Environmental Applications of Nanoscale and Microscale Reactive Metal Particles

Environmental Applications of Nanoscale and Microscale Reactive Metal Particles takes the reader from current laboratory studies in the function and use of these particles through scale-up and finally to the state-of-the-science in field-scale demonstrations and applications. The book focuses on a variety of environmentally problematic species from metals to halogenated organic compounds and how researchers are developing methods to degrade or sequester these species for the benefit of public health and to help ensure sustainability of precious natural resources. While nanoscale particles, especially iron particles, have been studied extensively for their potential to degrade a variety of organic compounds, microscale systems are of great importance in field application due to financial considerations and actual efficiency in the environment. In addition, other metals, including magnesium and zinc, have great potential for use in the environment in a cost-effective manner.

Dr. Geiger, Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Central Florida, has been active in environmental chemical research and teaching since 1994. The focus of her work is interdisciplinary in nature, incorporating chemistry, engineering and hydrology, in developing and implementing novel environmental remediation technologies. She has been involved in six field demonstration or full-scale implementation projects during her career, most notably, with the use of emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI). The use of nanoscale iron particles incorporated into a complex emulsion formulation (EZVI) was a pioneering development toward using nanoparticles in environmental applications.

Dr. Carvalho-Knighton, Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of South Florida St. Petersburg, has been active in environmental and chemical education research and teaching since 2001. The focus of her work includes water quality, phytoremediation of heavy metals by aquatic species, remediation of organic and chlorinated compounds, and chemical education. She has utilized microscale and nanoscale iron and magnesium for remediation of PCBs, PBDEs, and energetic compounds. Her chemical education research focuses on assessment of student achievement with technology incorporation in chemistry.

Overview
1. A Review of Environmental Applications of Nanoscale and Microscale Reactive Metal Particles,
Cherie L. Geiger, Kathleen Carvalho-Knighton, Simone Novaes-Card, Phillip Maloney and Robert DeVor

Laboratory and Mechanistic Studies
2. Use of Nanoparticles for Degradation of Water Contaminants in Oxidative and Reductive Reactions,
Ishai Dror, Tal Ben Moshe and Brian Berkowitz
3. Small Particle Size Magnesium in One-pot Grignard-Zerewitinoff-like Reactions Under Mechanochemical Conditions: On the Kinetics of Reductive Dechlorination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs),
Volker Birke, Christine Schütt and Wolfgang Karl Ludwig Ruck
4. Proposed Mechanisms for the Dechlorination of PCBs using Microscale Mg/Pd in Methanol,
Robert DeVor, Phillip Maloney, Christian A. Clausen, Seth Elsheimer, Kathleen Carvalho-Knighton and Cherie L. Geiger
5. PBDE Degradation with Zero-Valent Bimetallic Systems,
Kathleen Carvalho-Knighton, Lukasz Talalaj, and Robert DeVor
6. Rapid Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins by Nanosized and Bimetallic Zerovalent Iron: Effect of Palladization and Toxicity Change,
Yoon-Seok Chang
7. Degradation of TNT, RDX, and TATP using Microscale Mechanically Alloyed Bimetals,
Rebecca Fidler, Tamra Legron, Kathleen Carvalho-Knighton, Cherie L. Geiger, Michael E. Sigman and Christian A. Clausen
8. Arsenic Removal by Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron and how it is Affected by Natural Organic Matter,
Hosik Park, Sushil Raj Kanel and Heechul Choi
9. Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials for Environmental Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
Tonghua Zheng, Jingjing Zhan, Jibao He, Bhanukiran Sunkara, Yunfeng Lu, Gary L. McPherson, Gerhard Piringer , Vladimir Kolesnichenko and Vijay T. John

Field Simulation Studies
10. Treatability Study for a TCE Contaminated Area using Nanoscale- and Microscale-Zerovalent Iron Particles: Reactivity and Reactive Life Time,
Tanapon Phenrat, Daniel Schoenfelder, Mark Losi, June Yi, Steven A. Peck and Gregory V. Lowry
11. Electrokinetically Enhanced Removal and Degradation of Subsurface Pollutants Using Nanosized Pd/Fe Slurry,
Gordon C. C. Yang

Technology Demonstrations and Field Applications
12. Status of nZVI Technology Lessons Learned from North American and International Implementations,
Michael J. Borda, Ramesh Venkatakrishnan and Florin Gheorghiu
13. Iron Nanoparticles for In Situ Groundwater Remediation of Chlorinated Organic Solvents in Taiwan,
Yu-Ting Wei, Shian-Chee Wu, Chih-Ming Chou, De-Huang Huang and Hsing-Lung Lien
14. Practical Applications of Bimetallic Nanoiron Particles for Reductive Dehalogenation of Haloorganics: Prospects and Challenges,
Teik-Thye Lim and Bao-Wei Zhu
15. Use of Nanoscale Iron and Bimetallic Particles for Environmental Remediation: A Review of Field-scale Applications,
Jacqueline Quinn, Daniel Elliott, Suzanne O'Hara and Alexa Billow

Indexes
Author Index
Subject Index