Seismic Interferometry

by Gerard Thomas Schuster

• ISBN13: 9780521871242
• ISBN10: 0521871247
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-05-25
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Seismic interferometry is an exciting new field in geophysics utilising multiple scattering events to provide unprecedented views of the Earth's subsurface. This is the first book to describe the theory and practice of seismic interferometry with an emphasis on applications in exploration seismology. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, and the text is supplemented by online MATLAB codes that illustrate important ideas and allow readers to generate synthetic traces and invert these to determine the Earth's reflectivity structure. Later chapters reinforce these principles by deriving the rigorous mathematics of seismic interferometry. Incorporating examples that apply interferometric imaging to synthetic and field data, from applied geophysics and earthquake seismology, this book is a valuable reference for academic researchers and oil industry professionals. It can also be used to teach a one-semester course for advanced students in geophysics and petroleum engineering.

Author Biography

Gerard Thomas Schuster received his Ph.D. in Geophysics from Columbia University in 1984. He took up a faculty position at the University of Utah in 1985, where he is currently Professor of Geophysics and the Founder and Director of the Utah Tomography and Modelling/Migration (UTAM) consortium of oil, gas, and mining companies. He served as Chief Editor of the journal Geophysics from 2004 to 2005, and was a co-recipient of the 2008 Eoumlet;tvoumlet;s prize from the EAGE for the best paper in the journal Geophysical Prospecting. Professor Schuster has been invited to give short courses in seismic imaging and signal processing methods to major petroleum exploration companies throughout the world, and was the invited Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Distinguished Lecturer for 1998-1999.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Seismic interferometry	p. 1
Benefits and liabilities	p. 12
Historical development of seismic interferometry	p. 15
Organization of the book	p. 18
Exercises	p. 19
Appendix 1: Basics of exploration seismology	p. 23
Appendix 2: Fourier identities	p. 27
Appendix 3: Glossary	p. 28
Appendix 4: MATLAB codes	p. 29
Reciprocity equations of convolution and correlation types	p. 30
Green's functions	p. 31
Reciprocity equation of convolution type	p. 32
Reciprocity equation of correlation type	p. 36
Stationary phase integration	p. 40
Seismic migration	p. 44
Interferometric migration	p. 49
Summary	p. 49
Exercises	p. 50
Appendix 1: Causal and acausal Green's functions	p. 53
Appendix 2: Principal value contribution of dipoles	p. 54
Appendix 3: Sommerfeld radiation conditions	p. 56
Appendix 4: Adjoint operator	p. 57
Appendix 5: Forward and backward wave propagation	p. 58
Appendix 6: MATLAB codes	p. 60
VSP SWP correlation transform	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
VSP $$ SWP correlation transform	p. 62
Stationary phase analysis	p. 63
Benefits	p. 67
Liabilities	p. 70
Numerical implementation	p. 72
Numerical results	p. 75
Summary	p. 77
Exercises	p. 79
Appendix 1: MATLAB codes	p. 80
Appendix 2: Interferometric imaging = RTM	p. 80
Appendix 3: Source wavefield deconvolution	p. 82
Appendix 4: 3D reciprocity equation by quadrature	p. 83
VSP $$ SSP correlation transform	p. 86
VSP $$ SSP correlation transform	p. 86
Benefits and limitations of the VSP $$ SSP transform	p. 93
Truncation artifacts, VSP geometry, and model illumination	p. 95
Numerical examples	p. 98
Summary	p. 105
Exercises	p. 106
Appendix 1: Computer codes	p. 108
VSP $$ SSP convolution transform	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
VSP $$ SSP convolution transform	p. 110
Transforming VSP travel times into SSP travel times	p. 113
Numerical results	p. 114
Summary	p. 120
Exercises	p. 120
Appendix 1: MATLAB codes	p. 123
SSP $$ SSP correlation transform	p. 124
Transforming SSP multiples into SSP primaries	p. 125
Benefits	p. 128
Interferometric interpolation of seismic data	p. 131
Numerical examples	p. 132
Summary	p. 143
Exercises	p. 144
Appendix 1: Computer codes	p. 145
Appendix 2: Surface wave prediction by the SSP $$ SSP transform	p. 146
VSP $$ VSP correlation transform	p. 147
VSP $$ SSP $$ VSP correlation transform	p. 147
VSP $$ SWP $$ VSP correlation transform	p. 150
Interpolation and extrapolation of VSP and OBS data	p. 152
Numerical results	p. 156
Summary	p. 160
Exercises	p. 161
Appendix 1: Computer codes	p. 161
SSP $$ VSP $$ SWP transforms	p. 162
SSP $$ VSP correlation transform	p. 162
SSP $$ SWP correlation transform	p. 164
Natural Green's functions	p. 165
Numerical examples	p. 166
Summary	p. 174
Exercises	p. 176
Traveltime interferometry	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Theory	p. 178
Numerical results	p. 184
Summary	p. 187
Exercises	p. 187
Stochastic interferometry	p. 189
Theory	p. 190
Numerical examples	p. 194
Summary	p. 204
Exercises	p. 205
Appendix 1: Processing steps for drill-bit data	p. 208
Appendix 2: MATLAB codes	p. 210
Interferometric source estimation	p. 211
Source imaging condition	p. 211
Summation imaging condition	p. 215
Validation of super-resolution and super-stacking	p. 221
Summation imaging condition and correlated traces	p. 226
Summary	p. 227
Exercises	p. 228
Body wave earthquake interferometry	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Theory	p. 234
Numerical tests	p. 242
Summary	p. 248
Exercises	p. 248
References	p. 250
Index	p. 259
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.