Capture Techniques	82	(1)
Temporary Housing	83	(1)
Insect Pests	84	(2)
Concept: Animals move in different ways	86	(3)
Care of Earthworms	88	(1)
Concept: Each animal needs its own kind of food	89	(1)
Concept: Many animals make shelters to rear their young	90	(2)
Concept: Humans and animals often live together	92	(2)
Animals in the Classroom	92	(2)
Integrating Activities	94	(13)
Math Experiences	94	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	95	(1)
Literature Links: Animal Characteristics	95	(1)
Literature Links: Insects, Spiders, and Earthworms	96	(2)
Literature Links: Fish, Mollusks, Amphibians, and Reptiles	98	(2)
Literature Links: Birds	100	(1)
Literature Links: Mammals	100	(1)
Literature Links: Habitats	101	(1)
Literature Links: Baby Animals, Hatching, and Pets	102	(1)
Literature Links: The Death of Pets	103	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	103	(1)
Fingerplays	104	(1)
Art Activities	104	(1)
Play	105	(1)
Creative Movement	105	(1)
Creative Thinking	106	(1)
Food Experiences	106	(1)
Field Trips	106	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	107	(4)
Maintaining Concepts	107	(1)
Connecting Concepts	107	(1)
Family and Community Support	108	(1)
Resources	108	(1)
Videos	109	(2)
6 The Human Body: Care and Nourishment	111	(32)
Concept: Each person is unique	112	(2)
Concept: We learn through our senses	114	(2)
Concept: Bones help support our bodies	116	(2)
Concept: Muscles keep us moving, living, and breathing	118	(3)
Concept: We help ourselves stay healthy and grow strong	121	(3)
Concept: Strong, growing bodies need nourishing food	124	(7)
Integrating Activities	131	(8)
Math Experiences	131	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	132	(1)
Literature Links: Individuality	132	(1)
Literature Links: The Body	133	(1)
Literature Links: Health Care	134	(1)
Literature Links: Nutrition	135	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	136	(1)
Fingerplays	136	(1)
Art Activities	136	(1)
Play	137	(1)
Creative Thinking	137	(1)
Creative Movement	138	(1)
Field Trips	138	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	139	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	139	(1)
Connecting Concepts	139	(1)
Family and Community Support	140	(1)
Resources	140	(3)
The Human Body	140	(1)
Nutrition	141	(1)
Additional Resources	141	(2)
7 Air	143	(18)
Concept: Air is almost everywhere	143	(2)
Concept: Air is real; it takes up space	145	(3)
Concept: Air presses on everything on all sides	148	(2)
Concept Moving air pushes things	150	(1)
Concept: Air slows moving objects	151	(1)
Concept: Warm air rises	152	(1)
Integrating Activities	153	(6)
Math Experiences	153	(1)
Music	153	(1)
Literature Links	154	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	155	(1)
Fingerplays	156	(1)
Art Activities	156	(1)
Play	157	(1)
Creative Movement	158	(1)
Creative Thinking	158	(1)
Food Experiences	158	(1)
Field Trips	159	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	159	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	159	(1)
Connecting Concepts	159	(1)
Family and Community Support	160	(1)
Resources	160	(1)
8 Water	161	(20)
Concept: Water has weight	161	(1)
Concept: Water's weight and upthrust help things float	162	(1)
Concept: Water goes into the air	163	(1)
Concept: Water can change forms reversibly	164	(3)
Concept: Water is a solvent for many materials	167	(1)
Concept: Water clings to itself	168	(2)
Concept: Water clings to other materials	170	(1)
Concept: Water moves into other materials	171	(1)
Integrating Activities	172	(6)
Math Experiences	172	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	172	(1)
Literature Links	173	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	174	(1)
Fingerplays	174	(1)
Art Activities	175	(1)
Play	175	(2)
Creative Movement	177	(1)
Creative Thinking	177	(1)
Food Experiences	177	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	178	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	178	(1)
Connecting Concepts	178	(1)
Family and Community Support	179	(1)
Resources	179	(2)
9 Weather	181	(20)
Concept: The sun warms the Earth	181	(1)
Concept: Changing air temperatures make the wind	182	(2)
Concept: Evaporation and condensation cause precipitation	184	(3)
Concept: Raindrops can break up sunlight	187	(1)
Concept: Weather can be measured	188	(2)
Concept: Lightning is static electricity	190	(2)
Concept: Charged electrons make sparks when they jump	192	(1)
Integrating Activities	193	(5)
Math Experiences	193	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	194	(1)
Literature Links	194	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	196	(1)
Art Activities	196	(1)
Creative Movement	197	(1)
CreativeThinking	197	(1)
Food Experiences	198	(1)
Field Trips	198	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	198	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	198	(1)
ConnectingConcepts	199	(1)
Family and Community Support	199	(1)
Resources	199	(2)
10 Rocks and Minerals	201	(16)
Concept: There are many kinds of rocks	202	(1)
Rock Formation	203	(1)
Mineral Content	204	(1)
Three Types of Rock Formation	204	(1)
Concept: Rocks slowly change by wearing away	204	(2)
Concept: Crumbled rocks and dead plants make soil	206	(1)
Concept: Old plants and animals left prints in rocks	207	(1)
Concept: Minerals form crystals	207	(2)
Integrating Activities	209	(6)
Math Experiences	209	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	209	(1)
Literature Links	210	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	211	(1)
Art Activities	212	(1)
Play	212	(1)
Creative Movement	213	(1)
Creative Thinking	213	(1)
Food Experiences	214	(1)
Field Trips	214	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	215	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	215	(1)
Connecting Concepts	215	(1)
Family and Community Support	215	(1)
Resources	216	(1)
Additional Resources	216	(1)
11 Magnetism	217	(14)
Concept: Magnets attract some things, but not others	217	(2)
Concept: Magnets vary in strength	219	(1)
Concept: Magnets pull through some materials	220	(1)
Concept: One magnet can be used to make another magnet	221	(1)
Concept: Magnets are strongest at each end	221	(1)
Concept: Each end ofa magnet acts differently	222	(1)
Integrating Activities	223	(5)
Math Experiences	223	(1)
Music	224	(1)
Literature Links	224	(1)
Storytelling with Magnets	225	(1)
Art Activities	225	(1)
Play	226	(1)
Creative Thinking	227	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	228	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	228	(1)
Connecting Concepts	228	(1)
Family and Community Support	228	(1)
Resources	229	(2)
12 The Effects of Gravity	231	(14)
Concept:Gravity pulls on everything	232	(6)
Integrating Activities	238	(4)
Math Experiences	238	(1)
Music	238	(1)
Literature Links	239	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	240	(1)
Art Activities	240	(1)
Play	240	(1)
Creative Movement	241	(1)
Creative Thinking	242	(1)
Food Experiences	242	(1)
Field Trips	242	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	242	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	242	(1)
Connecting Concepts	242	(1)
Family and CommunitySupport	243	(1)
Resources	243	(2)
13 Simple Machines	245	(20)
Concept: Friction can heat, slow, and wear away objects	245	(3)
Concept: A lever helps lift objects	248	(1)
Concept: A ramp shares the work of lifting	249	(1)
Concept: A screw is a curved ramp	250	(1)
Concept: Simple machines help move things along	251	(1)
Concept: Some wheels turn alone; some turn together	252	(2)
Concept: Single wheels can turn other wheels	254	(1)
Concept: Single wheels can help us pull down to lift up	254	(2)
Integrating Activities	256	(6)
Math Experiences	256	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	256	(1)
Literature Links	257	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	258	(1)
Fingerplays	259	(1)
Art Activities	259	(1)
Play	259	(1)
Creative Movement	260	(1)
Creative Thinking	260	(1)
Food Experiences	261	(1)
Field Trips	261	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	262	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	262	(1)
Connecting Concepts	262	(1)
Family and Community Support	263	(1)
Resources	263	(2)
Teaching Resource	263	(2)
14 Sound	265	(16)
Concept: Sounds are made when something vibrates	266	(1)
Concept:Sound travels through many things	267	(2)
Concept: Different sizes of vibrating objects make different sounds	269	(4)
Integrating Activities	273	(5)
Math Experiences	273	(1)
Music	273	(1)
Literature Links	274	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	275	(1)
Fingerplays	275	(1)
Art Activities	276	(1)
Play	276	(1)
Listening Activities	276	(1)
Creative Movement	277	(1)
Creative Thinking	278	(1)
Food Experience	278	(1)
Field Trips	278	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	278	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	278	(1)
Connecting Concepts	279	(1)
Family and Community Support	279	(1)
Resources	279	(2)
15 Light	281	(16)
Concept: Nothing can be seen without light	281	(2)
Concept: Light appears to travel in a straight line	283	(1)
Concept: Shadows are made when light beams are blocked	284	(1)
Concept: Night is Earth's shadow	285	(1)
Concept: Everything we see reflects some light	286	(1)
Concept: Light contains many colors	287	(2)
Concept: Bending light beams make things look different	289	(1)
Integrating Activities	289	(6)
Math Experiences	289	(2)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	291	(1)
Literature Links	291	(1)
Storytelling with Lights	292	(1)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	293	(1)
Art Activities	293	(1)
Play	294	(1)
Creative Movement	294	(1)
Creative Thinking	294	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	295	(1)
Maintaining Concepts	295	(1)
Connecting Concepts	295	(1)
Family and Community Support	295	(1)
Resources	296	(1)
Teaching Resource	296	(1)
16 The Environment	297	(22)
Concept: There is an interconnectedness among things: plants, animals, air, water, weather, rocks, and ourselves	298	(2)
Concept: The environment is where we are. We can study it, as well as live in it	300	(3)
Concept: We can work together to sustain the environment by restoring, reusing, repairing, and recycling	303	(3)
Integrating Activities	306	(5)
Math Experiences	306	(1)
Music (Resources in Appendix A)	307	(1)
Literature Links	307	(2)
Poems (Resources in Appendix A)	309	(1)
Art Activities	309	(1)
Play	310	(1)
Creative Thinking	310	(1)
Food Experiences	310	(1)
Field Trips	311	(1)
Promoting Concept Connections	311	(5)
Maintaining Concepts	311	(1)
Connecting Concepts	312	(1)
Family and Community Support	312	(1)
Rehabilitating Schoolyards for Children's Learning and Play	313	(3)
Resources	316	(3)
Additional Resources	318	(1)
APPENDIX A Resources for Music, Recordings, Poetry, Creative Movement, and Equipment Ordering	319	(4)
Music	319	(1)
Cassettes	319	(1)
Compact Disks	320	(1)
Music Books	320	(3)
Resources for Ordering Cassettes	320	(1)
Poetry	320	(3)
Creative Movement	321	(1)
Equipment Sources	321	(2)
APPENDIX B Exploring at Home Activities	323	(16)
Plants	323	(2)
Animals	325	(1)
Human Body	326	(1)
Air	327	(1)
Water	328	(1)
Weather	329	(1)
Rocks and Minerals	330	(1)
Magnetism	331	(1)
Gravity	332	(1)
Simple Machines	333	(1)
Sound	334	(1)
Light	335	(1)
The Environment	336	(1)
References for Families	337	(2)
Free Resource	337	(2)
APPENDIX C Relating Concepts to Established Benchmarks	339	(4)
INDEX	343