Sociology: The Core

by Hughes & Kroehler

Edition:

8th

ISBN13:

9780073528120

ISBN10:

0073528129

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

5/17/2010 10:09:00 AM

Publisher(s):

McGraw Hill

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Summary

Highly respected for its quality scholarship and its focused, straightforward approach,Sociology: The Corecovers the core sociological concepts with a brief, accessible presentation and at a very affordable price. As in previous editions, the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives are applied throughout the book, allowing students to develop a solid understanding of the major sociological perspectives and their applications to the topics covered. Completely updated,Sociology: The Coremakes sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, relates principles to real-world circumstances, and attunes students to the dynamic processes of our rapidly changing contemporary society.

List of Boxes

xvii

Preface

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxvii

Visual Preview

xxviii

Developing a Sociological Consciousness

(40)

The Sociological Perspective

(4)

New Levels of Reality

(2)

The Sociological Imagination

(1)

Microsociology and Macrosociology

(1)

The Development of Sociology

(9)

Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology

(1)

Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist

(1)

Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

(1)

Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict

(1)

Emile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts

(1)

Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization

(1)

American Sociology

(2)

Contemporary Sociology

(2)

Theoretical Perspectives

(7)

The Functionalist Perspective

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

(2)

The Interactionist Perspective

(2)

Using the Three Perspectives

(1)

Conducting Research

(17)

The Logic of Science

(1)

How Do Sociologists Collect Data?

(5)

Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-up Look

(4)

Research Ethics

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Developing a Sociological Consciousness

(2)

Glossary

(2)

Review Questions

(1)

Internet Connection

(2)

Culture and Social Structure

(26)

Components of Culture

(7)

Norms

(1)

Values

(1)

Symbols and Language

(4)

Cultural Unity and Diversity

(6)

Cultural Universals

(1)

Cultural Integration

(1)

Ethnocentrism

(1)

Cultural Relativism

(1)

Subcultures and Countercultures

(4)

Social Structure

(11)

Statuses

(1)

Roles

(2)

Groups

(1)

Institutions

(1)

Societies

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Culture and Social Structure

(2)

Glossary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Internet Connection

(1)

Socialization

(32)

Foundations for Socialization

(11)

Nature and Nurture

(2)

Theories of Socialization

(2)

Agents of Socialization

(3)

Social Communication

(2)

Definition of the Situation

(2)

The Self and Socialization

(5)

Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self

(2)

George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other

(1)

Erving Goffman: Impression Management

(1)

Socialization across the Life Course

(14)

Childhood

(1)

Adolescence

(2)

Young Adulthood

(1)

Middle Adulthood

(1)

Later Adulthood

(2)

Death

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Socialization

(2)

Glossary

(2)

Review Questions

(1)

Internet Connection

(1)

Social Groups and Formal Organizations

100

(32)

Group Relationships

102

(4)

Primary Groups and Secondary Groups

102

(2)

In-Groups and Out-Groups

104

(1)

Reference Groups

105

(1)

Group Dynamics

106

(7)

Group Size

106

(2)

Leadership

108

(1)

Social Loafing

109

(1)

Social Dilemmas

109

(1)

Groupthink

110

(2)

Conformity

112

(1)

Formal Organizations

113

(19)

Types of Formal Organization

113

(2)

Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations

115

(2)

Characteristics of Bureaucracies

117

(1)

Problems of Bureaucracy

118

(4)

Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives

122

(3)

Humanizing Bureaucracies

125

(3)

The Chapter in Brief: Social Groups and Formal Organizations

128

(1)

Glossary

129

(2)

Review Questions

131

(1)

Internet Connection

131

(1)

Deviance and Crime

132

(42)

The Nature of Deviance

134

(7)

Social Properties of Deviance

134

(5)

Social Control and Deviance

139

(2)

Theories of Deviance

141

(12)

Anomie Theory

142

(2)

Cultural Transmission Theory

144

(3)

Conflict Theory

147

(2)

Labeling Theory

149

(2)

Control Theory

151

(2)

Crime and the Criminal Justice System

153

(21)

Forms of Crime

154

(5)

Measuring Crime

159

(1)

Drugs and Crime

160

(1)

Race and Crime

161

(2)

Women and Crime

163

(1)

The Criminal Justice System

164

(6)

The Chapter in Brief: Deviance and Crime

170

(2)

Glossary

172

(1)

Review Questions

173

(1)

Internet Connection

173

(1)

Social Stratification

174

(36)

Patterns of Social Stratification

176

(4)

Open and Closed Systems

176

(1)

Dimensions of Stratification

177

(3)

The American Class System

180

(15)

Is There Inequality in American Society?

181

(1)

Identifying Social Classes

182

(7)

The Significance of Social Classes

189

(1)

Poverty in the United States

190

(5)

Social Mobility

195

(5)

Forms of Social Mobility

196

(1)

Social Mobility and Status Attainment

196

(3)

What Is Happening to the American Dream?

199

(1)

Explanations of Social Stratification

200

(10)

The Functionalist Theory of Stratification

200

(3)

The Conflict Theory of Stratification

203

(2)

A Synthesis of Perspectives

205

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Social Stratification

206

(2)

Glossary

208

(1)

Review Questions

209

(1)

Internet Connection

209

(1)

Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

210

(38)

Racial and Ethnic Stratification

212

(4)

Races

212

(2)

Ethnic Groups

214

(1)

Minority Groups

215

(1)

Prejudice and Discrimination

216

(6)

Prejudice

216

(3)

Discrimination

219

(1)

Institutional Discrimination

219

(3)

Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism

222

(2)

Assimilation

222

(1)

Pluralism

223

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

224

(14)

Hispanics/Latinos

225

(4)

African Americans

229

(3)

American Indians and Alaskan Natives

232

(2)

Asian Americans

234

(3)

White Ethnics

237

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

238

(3)

The Functionalist Perspective

238

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

239

(1)

The Interactionist Perspective

240

(1)

The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations

241

(7)

Intergroup Relations

241

(1)

Ethnicity

242

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

242

(3)

Glossary

245

(1)

Review Questions

245

(1)

Internet Connection

246

(2)

Gender Inequality

248

(34)

Gender Stratification

250

(20)

Sexism and Patriarchy

251

(1)

Gender Inequality around the World

252

(2)

Gender Inequality in the United States

254

(16)

Sources of Gender Differences

270

(5)

Gender and Biology

270

(1)

Gender and Culture

271

(3)

Gender Identities

274

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification

275

(7)

The Functionalist Perspective

276

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

276

(1)

The Interactionist Perspective

277

(1)

The Feminist Perspective

277

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Gender Inequality

278

(1)

Glossary

279

(1)

Review Questions

280

(1)

Internet Connection

280

(2)

Political and Economic Power

282

(34)

Power, Authority, and the State

284

(4)

The State

284

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on the State

285

(2)

Legitimacy and Authority

287

(1)

Political Power

288

(11)

Types of Government

289

(2)

Political Power in the United States

291

(6)

Models of Power in the United States

297

(2)

Economic Power

299

(3)

Comparative Economic Systems

299

(3)

The Power of Corporations

302

(6)

The Power of National Corporations

302

(2)

The Power of Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy

304

(2)

The Control of Corporations

306

(2)

The Sociology of Work

308

(8)

Changes in the Work Experience

308

(2)

The Significance of Work

310

(1)

Satisfaction and Alienation in Work

310

(2)

The Chapter in Brief: Political and Economic Power

312

(2)

Glossary

314

(1)

Review Questions

315

(1)

Internet Connection

315

(1)

The Family

316

(36)

Structure of the Family: A Global View

319

(5)

Forms of the Family

319

(2)

Forms of Marriage

321

(2)

Patterns of Courtship

323

(1)

Marriage and the Family in the United States

324

(15)

Life within Marriage

325

(2)

Parenthood

327

(1)

Two-Income Families

328

(4)

Beyond the Traditional Nuclear Family

332

(7)

Challenges for American Families and American Society

339

(7)

Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest

339

(2)

Child Care

341

(2)

Divorce

343

(2)

Care for the Elderly

345

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on the Family

346

(6)

The Functionalist Perspective

346

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

347

(1)

The Interactionist Perspective

347

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: The Family

348

(2)

Glossary

350

(1)

Review Questions

351

(1)

Internet Connection

351

(1)

Religion, Education, and Medicine

352

(42)

Religion

353

(14)

What Is Religion?

354

(1)

A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior

354

(2)

Religious Organizations

356

(2)

Religion and Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic

358

(2)

Adapting Tradition: Religion in Contemporary Life

360

(2)

Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism

362

(1)

State-Church Issues

363

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

364

(2)

The Conflict Perspective

366

(1)

Education

367

(10)

The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools

367

(1)

The Effectiveness of Schools

368

(2)

Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools

370

(1)

The Availability of Higher Education

371

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

372

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

373

(2)

The Interactionist Perspective

375

(2)

Medicine

377

(17)

The U.S. Health Care Delivery System

377

(3)

Rising Health Care Costs: Is Managed Care the Answer?

380

(2)

Alternatives to the U.S. Health Care System: A Global Perspective

382

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

383

(3)

The Conflict Perspective

386

(1)

The Interactionist Perspective

387

(1)

The Chapter in Brief: Religion, Education, and Medicine

388

(2)

Glossary

390

(2)

Review Questions

392

(1)

Internet Connection

392

(2)

Population and Environment

394

(34)

Population

396

(14)

Elements in Population Change

396

(4)

Population Composition

400

(4)

Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth

404

(2)

Demographic Transition

406

(1)

Population Policies

407

(3)

The Urban Environment

410

(7)

The Origin and Evolution of Cities

410

(3)

Patterns of City Growth

413

(1)

Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification

414

(1)

Urban Crisis: Cities in Decline

415

(2)

Sprawling Urban Growth: The Rise of ``Edge'' Cities

417

(1)

The Ecological Environment

417

(11)

Human-Environment Interactions: A Closer Look

418

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

419

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

420

(1)

The Interactionist Perspective

420

(1)

The New Millennium

421

(2)

The Chapter in Brief: Population and Environment

423

(2)

Glossary

425

(1)

Review Questions

426

(1)

Internet Connection

427

(1)

Social Change

428

A World of Change

430

(12)

Sources of Social Change

430

(3)

Perspectives on Social Change

433

(3)

Social Change in the United States

436

(4)

Social Change in Developing Nations

440

(2)

Collective Behavior

442

(5)

Varieties of Collective Behavior

442

(2)

Preconditions for Collective Behavior

444

(2)

Explanations of Crowd Behavior

446

(1)

Social Movements

447

(6)

Causes of Social Movements

448

(2)

Types of Social Movements

450

(1)

Social Revolution

450

(1)

Terrorism

451

(2)

Looking to the Future

453

The Chapter in Brief: Social Change

456

(1)

Glossary

457

(2)

Review Questions

459

(1)

Internet Connection

459

references

(1)

photo credits

(1)

name index

(16)

subject index

Sociology: The Core

9780073528120

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Summary

Table of Contents