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9780072884111

Sociology: A Brief Introduction with Reel Society Interactive Movie 1.0 CD-ROM and PowerWeb

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780072884111

  • ISBN10:

    0072884118

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2003-06-20
  • Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
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Summary

Like its predecessors, the fifth edition of this concise text reflects Rick Schaefer's mission to bring readers a comprehensive, up-to-date presentation that teaches them how to think critically about society and their own lives from a wide range of classical and contemporary perspectives. Combining balanced coverage of theory with current research findings, distinctive social policy sections, examples and issues of interest to students, and abundant learning aids and exercises, this text will help students develop a sociological imagination."In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, sociology has been called on to explain the social consequences of the attacks.... The introductory sociology class provides the ideal laboratory in which to study our own society and those of our global neighbors. Sociology can help students to better understand the workings of their own lives as well as of their society and other cultures."-- Richard T. Schaefer

Table of Contents

List of Boxes

List of Social Policy Sections

List of Maps

Preface

1 Understanding Sociology

What Is Sociology?

The Sociological Imagination
Sociology and the Social Sciences
Sociology and Common Sense

What Is Sociological Theory?

The Development of Sociology

Early Thinkers
mile Durkheim
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Modern Developments

Major Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
Feminist Perspective
The Sociological Approach

Developing the Sociological Imagination

Theory in Practice
Research in Action
The Significance of Social Inequality
Speaking across Race, Gender, and National Boundaries
Social Policy throughout the World

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Women in Public Places Worldwide

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Looking at Sports from Four Theoretical Perspectives

APPENDIX: Careers in Sociology

2 Sociological Research

What Is the Scientific Method?

Defining the Problem
Reviewing the Literature
Formulating the Hypothesis
Collecting and Analyzing Data
Developing the Conclusion
In Summary: The Scientific Method

Major Research Designs

Surveys
Observation
Experiments
Use of Existing Sources

Ethics of Research

The Right to Know versus the Right to Privacy
Preserving Confidentiality
Neutrality and Politics in Research

Technology and Sociological Research

Social Policy and Sociological Research: Studying Human Sexuality

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Sent-down in China

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Framing Survey Questions about Interracial Friendships

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Paul Donato, Chief Research Officer, Nielsen Media Research

3 Culture

Culture and Society

Development of Culture around the World

Cultural Universals
Innovation
Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology

Elements of Culture

Language
Norms
Sanctions
Values

Culture and the Dominant Ideology

Cultural Variation

Aspects of Cultural Variation
Attitudes toward Cultural Variation

Social Policy and Culture: Bilingualism

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Life in the Global Village

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Cultural Sensitivity on the Beat

4 Socialization

The Role of Socialization

Environment: The Impact of Isolation
The Influence of Heredity
Sociobiology

The Self and Socialization

Sociological Approaches to the Self
Psychological Approaches to the Self

Socialization and the Life Course

The Life Course
Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization
Agents of Socialization
Family
School
Peer Group
Mass Media and Technology
Workplace
The State

Social Policy and Socialization: Child Care around the World

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Raising Amish Children

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Impression Management by Students after Exams

5 Social Interaction and Social Structure

Social Interaction and Reality

Defining and Reconstructing Reality
Negotiated Order

Elements of Social Structure

Statuses
Social Roles
Groups
Social Networks and Technology
Social Institutions

Social Structure in Global Perspective

Tnniess Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Lenskis Sociocultural Evolution Approach

Social Policy and Social Structure: The AIDS Crisis

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Womens Social Networks

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Disability as a Master Status

6 Groups and Organizations

Understanding Groups

Types of Groups
Studying Small Groups

Understanding Organizations

Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies
Characteristics of a Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture
Voluntary Associations

Technology Impact on the Workplace

Telecommuting
Electronic Communication

Social Policy and Organizations: The State of the Unions

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Management, Russian Style

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Pizza Delivery Employees as a Secondary Group

7 The Mass Media

Sociological Perspectives of the Media

Functionalist View
Conflict View
Feminist View
Interactionalist View

The Audience

Who Is in the Audience?
The Segmented Audience
Audience Behavior

The Media Industry

Media Concentration
The Medias Global Reach

Social Policy and Mass Media: Media Violence

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Good Morning, Bhutan!

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: The Color of Network TV

8 Deviance and Social Control

Social Control

Conformity and Obedience
Informal and Formal Social Control
Law and Society

Deviance

What Is Deviance?
Explaining Deviance

Crime

Types of Crime
Crime Statistics

Social Policy and Socialization: The Death Penalty in the United States and Worldwide

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Defining Deviancy Down: From Professional Wrestling to the Backyards

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Discretionary Justice

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Tiffany Zapata-Mancilla, Victim Witness Specialist, Cook County States Attorneys Office

9 Stratification in the United States and Worldwide

Understanding Stratification

Systems of Stratification
Perspectives on Stratification
Is Stratification Universal

Stratification by Social Class

Measuring Social Class
Wealth and Income
Poverty
Life Chances

Social Mobility

Open versus Closed Stratification Systems
Types of Social Mobility
Social Mobility in the United States

Stratification in the World System

The Legacy of Colonialism
Multinational Corporations
Modernization

Stratification within Nations: A Comparative Perspective

Social Policy and Stratification: Rethinking Welfare in North America and Europe

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Slavery in the Twenty-first Century

RESEARCH IN ACTION: When Jobs Disappear

10 Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

Minority Groups
Race
Ethnicity

Prejudice and Discrimination

Discriminatory Behavior
Institutional Discrimination

Studying Race and Ethnicity

Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Interactionist Perspective

Patterns of Intergroup Relations

Amalgamation
Assimilation
Segregation
Pluralism

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

Racial Groups
Ethnic Groups

Social Policy and Race and Ethnicity: Global Immigration

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Prejudice against Arab Americans and Muslim Americans

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: The Latino Middle Class

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Delores Cleary, Assistant Professor, Central Washington University

11 Stratification by Gender and Age

Social Construction of Gender

Gender Roles in the United States
Cross-Cultural Perspective

Explaining Stratification by Gender

The Functionalist View
The Conflict Response
The Feminist Perspective
The Interactionist Approach

Women: The Oppressed Majority

Sexism and Sex Discrimination
Sexual Harassment
The Status of Women Worldwide
Women in the Workforce of the United States
Women: Emergence of a Collective Consciousness

Aging and Society

Explaining the Aging Process

Functionalist Approach: Disengagement Theory
Interactionist Approach: Activity Theory
The Conflict Approach

Age Stratification in the United States

The Graying of America
Wealth and Income
Ageism
Competition in the Labor Force
The Elderly: Emergence of a Collective Consciousness

Social Policy and Gender Stratification: The Battle over Abortion from a

Global Perspective

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: The Head Scarf and the Veil:

Complex Symbols

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Stacey Karp, President of San Francisco Chapter of NOW (National Organization for Women)

12 The Family and Intimate Relationships

Global View of the Family

Composition: What Is the Family?
Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?
Authority Patterns: Who Rules?

Studying the Family

Functionalist View
Conflict View
Interactionist View
Feminist View

Marriage and Family

Courtship and Mate Selection
Variations in Family Life and Intimate Relationships
Child-Rearing Patterns in Family Life

Divorce

Statistical Trends in Divorce
Factors Associated with Divorce
Impact of Divorce on Children

Divorce Lifestyles

Cohabitation
Remaining Single
Lesbian and Gay Relationships
Marriage without Children

Social Policy and the Family: Reproductive Technology

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Domestic Violence

RESEARCH IN ACTION: The Lingering Impact of Divorce

13 Religion and Education

Durkheim and the Sociological Approach to Religion

World Religions

The Role of Religion

The Integrative Function of Religion
Religion and Social Support
Religion and Social Change
Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View

Religious Behavior

Belief
Ritual
Experience

Religious Organization

Ecclesiae
Denominations
Sects
New Religious Movements or Cults
Comparing Forms of Religious Organization

Sociological Perspectives on Education

Functionalist View
Conflict View
Interactionist View

Schools as Formal Organizations

Bureaucratization of Schools
Teachers: Employees and Instructors
Student Subculture

Social Policy and Religion: Religion in the Schools

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Jainism in India and the United States

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Violence in the Schools

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Ray Zapata, Business Owner and Former Regent, Texas State University

14 Government, the Economy, and the Environment

Economic Systems

Capitalism
Socialism

Power and Authority

Power
Types of Authority

Political Behavior in the United States

Political Socialization
Participation and Apathy
Women in Politics

Models of Power Structure in the United States

Power Elite Models
Pluralist Model

The Changing Economy

The Face of the Workforce
Deindustrialization
E-commerce
The Contingency Workforce

The Environment

Environmental Problems: An Overview
Functionalism and Human Ecology
Conflict View of Environmental Issues
Environmental Justice

Social Policy: Affirmative Action

SOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Terrorist Violence

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Working Women in Nepal

TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Peter Schaefer, Research Coordinator, Safer Yards

15 Population, Health, and Communities

Demography: The Study of Population

Malthuss Thesis and Marxs Response
Studying Population Today
Elements of Deomography

World Population Patterns

Demographic Transition
The Population Explosion

Fertility Patterns in the United States

The Baby Boom
Stable Population Growth

Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness

Functionalist Approach
Conflict Approach
Interactionist Approach
Labeling Approach

Social Epidemiology and Health

Social Class
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Age

How Did Communities Originate?

Early Communities
Preindustrial Cities
Industrial and Postindustrial Cities

Urbanization

Functionalist View: Urban Ecology
Conflict View: New Urban Sociology

Types of Communities

Central Cities
Suburbs
Rural Communities

Social Policy: World Population Policy

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Store Wars

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: To Inform or Not to Inform? How Race and Ethnicity Affect Views of Patient Autonomy

16 Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology

Social Movements

Relative Deprivation
Resource Mobilization
Gender and Social Movements
New Social Movements

Theories of Social Change

Evolutionary Theory
Functionalist Theory
Conflict Theory
Global Social Change

Resistance to Social Change

Economic and Cultural Factors
Resistance to Technology

Technology and the Future

Computer Technology
Biotechnology
Technological Accidents

Technology and Society

Culture and Social Interaction
Social Control
Stratification and Inequality

Social Policy and Technology: Privacy and Censorship in a Global Village

RESEARCH IN ACTION: Virtual Social Movements

SOCIAL INEQUALITY: Global Disconnect

Glossary

References

Acknowledgments

Photo Credits

Index edits

Index

Supplemental Materials

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