Unmaking Race and Ethnicity A Reader

Race and ethnicity is a contentious topic that presents complex problems with no easy solutions. (Un)Making Race and Ethnicity: A Reader, edited by Michael O. Emerson, Jenifer L. Bratter, and Sergio Chávez, helps instructors and students connect with primary texts in ways that are informative and interesting, leading to engaging discussions and interactions. With more than thirty collective years of teaching experience and research in race and ethnicity, the editors have chosen selections that will encourage students to think about possible solutions to solving the problem of racial inequality in our society. Featuring global readings throughout, (Un)Making Race and Ethnicity covers both race and ethnicity, demonstrating how they are different and how they are related. It includes a section dedicated to unmaking racial and ethnic orders and explains challenging concepts, terms, and references to enhance student learning.

Michael O. Emerson is Provost and Professor of Sociology at North Park University and Senior Fellow at Rice University's Kinder Institute for Urban Research.

Jenifer L. Bratter is Associate Professor of Sociology and Director of the Program for the Study of Ethnicity, Race, and Culture at the Kinder Institute for Urban Research at Rice University.

Sergio Chávez is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Rice University. He is the author of Border Lives: Fronterizos, Transnational Migrants, and Commuters in Tijuana (OUP, 2016).

Preface

UNIT I. Core Concepts and Foundations

What Is Race? What Is Ethnicity? What Is the Difference?
Introduction, Irina Chukhray and Jenifer Bratter
1. Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture, Joane Nagel
2. The Racialization of Kurdish Identity in Turkey, Murat Ergin
3. Who Counts as "Them?": Racism and Virtue in the United States and France, Michèle Lamont
4. Mexican Immigrant Replenishment and the Continuing Significance of Ethnicity and Race, Tomás R. Jiménez

Why Race Matters
Introduction, Laura Essenburg and Jenifer Bratter
5. Excerpt from Racial Formation in the United States From the 1960s to the 1990s, Michael Omi and Howard Winant
6. Structural and Cultural Forces that Contribute to Racial Inequality, William Julius Wilson
7. From Traditional to Liberal Racism: Living Racism in the Everyday, Margaret M. Zamudio and Francisco Rios
8. Policing and Racialization of Rural Migrant Workers in Chinese Cities, Dong Han
9. Why Group Membership Matters: A Critical Typology, Suzy Killmister

What Is Racism? Does Talking about Race and Ethnicity Make Things Worse?
Introduction, Laura Essenburg and Jenifer Bratter
10. What Is Racial Domination?, Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer
11. Discursive Colorlines at Work: How Epithets and Stereotypes are Racially Unequal, David G. Embrick and Kasey Henricks
12. When Ideology Clashes with Reality: Racial Discrimination and Black Identity in Contemporary Cuba, Danielle P. Clealand
13. Raceblindness in Mexico: Implications for Teacher Education in the United States, Christina A. Sue

UNIT II. Roots: Making Race and Ethnicity

Origins of Race and Ethnicity
Introduction, Adriana Garcia and Michael Emerson
14. Antecedents of the Racial Worldview, Audrey Smedley and Brian Smedley
15. Building the Racist Foundation: Colonialism, Genocide, and Slavery, Joe R. Feagin
16. The Racialization of the Globe: An Interactive Interpretation, Frank Dikötter

Migrations
Introduction, Sandra Alvear
17. Excerpt from Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945, George J. Sánchez
18. Migration to Europe since 1945: Its History and Its Lessons, Randall Hansen
19. When Identities Become Modern: Japanese Emigration to Brazil and the Global Contextualization of Identity, Takeyuki (Gaku) Tsuda

Ideologies
Introduction, Junia Howell
20. Excerpt from Racism: A Short History, George M. Fredrickson
21. Understanding Latin American Beliefs about Racial Inequality, Edward Telles and Stanley Bailey
22. Buried Alive: The Concept of Race in Science, Troy Duster

Unit III. Today: Remaking Race and Ethnicity

Aren't We All Just Human? How Race and Ethnicity Help Us Answer the Question
Introduction, Adriana Garcia
23. Young Children Learning Racial and Ethnic Matters, Debra Van Ausdale and Joe R. Feagin
24. When White Is Just Alright: How Immigrants Redefine Achievement and Reconfigure the Ethnoracial Hierarchy, Tomás R. Jiménez and Adam L. Horowitz
25. From Bi-Racial to Tri-Racial: Towards a New System of Racial Stratification in the USA, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
26. Indigenism, Mestizaje, and National Identity in Mexico during the 1940s and the 1950s, Anne Doremus

The Company You Keep: How Ethnicity and Race Frame Social Relationships
Introduction, William Rothwell
27. Who We'll Live With: Neighborhood Racial Composition Preferences of Whites, Blacks and Latinos, Valerie A. Lewis, Michael O. Emerson, and Stephen L. Klineberg
28. The Costs of Diversity in Religious Organizations: An In-Depth Case Study, Brad Christerson and Michael O. Emerson

The Uneven Playing Field: How Race and Ethnicity Impact Life Chances
Introduction, Ellen Whitehead and Jenifer Bratter
29. Wealth in the Extended Family: An American Dilemma, Ngina S. Chiteji
30. The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing Discrimination, Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff Tester
31. Racial Segregation and the Black/White Achievement Gap, 1992 to 2009, Dennis J. Condron, Daniel Tope, Christina R. Steidl, and Kendralin J. Freeman
32. Differential Vulnerabilities: Environmental and Economic Inequality and Government Response to Unnatural Disasters, Robert D. Bullard
33. Racialized Mass Incarceration: Poverty, Prejudice, and Punishment, Lawrence D. Bobo and Victor Thompson

Unit IV. Unmaking Race and Ethnicity

Thinking Strategically
Introduction, Junia Howell and Michael Emerson
34. The Return of Assimilation? Changing Perspectives on Immigration and Its Sequels in France, Germany, and the United States, Rogers Brubaker
35. Toward a Truly Multiracial Democracy: Thinking and Acting Outside the White Frame, Joe R. Feagin
36. Destabilizing the American Racial Order, Jennifer Hochschild, Vesla Weaver, and Traci Burch

Altering Individuals and Relationships
Introduction, Horace Duffy and Jenifer Bratter
37. A More Perfect Union, Barack Obama
38. What Can Be Done?, Debra Van Ausdale and Joe R. Feagin
39. The Multiple Dimensions of Racial Mixture in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: From Whitening to Brazilian Negritude, Graziella Moraes da Silva and Elisa P. Reis

Altering Structures
Introduction, Kevin T. Smiley and Jenifer Bratter
40. The Case for Reparations, Ta-Nehisi Coates
41. "Undocumented and Citizen Students Unite": Building a Cross-Status Coalition Through Shared Ideology, Laura E. Enriquez
42. Racial Solutions for a New Society, Michael Emerson and George Yancey
43. DREAM Act College: UCLA Professors Create National Diversity University, Online School for Undocumented Immigrants, Alyssa Creamer

Glossary
Credits