Skills and Tools for Today's Counselors and Psychotherapists From Natural Helping to Professional Counseling (with DVD)

by Neukrug, Edward S.; Schwitzer, Alan M.

• ISBN13: 9780534644901
• ISBN10: 0534644902
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback w/DVD
• Copyright: 2005-08-26
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This innovative text/DVD package covers essential counseling communication skills, gives an overview of the nature of helping, applies knowledge and skills to the core areas helping professionals should master, and systematically explores the ethical, professional and cross-cultural issues to be considered as part of the counseling endeavor. Role plays and demonstrations of counseling skills and process stages, presented on the accompanying DVD, provide students with the opportunity to see these essential skills in action.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
DVD Box	xix
Core Areas of Knowledge and Skills	xx
Part I: Understanding the Nature of the Helping Relationship	xx
Part II: Clinical Skills: Attitudes and Techniques for Effective Counseling	xxi
Part III: Clinical Tools: Managing the Change Process	xxii
Part IV: Professional Toolboxes	xxii
Acknowledgments	xxvii
PART ONE Understanding the Nature of the Helping Relationship	1	(66)
From Natural Helper to Professional Counselor	3	(11)
Do Counseling and Psychotherapy Work?	3	(1)
Natural Helping versus Professional Counseling	4	(4)
Highlight 1.1 Counseling Does Work and Provides a Deliberate Mechanism to Help Clients	5	(2)
Professional Perspectives 1.1 Pushing a Client Too Far	7	(1)
Exercise 1.1 Natural Styles of Helping	8	(1)
Core Areas of Knowledge and Skills	8	(4)
Ethical, Professional, and Cross-Cultural Issues	9	(1)
Helper Attitudes	9	(1)
Techniques	10	(1)
Diagnosis	10	(1)
Case Conceptualization	11	(1)
Treatment Planning	11	(1)
Case Management	11	(1)
Theory	11	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	12	(1)
DVD Box: Introduction	12	(1)
Chapter Summary	12	(2)
The Stages of the Counseling Relationship	14	(31)
DVD Box: Introduction	14	(1)
Understanding the Stages of the Counseling Relationship	14	(22)
The Preinterview (Preparatory) Stage	15	(1)
Case Illustration 2.1 Preinterview (Preparatory) Stage	16	(1)
Exercise 2.1 Reflections on the Preinterview	17	(1)
Stage 1: Rapport and Trust Building	17	(3)
Case Illustration 2.2 Stage 1: Rapport and Trust Building	20	(1)
Exercise 2.2 Reflections on Rapport and Trust Building	21	(1)
Stage 2: Problem Identification	21	(2)
Case Illustration 2.3 Stage 2: Problem Identification	23	(1)
Exercise 2.3 Reflections on Problem Identification	24	(1)
Stage 3: Goal Setting and Treatment Planning	25	(1)
Case Illustration 2.4 Stage 3: Goal Setting	26	(1)
Exercise 2.4 Reflections on Goal Setting and Treatment Planning	27	(1)
Stage 4: Work	27	(2)
Case Illustration 2.5 Stage 4: Work	29	(1)
Exercise 2.5 Reflections on Work	30	(1)
Stage 5: Closure	30	(2)
Case Illustration 2.6 Stage 5: Closure	32	(1)
Exercise 2.6 Reflections on Closure	33	(1)
Stage 6: Postinterview	33	(1)
Case Illustration 2.7 Stage 6: The Postinterview	34	(1)
Exercise 2.7 Reflections on the Postinterview	35	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	36	(1)
DVD Box: Clinical Tools and Intake Interview Introduction, Intake Interview, Working Stage Interview, Termination Interview	36	(1)
Chapter Summary	36	(1)
Summarizing the Stages	37	(1)
Chapter 2 Appendix: Stages and Associated Core Areas of Knowledge and Skills	38	(7)
Ethical, Professional, and Cross-Cultural Issues	45	(22)
Ethical Issues	45	(15)
Defining Ethics	46	(1)
Exercise 3.1 Ethical versus Moral Beliefs	46	(1)
The Development of and Need for Ethical Codes	47	(1)
Exercise 3.2 Developing Ethical Guidelines	48	(1)
Codes of Ethics and Ethical ``Hot Spots''	48	(1)
Critical Ethical and Legal Issues	48	(5)
Professional Perspectives 3.1 Jaffe v. Redmond	53	(3)
Exercise 3.3 Ethical Dilemmas	56	(1)
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas	56	(4)
Exercise 3.4 Resolving Ethical Dilemmas	60	(1)
Professional Issues	60	(3)
Managed Care	60	(3)
Exercise 3.5 Discussing Issues	63	(1)
Cross-Cultural Issues	63	(2)
Counseling Does Not Work for Many People of Color	63	(1)
Professional Perspecitves 3.2 Lack of Awareness of Own Biases and Prejudices	64	(1)
Clinical Work with People of Color	64	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	65	(1)
DVD Box: Introduction	65	(1)
Chapter Summary	66	(1)
PART TWO Clinical Skills: Attitudes and Techniques for Effective Counseling	67	(98)
Attitudes and Characteristics of the Effective Clinician	69	(22)
DVD Box: Clinical Skills, Eight Attitudes and Characteristics	69	(1)
Helper Attitudes	70	(12)
Destructive Attitudes	70	(1)
Attitudes That Effect Change	70	(1)
Eight Attitudes to Embrace	71	(1)
Exercise 4.1 Are You Empathic?	72	(2)
Exercise 4.2 Genuineness	74	(1)
Exercise 4.3 Being Accepting	74	(1)
Professional Perspectives 4.1 Being Open to a Client's Perspective	75	(1)
Exercise 4.4 Open-Mindedness	76	(1)
Exercise 4.5 Cognitive Complexity	77	(3)
Exercise 4.6 Psychological Adjustment	80	(1)
Exercise 4.7 The Therapeutic Alliance	81	(1)
Exercise 4.8 Competence	82	(1)
Common Concerns for Beginning Clinicians	82	(4)
Countertransference	83	(1)
Dealing with Difficult or Resistant Clients	83	(1)
Imposter Syndrome	84	(1)
White Knight Syndrome	84	(1)
Professional Perspectives 4.2 A Failed Rescue	84	(1)
Exercise 4.9 Possible Effects of Common Beginning Concerns on Critical Attitudes	85	(1)
Attitudes Toward Clients of Color	86	(3)
DVD Box: Cross-Cultural Issues and Attitudes	88	(1)
Exercise 4.10 Attitudes Toward Multicultural Counseling	88	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	89	(1)
Chapter Summary	89	(2)
Foundational Skills: Nonverbal Behavior, Silence and Pause Time, Listening, Paraphrasing, and Empathy	91	(26)
DVD Box: Nonverbals, Silence and Pause Time	91	(1)
Nonverbal Behavior	92	(3)
Exercise 5.1 Playing with Nonverbal Cues	93	(1)
A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Nonverbal Behavior	94	(1)
Exercise 5.2 Assessing Nonverbal Behavior	94	(1)
Silence and Pause Time	95	(1)
Exercise 5.3 Silence	95	(1)
Exercise 5.4 Pause Time	96	(1)
DVD Box: Listening, Paraphrasing, and Empathy	96	(1)
Listening	96	(4)
Exercise 5.5 Listening Quiz	96	(2)
Exercise 5.6 Components of Listening	98	(1)
Hindrances to Effective Listening	98	(1)
Exercise 5.7 Hindrances to Listening	99	(1)
Preparing Yourself for Listening	99	(1)
Paraphrasing	100	(1)
Exercise 5.8 Practicing Paraphrasing	101	(1)
Empathic Understanding	101	(13)
Making Empathic Responses: A Step-by-Step Approach	103	(2)
Exercise 5.9 Making Basic Empathic Formula Responses	105	(1)
Exercise 5.10 Making Basic Empathic Formula Responses: Multiple Feelings	106	(2)
Exercise 5.11 Making Conversational Responses	108	(2)
Exercise 5.12 Making Advanced Empathic Responses	110	(2)
Practicing Empathic Responses	112	(1)
Exercise 5.13 Empathic Bombardment	112	(1)
Exercise 5.14 Practicing Empathic Responding	112	(1)
Exercise 5.15 More Practice with Empathy	113	(1)
Exercise 5.16 Practicing Advanced Empathic Responses	114	(1)
Final Thoughts	114	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	114	(1)
Chapter Summary	115	(2)
Information Gathering: Questions, Structured Interviews, Assessment Procedures, and Writing a Case Report	117	(23)
DVD Box: Information Gathering	118	(1)
Questions	118	(7)
Direct Questions	118	(1)
Exercise 6.1 Asking Direct Questions	119	(1)
Closed Questions: Delimiting Content and Affect	119	(1)
Exercise 6.2 Contrasting Closed Questions with Empathic Responses	119	(1)
Open Questions	120	(1)
Exercise 6.3 Practicing Open Questioning	120	(1)
Tentative Questions	120	(1)
Exercise 6.4 Developing Tentative Questions	121	(1)
Why Questions	122	(1)
Professional Perspectives 6.1 Summarizing Direct, Closed, Open, Tentative, and Why Questions	122	(1)
When to Use Questions	123	(1)
Exercise 6.5 Identifying Types of Questions	124	(1)
Conducting a Structured Interview	125	(7)
Professional Disclosure Statements and Informed Consent	126	(1)
Exercise 6.6 Developing a Professional Disclosure Statement	126	(1)
Professional Perspectives 6.2: Informed Consent	127	(1)
Exercise 6.7 Informed Consent Form	127	(1)
The Use of Questions in Conducting the Interview	127	(1)
How to Gather Information	128	(1)
What to Assess	129	(2)
Exercise 6.8 Writing a Mental Status Report	131	(1)
Professional Perspectives 6.3 Outline for Structured Interview and Subsequent Case Report	131	(1)
Exercise 6.9 Practicing Structured Interviews	132	(1)
Administering Assessment Procedures	132	(4)
Formal Assessment Techniques	133	(1)
Informal Assessment Techniques	133	(1)
Exercise 6.10 Completing a Genogram	134	(1)
Timing of Assessment Techniques	134	(2)
Writing a Case Report	136	(1)
Pulling It All Together	136	(1)
Exercise 6.11 Pulling It All Together	137	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	137	(1)
Chapter Summary	137	(3)
Commonly Used Skills: Affirmation Giving, Encouragement, Modeling, Self-Disclosure, Confrontation, Offering Alternatives, Information Giving, Advice Giving, and Collaboration	140	(25)
DVD Box: Affirmation Giving and Encouragement	141	(1)
Affirmation Giving	141	(1)
Exercise 7.1 Giving Affirmations	141	(1)
Encouragement	142	(1)
Exercise 7.2 Encouraging One Another	142	(1)
DVD Box: Modeling and Self-Disclosure	142	(1)
Modeling	142	(4)
Professional Perspectives 7.1 Too Much of a Good Thing?	143	(1)
Inadvertent Modeling	143	(1)
Exercise 7.3 Inadvertent Modeling	143	(1)
Intentional Modeling	144	(1)
Exercise 7.4 Intentional Modeling	145	(1)
Self-Disclosure	146	(3)
Professional Perspectives 7.2 Inappropriate Self-Disclosure	147	(1)
Content Self-Disclosure	147	(1)
Professional Perspectives 7.3 Content Self-Disclosure with a Client	148	(1)
Process Self-Disclosure	148	(1)
When to Use Self-Disclosure	148	(1)
Exercise 7.5 Practicing Self-Disclosure	149	(1)
DVD Box: Offering Alternatives, Information Gathering, Advice Giving	149	(1)
Problem-Focused Skills	149	(4)
Offering Alternatives	150	(1)
Exercise 7.6 Practicing Offering Alternatives	150	(1)
Information Giving	150	(1)
Exercise 7.7 Information Giving	151	(1)
Offering Advice	151	(1)
Exercise 7.8 Advice Giving	152	(1)
Final Thoughts on Problem-Focused Responses	152	(1)
DVD Box: Confrontation	152	(1)
Confrontation	153	(3)
Support, Then Challenge	153	(1)
Identifying Client Incongruencies	153	(2)
Professional Perspectives 7.4 Confronting Sally	155	(1)
Exercise 7.9 Responding to Discrepancies	156	(1)
DVD Box: Collaboration	156	(1)
Collaboration	156	(3)
Collaboration after Rapport and Trust Building and Prior to Problem Identification	157	(1)
Collaboration after Problem Identification and Prior to the Development of Treatment Goals	157	(1)
Professional Perspectives 7.5 A Woman with a Bridge Phobia	158	(1)
Collaboration after the Development of Treatment Goals and Prior to Treatment Planning	158	(1)
Transition Out of the Closure Stage	159	(1)
Exercise 7.10 Practicing Collaboration Skills	159	(1)
Pulling It All Together	159	(2)
Exercise 7.11 Practicing Attitudes and Skills	160	(1)
Learning to Be a Counselor: An Ongoing Process	161	(1)
Chapter Summary	162	(3)
PART THREE Clinical Tools: Managing the Change Process	165	(134)
DVD Box: Clinical Tools and Intake Interview Introduction, Intake Interview, Working Stage Interview, Termination Interview	166	(1)
Diagnosis: Developing DSM-IV-TR Skills	167	(27)
The DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic System	167	(5)
The Primary Purpose of a DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis	168	(1)
What Is a DSM-IV-TR Mental Disorder?	169	(1)
What Is Not a Diagnosable Mental Disorder?	169	(1)
Age, Gender, SES, and Cultural Differences in Making Diagnoses	170	(1)
Diagnosis, Professional Advances, and Social Change	171	(1)
Understanding the Multi-Axial Diagnostic System of DSM-IV-TR	172	(14)
Axis I and Axis II: The Disorders	173	(2)
Exercise 8.1 Practice Making Mood and Anxiety Disorder Diagnoses	175	(1)
Exercise 8.2 Practice Understanding Axis I Disorders	176	(1)
Exercise 8.3 Practice Making ``Other Conditions'' Diagnoses	176	(3)
Exercise 8.4 Learning about Specifiers	179	(2)
Exercise 8.5 Practice Making Axis I and Axis II Diagnoses	181	(1)
Axis III: General Medical Conditions	181	(1)
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems	182	(1)
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning	183	(2)
Exercise 8.6 Practice Using the GAF Scale	185	(1)
DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis: Two Case Illustrations	186	(1)
Case Illustration 8.1 DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis: Sienna	186	(1)
Case Illustration 8.2 DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis: Janine	187	(1)
Practicing Making a Diagnosis	187	(2)
Exercise 8.7 Practice Making Diagnoses Using All Five Axes	188	(1)
Learning to Be a Diagnostician: An Ongoing Process	189	(1)
DVD Box: Intake Interview	189	(1)
Chapter Summary	189	(2)
Answers to Chapter 8 Exercises	191	(3)
Case Conceptualization: Understanding the Client's Concerns	194	(30)
Understanding Case Conceptualization	194	(27)
Defining Case Conceptualization	195	(1)
Case Conceptualization: Some Examples	196	(1)
Case Illustration 9.1 Introduction to Case Conceptualization: Sienna	196	(2)
Exercise 9.1 What Theoretical Approach Is Best?	198	(1)
Case Illustration 9.2 Introduction to Case Conceptualization: Janine	198	(2)
Exercise 9.2 How Comfortable Are You with Clinical Thinking?	200	(1)
Feeling Overwhelmed by Case Conceptualization	200	(1)
Inverted Pyramid Method of Case Conceptualization	200	(1)
Step 1. Problem Identification: Identify and List Client Concerns	201	(2)
Box 9.1 Summary of Step 1. Problem Identification: Identify and List Client Concerns	203	(1)
Step 2. Thematic Groupings: Organize Concerns into Intuitive-Logical Constellations	204	(1)
Box 9.2 Summary of Step 2. Thematic Groupings: Organizing Concerns into Intuitive-Logical Constellations	205	(1)
Box 9.3 Summary of Step 3. Theoretical Inferences: Attach Thematic Groupings to Inferred Areas of Difficulty	206	(1)
Step 3. Theoretical Inferences: Attach Thematic Groupings to Inferred Areas of Difficulty	206	(1)
Step 4. Narrowed Inferences: Deeper Client Difficulties	206	(1)
Box 9.4 Summary of Step 4. Narrowed Inferences: Deeper Client Difficulties	207	(1)
Box 9.5 The Use of Theory to Infer Areas of Client Difficulty and Deeper Difficulties	207	(2)
Applying the Inverted Pyramid Method: Another Look at Sienna and Janine	209	(1)
Case Illustration 9.3 Applying the Inverted Pyramid Method to Sienna	210	(2)
Case Illustration 9.4 Applying the Inverted Pyramid Method to Janine	212	(1)
Using Popular Characters to Increase Familiarity with Case Conceptualization	213	(1)
Practice Client 9.1 Scarlett O'Hara	214	(1)
Practice Client 9.2 Maya Angelou's Maguerite Johnson	215	(2)
Practice Client 9.3 Hansel	217	(1)
Practice Client 9.4 Wicked Queen	218	(2)
Additional Questions and Exercises Using Popular Characters	220	(1)
Exercise 9.3 Afterthoughts about Chapter 9 Practice Cases	220	(1)
Exercise 9.4 Additional Practice Using Popular Character Clients	220	(1)
Learning Case Conceptualization: An Ongoing Process	221	(1)
DVD Box: Intake Interview	221	(1)
Chapter Summary	222	(2)
Treatment Planning: Building a Plan for Change	224	(32)
Understanding Treatment Planning	224	(29)
Defining Treatment Planning	224	(2)
Case Illustrations: Sienna and Janine	226	(1)
Case Illustration 10.1 Introduction to Treatment Planning: Sienna	227	(1)
Exercise 10.1 Developing Your Treatment Plan for Sienna	228	(1)
Case Illustration 10.2 Introduction to Treatment Planning: Janine	229	(1)
Exercise 10.2 Developing Your Treatment Plan for Janine	230	(1)
Exercise 10.3 How Comfortable Are You with Professional Decision Making?	231	(1)
Building a Treatment Plan	231	(3)
Box 10.1 Summary of Step 1. Selecting Achievable Goals for Change	234	(3)
Box 10.2 Evidence-Based Treatment	237	(1)
Box 10.3 Summary of Step 2: Determining the Treatment	238	(2)
Another Look at Our Case Examples	240	(1)
Box 10.4 Summary of Step 3: Establishing How Change Will Be Measured	241	(1)
Case Illustration 10.3: Revisiting Sienna's Treatment Plan	241	(2)
Case Illustration 10.4: Revisiting Janine's Treatment Plan	243	(1)
Using Popular Characters to Explore Treatment Planning	244	(1)
Our Four Practice Clients	245	(1)
Exercise 10.4 Practicing Treatment Planning	245	(1)
Practice Client 10.1: Scarlett O'Hara	245	(2)
Practice Client 10.2: Maya Angelou's Maguerite Johnson	247	(1)
Practice Client 10.3 Hansel	248	(2)
Practice Client 10.4: Wicked Queen	250	(1)
Afterthoughts about Our Practice Cases and Additional Exercises	251	(1)
Exercise 10.5 Afterthoughts about Our Practice Cases and Treatment Planning	251	(1)
Exercise 10.6 Additional Treatment Planning Practice Using Popular Character Clients	252	(1)
Learning to Build Treatment Plans: An Ongoing Process	253	(1)
DVD Box: Working Stage Interview	254	(1)
Chapter Summary	254	(2)
Case Management: Monitoring and Documenting the Professional Relationship	256	(43)
Defining Case Management	256	(30)
Documentation	257	(3)
Case Illustration 11.1 Intake Summary: Sienna	260	(2)
Case Illustration 11.2 Intake Summary: Janine	262	(2)
Case Illustration 11.3 Case Note: Sienna	264	(1)
Case Illustration 11.4 Case Note: Janine	265	(2)
Case Illustration 11.5 Termination Summary: Sienna	267	(1)
Case Illustration 11.6 Termination Summary: Janine	268	(1)
Box 11.1 Summary of Documentation	269	(1)
Consultation, Supervision, and Collaboration	269	(2)
Exercise 11.1 Using Clinical Supervision	271	(2)
Exercise 11.2 Functioning in Professional Relationships	273	(1)
Communication with Stakeholders	273	(1)
Box 11.2 Summary of Consultation, Supervision, and Collaboration	274	(4)
Case Illustration 11.7 Communicating with a Background Investigator: Sienna	278	(1)
Exercise 11.3 Communicating with Stakeholders	279	(2)
Box 11.3 Summary of Communication with Stakeholders	281	(1)
Business-Related Activities	281	(1)
Exercise 11.4 What Does a Clinical Practice Cost?	282	(2)
Box 11.4 Summary of Business-Related Matters	284	(1)
Time and Caseload Management	285	(1)
Box 11.5 Summary of Time and Caseload Management	286	(1)
Now Some Practice	286	(6)
Practice Client 11.1 Scarlett O'Hara	287	(1)
Practice Client 11.2 Maya Angelou's Marguerite	288	(1)
Practice Client 11.3 Hansel	289	(2)
Practice Client 11.4 Wicked Queen	291	(1)
Learning to Manage Cases: An Ongoing Process	292	(1)
DVD Box: Termination Interview	293	(1)
Chapter Summary	293	(4)
Epilogue	297	(2)
PART FOUR Professional Toolboxes	299	(34)
A. Websites of Codes of Ethics of Select Mental Health Professional Associations	301	(2)
B. Counseling Diverse Clients	303	(12)
Counseling Individuals from Different Ethnic and Racial Groups	304	(1)
Counseling Individuals from Diverse Religious Backgrounds	305	(1)
Counseling Women	306	(1)
Professional Perspectives B.1 Guidelines for Working with Women	307	(1)
Counseling Men	308	(1)
Counseling Gay Men and Lesbian Women	309	(1)
Counseling Individuals Who Are HIV Positive	310	(1)
Counseling the Homeless and the Poor	311	(1)
Counseling Older Persons	312	(1)
Counseling the Mentally Ill	313	(1)
Counseling Individuals with Disabilities	314	(1)
C. Clinical Report	315	(4)
D. Overview of Axis I and Axis II of DSM-IV-TR	319	(4)
Brief Overview of Axis I Disorders	319	(2)
Brief Overview of Axis II Disorders	321	(2)
E. In Association with the DVD, Applying Clinical Tools with Alice: Case Conceptualization, Diagnosis, Case Notes, Treatment Planning	323	(10)
Case Conceptualization	323	(3)
Diagnostic Impressions	326	(1)
Case Notes	326	(2)
Treatment Planning	328	(2)
Termination Summary	330	(1)
Diagnosis at Termination	331	(2)
References	333	(14)
Index	347