Shaping Space : The Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Design

by Zelanski, Paul; Fisher, Mary Pat

• ISBN13: 9780534613938
• ISBN10: 0534613934
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-15
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

As an introductory guide to three-dimensional design and sculpture, SHAPING SPACE offers an engaging, in-depth exploration of aesthetic and practical considerations of working three-dimensionally. By presenting both conventional artistic wisdom and new approaches that stretch and transcend the old definitions of what can and should happen in a work of art, SHAPING SPACE challenges students to encounter ideas that have never occurred to them and to become more aware of the limitless potential of shaping space. Now in full-color throughout, the text explores the latest changes and applications in the field including computer-aided and computer-made sculpture, craft techniques, multicultural art, art as social and political commentary, architecture and industrial design conceived sculpturally, public sculpture, sculpture parks, and performance art. To help introduce and broaden three-dimensional awareness and technical skill, suggested studio projects provide structured assignments that relate directly to textual materials.

Table of Contents

PART ONE: FUNDAMENTALS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN	1	(78)
Experiencing Three-Dimensionality	2	(32)
Photographs of Three-Dimensional Work	3	(8)
Set Point of View	4	(1)
Flattening Out	5	(2)
Scale	7	(1)
The Photographer's Interpretation	8	(1)
The Photograph as the Work of Art	9	(2)
Degrees of Three-Dimensionality	11	(6)
Frontal Works	13	(2)
The Full Round	15	(1)
Walk-Through Works	16	(1)
Involving the Viewer	17	(17)
Tactile / Visual Appeal	18	(1)
Engaging Curiosity	19	(1)
Representation	20	(1)
Abstraction and Stylization	21	(1)
Scale	22	(3)
Content	25	(3)
Personal Interaction	28	(4)
The Unexpected	32	(1)
Verbal Statements and Titles	32	(2)
Working in-the-Round	34	(28)
Gravity	34	(4)
The Setting	38	(5)
Size	43	(1)
Materials	44	(4)
Planning Three-Dimensional Work	48	(4)
Form Versus Function	52	(5)
Cost and Audience	57	(5)
Organizing Principles of Design	62	(17)
Repetition	64	(2)
Variety	66	(3)
Rhythm	69	(2)
Balance	71	(3)
Emphasis and Economy	74	(2)
Proportion	76	(3)
PART TWO: ELEMENTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN	79	(114)
Form	80	(14)
Exterior Versus Interior Forms	82	(2)
Primary and Secondary Contours	84	(2)
Positive and Negative Forms	86	(3)
Static and Dynamic Forms	89	(2)
Representational, Abstract, and Nonobjective Forms	91	(3)
Space	94	(18)
Delineated Forms in Space	94	(2)
Activated Surrounding Space	96	(4)
Confined Space	100	(3)
Spatial Relationships	103	(5)
Scale	108	(1)
Spatial Illusions	109	(3)
Line	112	(14)
Linear Works	112	(5)
Lines Within Forms	117	(1)
Implied and Directional Lines	118	(3)
Qualities of Lines	121	(5)
Texture	126	(11)
Natural Texture	127	(2)
Worked Texture	129	(5)
Visual Texture	134	(3)
Light	137	(16)
Value	137	(5)
Natural Lighting	142	(1)
Artificial Lighting	143	(3)
Reflected Light	146	(3)
Light as a Medium	149	(4)
Color	153	(22)
Color Vocabulary	154	(3)
Natural Color	157	(3)
Applied Color	160	(5)
Effects of Color: Physiological and Psychological	165	(4)
Color Combinations	169	(6)
Time and Movement	175	(18)
Illusion of Movement	175	(2)
Viewing Time	177	(3)
Controlled Time	180	(5)
Free Time	185	(5)
Timelessness	190	(3)
PART THREE: CONSTRUCTION METHODS	193	(58)
Found Objects	194	(11)
Individual Found Objects	194	(2)
Assemblages	196	(1)
Junk Sculpture	197	(4)
Installations	201	(4)
Addition and Manipulation	205	(23)
Manipulating Malleable Materials	205	(10)
Clay	206	(5)
Wax	211	(1)
Plaster and Cement	212	(1)
Malleable Metals	213	(2)
Fiber Arts	215	(3)
Glass	218	(1)
Fabrication With Rigid Materials	219	(5)
Wood Fabrication	219	(2)
Metal Fabrication	221	(2)
Plastic Fabrication	223	(1)
Stonemasonry	224	(1)
Mixed Media	224	(4)
Subtraction	228	(9)
Qualities of the Materials	228	(3)
Revealing the Form	231	(3)
Textures and Values	234	(3)
Casting	237	(14)
Solid Casts	238	(7)
Hollow Casts	245	(2)
Foundries and Editions	247	(2)
The Outsides and Insides of Casts	249	(2)
PART FOUR: STUDIO PROJECT	251	(12)
Chapter 1	252	(1)
From Three-Dimensionality to Two-Dimensionality	252	(1)
From Two-Dimensionality to Three-Dimensionality	252	(1)
Modular Low Relief	252	(1)
The Wrapped Object	252	(1)
Walk-Through Work	253	(1)
Chapter 2	253	(1)
Good and Bad Design	253	(1)
Form and Function	253	(1)
Working with the Setting	253	(1)
Defying Gravity	253	(1)
Working on a Large Scale	254	(1)
Chapter 3	254	(1)
Repetition	254	(1)
Variety	254	(1)
Visual Rhythm	254	(1)
Visual Balance	255	(1)
Emphasis	255	(1)
Chapter 4	255	(1)
From Flat Material to Volume	255	(1)
Curvilinear Form	255	(1)
Exterior and Interior Forms	255	(1)
Metamorphosis	255	(1)
Fill-a-Bag	256	(1)
Chapter 5	256	(1)
Negative Forms in Space	256	(1)
Activated Surrounding Space	256	(1)
Confined Space	256	(1)
Scale Change	256	(1)
Illusionary Space	256	(1)
Chapter 6	256	(1)
Wire Sculpture	256	(1)
Directional Line	257	(1)
Line and Form	257	(1)
Chapter 7	257	(1)
Texture Switch	257	(1)
Three Textures Together	257	(1)
Visual Textures	257	(1)
Soft Sculpture	257	(1)
Contradicting a Form	258	(1)
Chapter 8	258	(1)
Natural versus Artificial Lighting	258	(1)
Shadows	258	(1)
Light as a Medium	258	(1)
Chapter 9	258	(1)
Natural Colors	258	(1)
Applied Color	258	(1)
Psychological Effects of Color	259	(1)
Removal of Color	259	(1)
Color Combinations	259	(1)
Chapter 10	259	(1)
Growth or Decay	259	(1)
Kinetic Sculpture	259	(1)
Controlling the Viewer's Movements	259	(1)
Changes by the Viewer	260	(1)
Chapter 11	260	(1)
Ready-Made	260	(1)
Assemblage	260	(1)
Chapter 12	260	(1)
Clay or Wax Sculpture	260	(1)
Addition with Malleable Materials	260	(1)
Fabrication with Rigid Materials	260	(1)
Skin and Structure	260	(1)
Wood, Burlap, and Plaster Construction	261	(1)
Joinery	261	(1)
Chapter 13	261	(1)
Wood Carving	261	(1)
Plaster Carving	261	(1)
``Stone'' Carving	261	(1)
Chapter 14	261	(2)
Paper Casting	261	(1)
Plaster Casting in Clay	262	(1)
Cast Hands	262	(1)
Glossary	263	(6)
Index	269	(8)
Photographic Credits	277