Social Inequality : Forms, Causes, and Consequences

by Hurst, Charles E.

Edition:

6th

ISBN13:

9780205484362

ISBN10:

0205484360

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/2007

Publisher(s):

Allyn & Bacon

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Summary

This text explores the pervasiveness of inequality in American society. Using both classical and contemporary explanations for inequality, it examines the effect of inequality on us individually and collectively and efforts to change the structure of inequality.

Preface

1 An Introduction to the Study of Social Inequality

(14)

Some Controversial Issues of Substance

(6)

Issues of Methodology

(2)

Organization of the Book

(2)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Web Connections

(2)

PART ONE Extent and Forms of Social Inequality

2 Economic Inequality

(30)

The Everyday Reality of Class

(2)

Two Views of U.S. Class Structure

(6)

Technology and the Shaping of the U.S. Class Structure

(2)

Income Inequality

(2)

Is the Middle Class Shrinking?

(4)

Wealth Inequality in the United States

(7)

The Global Context and the Impact of Globalization

(5)

Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Web Connections

(1)

3 Status Inequality

(198)

The Theory of Social Status

(4)

Spheres of Status in the United States

(12)

Inequality in Appalachia

(7)

Globalization and Axes of Social Status

(1)

Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Web Connections

(1)

4 Political Inequality

(23)

Portraits of National Power Structure

(5)

Distribution of Political Power

(5)

Interlinkage of Economic and Political Power

(3)

Ruling-Class Unity

(3)

Power Inequality in the Work Experience

(3)

Power Inequality in a Global and Globalizing Context

(2)

Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Web Connections

(1)

5 Sex and Gender Inequality

(37)

The Status of Women in the Early United States

(2)

Present Occupational and Economic Conditions for Women

(10)

Microinequities in the Treatment of Women

106

(3)

General Theories of Sex and Gender Inequality

109

(14)

The Global Context and the Impact of Globalization

123

(6)

Summary

129

(1)

Critical Thinking

130

(1)

Web Connections

130

(1)

6 Sexual Orientation and Inequality

131

(22)

The Complexity of Sexuality and Gender

132

(1)

Public Opinions on Homosexuality

133

(4)

Homosexuals as a Status Group

137

(2)

Discrimination, Legal Confusion, and Sexual Orientation

139

(4)

A Socioeconomic Profile of Homosexuals

143

(5)

Negative Consequences of Stigmatization

148

(2)

Globalization and Sexuality

150

(1)

Summary

151

(1)

Critical Thinking

152

(1)

Web Connections

152

(1)

7 Racial and Ethnic Inequality

153

(36)

The Meaning and Creation of Race

153

(2)

U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations: An Historical Sketch

155

(5)

Racial and Ethnic Inequality Today

160

(6)

Microinequities in the Treatment of Racial and Ethnic Minorities

166

(1)

The Intersection of Class, Race, Sex, and Gender

167

(7)

Theories of Racial and Ethnic Inequality

174

(9)

The Global Context, Immigration, and Globalization

183

(3)

Summary

186

(1)

Critical Thinking

187

(1)

Web Connections

188

(1)

PART TWO General Explanations of Inequality

8 Classical Explanations of Inequality

189

(29)

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

189

(10)

Max Weber (1864-1920)

199

(8)

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

207

(4)

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

211

(5)

Summary

216

(1)

Critical Thinking

217

(1)

Web Connections

217

(1)

9 Contemporary Explanations of Inequality

218

Functionalist Theory of Stratification

219

(3)

Theories of Social Construction and Reproduction

222

(8)

Labor-Market Theories of Income and Earnings Distribution

230

(8)

The Recent Focus on Process Identification

238

(2)

Summary

240

(1)

Critical Thinking

241

(1)

Web Connections

241

(2)

PART THREE Consequences of Social Inequality

10 The Impact of Inequality on Personal Life Chances

243

(21)

Basic Life Chances: Physical Health

243

(7)

Basic Life Chances: Psychological Health

250

(8)

Basic Life Chances: Food and Shelter

258

(4)

Summary

262

(1)

Critical Thinking

263

(1)

Web Connections

263

(1)

11 Deviance, Protest, and Inequality

264

(31)

Violence in the Family

264

(2)

Inequality and the Measurement of Crime

266

(1)

Street Crime and Inequality

267

(12)

White-Collar Crime, Corporate Crime, and Punishment

279

(5)

Hate Crimes and Inequality

284

(2)

Structured Inequality and Collective Protests

286

(4)

Social Inequality and Environmental Equity

290

(3)

Summary

293

(1)

Critical Thinking

294

(1)

Web Connections

294

(1)

12 Social Inequality and Social Movements

295

(36)

The Labor Movement

295

(11)

The Civil Rights Movement

306

(11)

The Women's Movement

317

(10)

Inequality, Context, and Social Movements: A Synthesis

327

(3)

Critical Thinking

330

(1)

Web Connections

330

(1)

PART FOUR Stability and Change in the System of Social Inequality

13 Social Mobility and Status Attainment: Openness in U.S. Society

331

(23)

Questions Concerning Openness

331

(1)

U.S. Mobility over Time

332

(4)

Comparative Studies of Mobility

336

(2)

Status Attainment: What Determines How Far One Goes?

338

(6)

Mobility and Attainment Process among African Americans

344

(3)

Patterns of Mobility and Attainment among Women

347

(5)

Summary

352

(1)

Critical Thinking

353

(1)

Web Connections

353

(1)

14 Justice and Legitimacy: Assessments of the Structure of Inequality

354

(18)

U.S. Attitudes about the Distribution of Income and Wealth

355

(2)

What is a Just Distribution?

357

(3)

Bases for the Legitimation of Structured Inequality

360

(10)

Summary

370

(1)

Critical Thinking

371

(1)

Web Connections

371

(1)

15 Addressing Inequality and Poverty: Programs and Reforms

372

(30)

Addressing Inequality

373

(4)

The Conundrum of Defining Poverty

377

(2)

Levels of and Trends in Poverty

379

(1)

Perceptions of the Poor and Theories of Poverty

380

(8)

Poverty Programs

388

(5)

Flaws in pre-1996 Assistance Programs

393

(1)

Welfare Reform

394

(3)

Suggestions for Reducing Inequality

397

(3)

Summary

400

(1)

Critical Thinking

401

(1)

Web Connections

401

(1)

Glossary of Basic Terms

402

(5)

References

407

(41)

Index

448

Social Inequality : Forms, Causes, and Consequences

9780205484362

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Table of Contents