In Situ Testing in Geomechanics: The Main Tests

by Schnaid; Fernando

• ISBN13: 9780415433853
• ISBN10: 0415433851
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-29
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Demanding a thorough knowledge of material behaviour and numerical modelling, site characterisation and in situ test interpretation are no longer just basic empirical recommendations.

Author Biography

Fernando Schnaid is Associated Professor of Civil Engineering at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xiii
List of symbols	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
General considerations	p. 1
Codes of practice	p. 5
Interpretation methods	p. 12
Class I	p. 12
Class II	p. 13
Class III	p. 13
Class IV	p. 13
Scope and purposes	p. 16
Standard penetration test (SPT)	p. 18
General considerations	p. 18
Standards and procedures	p. 19
Wave propagation analysis	p. 23
The wave equation	p. 24
The mechanics of dynamic penetration tests	p. 26
Dynamic penetration force	p. 30
Measurements and corrections	p. 34
Overburden pressure	p. 34
Energy measurements	p. 36
Strain rate effect	p. 37
Characterization and classification	p. 38
Soil properties in granular materials	p. 40
Shear Strength	p. 41
Soil Stiffness	p. 46
Soil properties in cohesive materials	p. 49
Shear strength	p. 49
Soil stiffness	p. 52
Soil properties in bonded soils	p. 55
Soil properties in weak rock	p. 57
Direct design methods	p. 59
Shallow foundations	p. 60
Bearing capacity of piles	p. 66
Soil liquefaction	p. 70
Concluding remarks	p. 73
Notes	p. 75
Piezocone penetration test (CPTU)	p. 76
Equipment and procedures	p. 77
New developments	p. 79
Seismic cone	p. 81
Cone pressuremeter	p. 85
Environmental cone	p. 87
Flow penetrometers	p. 88
Specifications and standards	p. 88
Test results	p. 91
Soil classification	p. 91
Interpretation methods	p. 94
Soil properties in cohesive materials	p. 94
Undrained shearing strength	p. 97
Stress history	p. 103
Stress state	p. 106
Stiffness	p. 109
Consolidation coefficients	p. 114
Granular soils	p. 119
Characterization of aging and cementation	p. 120
Shear strength	p. 124
State parameter	p. 128
Soil stiffness	p. 132
Properties in silty soils	p. 134
Properties in bonded geomaterials	p. 137
Soil stiffness	p. 138
Shear strength	p. 139
Pile bearing capacity	p. 140
LCPC method	p. 140
Eurocode 7-3 method	p. 141
DIN 4014 method	p. 143
Liquefaction	p. 144
Notes	p. 150
Vane test	p. 151
General considerations	p. 151
Equipment and procedures	p. 152
Interpretation	p. 157
Shear strength	p. 162
Rate effects	p. 164
Partial consolidation	p. 168
Anisotropy	p. 169
Corrections	p. 170
Stress history	p. 171
Notes	p. 174
Pressuremeter tests	p. 175
General considerations	p. 175
Types of instruments	p. 176
Pre-bored pressuremeter (PBP)	p. 177
Self-boring pressuremeter (SBP)	p. 177
Push-in pressuremeter (PIP)	p. 181
Calibration procedures	p. 182
Experimental results	p. 183
Analysis of pressuremeter tests	p. 185
Elastic soil	p. 188
Undrained analysis in elastic-plastic materials	p. 190
Drained analysis in elastic-plastic materials	p. 191
Pressuremeter tests in clay	p. 194
Shear modulus	p. 194
In situ total horizontal stress	p. 198
Undrained shear strength	p. 199
Coefficient of horizontal consolidation	p. 201
Pressuremeter tests in sand	p. 203
Shear modulus	p. 203
In situ total horizontal stress	p. 204
Drained shear strength parameters	p. 205
State parameter	p. 208
Cone pressuremeter tests in clay and sand	p. 209
Tests in clay	p. 211
Tests in sand	p. 212
Pressuremeter tests in cohesive-frictional soils	p. 217
Pressuremeter tests in unsaturated soil conditions	p. 222
Design rules	p. 227
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations	p. 228
Settlement of a shallow foundation	p. 231
Bearing capacity of vertically loaded piles	p. 233
Settlement of single piles	p. 238
Horizontally loaded piles	p. 238
Notes	p. 241
Flat dilatometer test (DMT)	p. 242
General considerations	p. 242
Equipment and procedures	p. 243
Intermediate DMT parameters	p. 249
Material index ID	p. 249
Horizontal stress index KD	p. 249
Dilatometer modulus ED	p. 249
Interpretation of test results	p. 250
Soil characterization	p. 250
Geotechnical parameters in clay	p. 252
Overconsolidation ratio (OCR)	p. 252
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest	p. 255
Undrained shear strength	p. 256
Soil stiffness	p. 256
Coefficient of consolidation	p. 259
Geotechnical parameters in sand	p. 260
Friction angle	p. 260
State parameter	p. 261
Soil stiffness	p. 262
Direct applications	p. 264
Laterally loaded piles	p. 264
Settlement of shallow foundations	p. 267
Soil liquefaction	p. 269
Note	p. 272
Design parameters: guidelines	p. 273
Clay	p. 274
Sand	p. 282
Residual soils	p. 286
Stiffness	p. 287
References and further reading	p. 290
Index	p. 328
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