What is included with this book?
Acknowledgements | p. x |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Matters of degree | p. 1 |
Moral terms | p. 2 |
The structure of moral theories | p. 4 |
Demandingness | p. 6 |
Gradability and the nuances of moral theories | p. 6 |
The structure of the book | p. 7 |
Act-Consequentialism | |
Act-Consequentialism and Goodness | p. 13 |
Act-consequentialism and good acts | p. 13 |
Permissibility derived from the goodness of acts | p. 14 |
Act-Consequentialism and the Threshold Account | p. 21 |
The threshold account | p. 21 |
Maximising, optimising, satisficing and scalar forms of act-consequentialism | p. 23 |
Impartiality and optimising consequentialism | p. 28 |
Consequentialism without impartiality | p. 30 |
The demandingness objection | p. 32 |
From Satisficing to Cost-Sensitive Consequentialism | p. 36 |
Satisficing consequentialism and costs | p. 36 |
Act-consequentialism is a theory about the goodness of acts | p. 45 |
Cost-sensitive consequentialism and Scheffler's hybrid theory | p. 47 |
Marginal utility consequentialism | p. 48 |
Objections to cost-sensitive consequentialism | p. 50 |
The Rejection of Act-Consequentialism | p. 59 |
Mulgan's argument against the satisficer | p. 59 |
The optimiser versus the satisficer | p. 64 |
An implausible account of the relative goodness of acts | p. 65 |
Summary | p. 66 |
Act-consequentialism | p. 66 |
Types of act-consequentialism | p. 67 |
A note about the next chapter | p. 69 |
Scalar Consequentialism: Morality without Requirements | |
Scalar Consequentialism and Incomparability | p. 73 |
Scalar consequentialism and punishment | p. 74 |
Norcross's arguments for scalar consequentialism | p. 74 |
Forced supererogation and punishment | p. 80 |
Scalar consequentialism as a guide to action | p. 83 |
Incomparability | p. 89 |
Restricted-scope scalar consequentialism | p. 92 |
Summary | p. 94 |
Deontology: Ross-Style Pluralism | |
Ross-Style Pluralism and Gradability | p. 99 |
Ross, deontology and gradability | p. 99 |
Ross's pro tanto duties | p. 100 |
Ross and the duty to promote the good | p. 102 |
Ross and the duty of self-improvement | p. 103 |
Pro tanto prerogatives | p. 106 |
Ross and gradability in other duties | p. 107 |
Ross's Terminology | p. 117 |
Ross's use of 'good', 'right' and 'fitting' | p. 117 |
Fittingness, moral fittingness, goodness and reasons | p. 122 |
Moral Pluralism and the Threshold Account | p. 128 |
Fittingness and the threshold account | p. 128 |
Ross and other moral pluralists | p. 131 |
Optimising, satisficing and scalar forms of moral pluralism | p. 131 |
Cost-sensitive moral pluralism | p. 132 |
Summary | p. 139 |
Summary of Part III | p. 139 |
Summary of Parts I, II and III | p. 140 |
Gradability in Other Moral Theories | |
The Structure of Other Moral Theories | p. 143 |
Absolutism | p. 143 |
Particularism | p. 146 |
Kant's second formulation of the categorical imperative | p. 148 |
Brad Hooker's rule-consequentialism | p. 149 |
Rawls's original position | p. 151 |
Scanlon's contractualism | p. 152 |
Natural law (and incommensurability) | p. 162 |
Summary | p. 174 |
Deontology: Non-Gradable Moral Monism | |
Alternatives to the Threshold Account | p. 177 |
Moral monism | p. 177 |
Incompleteness | p. 180 |
Adding moral goodness to moral monism | p. 181 |
The Independence Account and the Indirect Account | p. 194 |
Indirect act-consequentialism | p. 194 |
Is this really an independence account? | p. 197 |
The direct and the indirect account | p. 198 |
The rejection of non-gradable moral monism | p. 200 |
Summary | p. 202 |
Conclusion | p. 204 |
Appendices | p. 208 |
'Right' and 'wrong' | p. 208 |
The goodness of acts | p. 213 |
'pro tanto' and 'prima facie' | p. 216 |
A note about graphs (and commensurability) | p. 217 |
Notes | p. 220 |
Bibliography | p. 239 |
Index | p. 242 |
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