Single-Case Designs for Educational Research

by Kennedy, Craig

• ISBN13: 9780205340231
• ISBN10: 0205340237
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-04
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This much anticipated new text offers the most up-to-date and in-depth treatment available of the single-case design process. ";...;it has short chapters, technical terms are defined and discussed flawlessly, the examples tend to be brief and illustrative, and the narrative is not cluttered with many references."; ";The framework used in the "Experimental Questions" chapter (i.e. demonstration, comparitive, parametric, and component) is incredibly effective in shaping the types of research questions that are asked. This chapter will be a contribution, and students will appreciate it."; ~Mark Wolery, Vanderbilt University ";The inclusion of information about the premise of experimentation and strategic issues are a unique feature of this text and will likely make it a preferred choice over other single case design texts currently available."; ~Leasha M. Reese, University of West Florida ";An absolute pleasure to read. This is a well-written and thoughtfully organized text that I would certainly consider adopting...; It covers all the basic information in an easy-to-read style with real-life examples from the classroom."; ~Teresa Taber Doughty, Purdue University

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART I Background	1	(26)
Conducting Experiments	2	(10)
What Is an Experiment?	2	(5)
Experimental Progress	7	(2)
Assumptions of Researchers	9	(2)
Conclusion	11	(1)
History of Single-Case Designs	12	(15)
Historical Antecedents to Single-Case Designs	15	(4)
Emergence of Behavior Analysis	19	(5)
Linking Educational Research and Behavior Analysis	24	(1)
Conclusion	25	(2)
PART II Strategic Issues	27	(50)
Functional Relations	28	(20)
Independent and Dependent Variables	28	(3)
Extraneous Variables	31	(4)
Baselines	35	(6)
Uncontrolled Baselines	38	(1)
Controlled Baselines	39	(2)
Demonstrating Functional Relations	41	(6)
Conclusion	47	(1)
Direct and Systematic Replication	48	(15)
Direct Replication	50	(3)
Systematic Replication	53	(7)
Intraexperiment Replication	54	(4)
Interexperiment Replication	58	(2)
Additional Participant Populations	60	(1)
Failures to Replicate	60	(2)
Conclusion	62	(1)
Experimental Questions	63	(14)
Demonstrative Analysis	65	(3)
Comparative Analysis	68	(2)
Parametric Analysis	70	(2)
Component Analysis	72	(3)
Conclusion	75	(2)
PART III Measurement	77	(46)
Quantifying Behavior	78	(16)
Benefits of Counting Behavior	79	(3)
Dimensional Quantities of Behavior	82	(9)
Frequency (Rate)	83	(2)
Duration	85	(1)
Latency	86	(1)
Interresponse Time	87	(3)
Celeration	90	(1)
Choosing Dimensional Quantities	91	(3)
Recording Systems	94	(18)
Developing and Using a Recording System	95	(15)
Observational Codes	95	(1)
Measurement Techniques	96	(10)
Recording Medium	106	(1)
Sampling Settings	106	(2)
Training Observers	108	(1)
Recording Independent Variables	109	(1)
Conclusion	110	(2)
Interobserver Agreement	112	(11)
Why Collect Interobserver Agreement?	112	(2)
Different Formulas for Calculating Interobserver Agreement	114	(5)
Total Agreement	115	(1)
Interval Agreement	116	(1)
Occurrence/Nonoccurrence Agreement	117	(1)
Additional Interobserver Agreement Approaches	118	(1)
Levels and Frequencies of Interobserver Agreement	119	(2)
Acceptable Interobserver Agreement Outcomes	119	(1)
Percentage of Observations	120	(1)
Interactions between Levels and Frequencies of Interobserver Agreement	120	(1)
Conclusion	121	(2)
PART IV Design Tactics	123	(66)
A-B-A-B Designs	124	(12)
A-B-A-B Designs	125	(4)
Reversibility of Behavior	128	(1)
B-A-B Designs	129	(3)
A-B-C and Associated Designs	132	(3)
Strengths and Limitations	135	(1)
Multielement Designs	136	(14)
Multielement Designs	136	(4)
Tactical Issues and Multielement Designs	140	(9)
Baseline versus Independent Variables	140	(2)
Interactions among Conditions	142	(5)
Alternating Treatments Design	147	(2)
Strengths and Limitations	149	(1)
Multiple Baseline Designs	150	(13)
Basic Multiple Baseline Designs	152	(3)
Multiple Baseline Design Variants	155	(6)
Multiprobe Multiple Baseline Designs	155	(2)
Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Designs	157	(4)
Strengths and Limitations	161	(2)
Repeated Acquisition Designs	163	(6)
Repeated Acquisition Designs	163	(3)
Methodological Issues	166	(1)
Task Comparability	166	(1)
Condition Sequence	167	(1)
Number of Conditions	167	(1)
Strengths and Limitations	167	(2)
Brief Experimental Designs	169	(9)
Brief Experimental Designs	169	(6)
A-B-A-B Variants	170	(2)
Multielement Variants	172	(3)
Strengths and Limitations	175	(3)
Combined Designs	178	(11)
Combined Designs	178	(10)
Strengths and Limitations	188	(1)
PART V Analyzing Data	189	(45)
Visual Data Analysis	191	(27)
Elements of a Graph	193	(3)
Visual Inspection of Graphs	196	(10)
Within-Phase Patterns	197	(6)
Between-Phase Patterns	203	(2)
An Example	205	(1)
Using Graphs to Analyze Data	206	(8)
Training People to Visually Analyze Data	214	(3)
Conclusion	217	(1)
Social Validity	218	(16)
Social Validity	219	(2)
Approaches to Social Validity	221	(10)
Subjective Evaluation	221	(5)
Normative Comparison	226	(2)
Sustainability	228	(3)
Trends in the Use of Social Validity	231	(2)
Conclusion	233	(1)
References	234	(11)
Index	245