Preface | p. xiv |
Letter to Students | p. xvii |
Jumping In | |
Writing About Literature: A Crash Course | p. 3 |
The Pleasures of Reading and of Writing about Literature | p. 3 |
The Writing Process | p. 5 |
A Checklist of Basic Matters | p. 9 |
The Writer as Reader: Reading and Responding | p. 10 |
Kate Chopin, Ripe Figs | p. 10 |
The Act of Reading | p. 11 |
Reading with a Pen in Hand | p. 13 |
Recording Your First Responses | p. 14 |
Audience and Purpose | p. 15 |
A Writing Assignment on Ripe Figs | p. 16 |
The Assignment | p. 16 |
A Sample Essay: Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin s Ripe Figs | p. 16 |
The Student s Analysis Analyzed | p. 18 |
Critical Thinking and the Study of Literature | p. 19 |
The Reader as Writer: Drafting and Writing | p. 21 |
Pre-writing: Getting Ideas | p. 21 |
Annotating a Text | p. 21 |
More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour | p. 22 |
Kate Chopin: The Story of an Hour | p. 22 |
Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing | p. 24 |
Focused Free Writing | p. 25 |
Listing | p. 26 |
Asking Questions | p. 27 |
Keeping a Journal | p. 28 |
Critical Thinking: Arguing with Yourself | p. 29 |
Arriving at a Thesis and Arguing It | p. 31 |
Writing a Draft | p. 33 |
A Sample Draft: Ironies in an Hour | p. 33 |
Revising a Draft | p. 35 |
A Checklist for Revising for Clarity | p. 36 |
Two Ways of Outlining a Draft | p. 37 |
A Checklist for Reviewing a Revised Draft | p. 38 |
Peer Review | p. 39 |
The Final Version | p. 41 |
Sample Essay: Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin s The Story of an Hour | p. 41 |
The Analysis Analyzed | p. 43 |
Quick Review | p. 44 |
From First Responses to Final Version: Writing an Essay about a Literary Work | p. 44 |
Two Forms of Criticism: Explication and Analysis | p. 45 |
Explication | p. 45 |
A Sample Explication: Langston Hughes s Harlem | p. 45 |
Working toward an Explication of Harlem | p. 46 |
Some Journal Entries | p. 48 |
The Final Draft: Langston Hughes s Harlem | p. 50 |
The Analysis Analyzed | p. 51 |
Checklist: Drafting an Explication | p. 52 |
Analysis: The Judgment of Solomon | p. 52 |
Thinking about Form | p. 54 |
Thinking about Character | p. 55 |
Thoughts about Other Possibilities | p. 55 |
Comparison: An Analytic Tool | p. 57 |
A Checklist: Revising a Comparison | p. 60 |
Finding a Topic | p. 60 |
Considering the Evidence | p. 61 |
Organizing the Material | p. 61 |
Communicating Judgments | p. 62 |
Review: How to Write an Effective Essay | p. 63 |
Pre-writing | p. 63 |
Drafting | p. 64 |
Revising | p. 65 |
Editing | p. 66 |
Editing Checklist: Questions to Ask Yourself When Editing | p. 67 |
Other Kinds of Writing About Literature | p. 69 |
A Summary | p. 69 |
A Paraphrase | p. 71 |
A Review | p. 72 |
A Review of a Dramatic Production | p. 73 |
A Sample Review: An Effective Macbeth | p. 74 |
Standing Back: Thinking Critically about Literature | p. 2 |
Literature, Form, and Meaning | p. 81 |
Literature and Form | p. 81 |
Literature and Meaning | p. 84 |
Arguing about Meaning | p. 84 |
Form and Meaning | p. 85 |
Robert Frost, The Span of Life | p. 85 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 88 |
What is Interpretation? | p. 90 |
Interpretation and Meaning | p. 90 |
Is the Author s Intention a Guide to Meaning? | p. 91 |
Characteristics of a Good Interpretation | p. 92 |
An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora s Immigrants | p. 93 |
Thinking Critically about Literature | p. 95 |
A Student Interpretation of Robert Frost s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening | p. 96 |
Sample Essay: Stopping by Woods and Going On | p. 97 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 100 |
What is Evaluation? | p. 101 |
Criticism and Evaluation | p. 101 |
Are There Critical Standards? | p. 102 |
Morality and Truth as Standards | p. 103 |
Other Ways to Think about Truth and Realism | p. 105 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 107 |
Writing About Literature: An Overview | p. 108 |
Th | |
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