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The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness,9780134764337

The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness

by Weiss, Gregory L.; Lonnquist, Lynne E.

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780134764337

ISBN10:

0134764331

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

6/1/1997

Publisher(s):

Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group

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This is the 2nd edition with a publication date of 6/1/1997.

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The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness

Table of Contents

PREFACE

xiii

PART I: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, HEALING, AND ILLNESS

1

(33)

1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, HEALING, AND ILLNESS

1

(12)

Definition of Medical Sociology

1

(1)

Historical Development of Medical Sociology

2

(2)

Major Topics of Analysis in Medical Sociology

4

(3)

Sociology's Contribution

7

(3)

The Role of the Medical Sociologist

10

(1)

Summary

10

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

11

(1)

Discussion Question

11

(1)

References

11

(2)

2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

13

(21)

A Brief History of Medicine

13

(1)

Early Humans

14

(1)

Ancient Civilizations: Egypt and Mesopotamia

15

(1)

Greek and Roman Societies

16

(3)

The Medieval Era

19

(1)

Medicine in the Renaissance

20

(1)

Medicine from 1600 to 1900

21

(4)

The Ascendancy of Medical Authority in America

25

(5)

Perspectives on the Ascendancy of Medical Authority

30

(1)

Summary

31

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

32

(1)

Discussion Question

32

(1)

References

33

(1)

PART II: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS

34

(72)

3 SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

34

(23)

The Work of the Epidemiologist

34

(2)

The Epidemiological Transition

36

(2)

Life Expectancy and Mortality

38

(4)

Infant Mortality

42

(4)

Maternal Mortality

46

(1)

Morbidity

47

(5)

Disability

52

(1)

Summary

53

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

53

(1)

Discussion Cases

54

(1)

References

54

(3)

4 DISEASE AND ILLNESS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY

57

(25)

Cardiovascular Diseases

59

(3)

Cancer

62

(8)

HIV/AIDS

70

(3)

Alzheimer's Disease

73

(1)

Mental Illness

74

(3)

Summary

77

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

78

(1)

Discussion Case

78

(2)

References

80

(2)

5 SOCIAL STRESS

82

(24)

Definition of Stress

82

(1)

Historical Development of the Stress Concept

82

(1)

A Model of Social Stress

83

(1)

Stressors

84

(7)

Appraisal of Stressors

91

(1)

Mediators of Stress: Coping and Social Support

92

(3)

Stress Outcomes

95

(1)

The Role of Social Class, Race, and Gender in Social Stress

96

(5)

Summary

101

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

101

(1)

Discussion Cases

102

(1)

References

103

(3)

PART III: HEALTH AND ILLNESS BEHAVIOR

106

6 HEALTH BEHAVIOR

106

(20)

The Concept of Health

106

(2)

Health Behavior

108

(1)

Describing Individual Health Behaviors

108

(5)

Explaining Health Behavior

113

(9)

Summary

122

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

122

(1)

Discussion Cases

123

(1)

References

123

(3)

7 ILLNESS AND SICK ROLE BEHAVIOR

126

(22)

Stages of Illness Experience

126

(1)

Stage 1: Symptom Experience

126

(3)

Stage 2: Assumption of the Sick Role--Illness as Deviance

129

(4)

Stage 3: Medical Care Contact/Self-Care

133

(9)

Stage 4: Dependent-Patient Role and Stage 5: Recovery and Rehabilitation

142

(2)

Summary

144

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

145

(1)

Discussion Question

145

(1)

References

146

(2)

PART IV: HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PATIENTS

148

8 PHYSICIANS AND THE PROFESSION OF MEDICINE

148

(25)

The Profession of Medicine

148

(4)

Professional Medical Associations

152

(1)

The Social Control of Medicine

153

(6)

The Number, Composition, and Distribution of Physicians in the United States

159

(5)

Female Physicians

164

(3)

Physician Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction

167

(1)

Physician Impairment: Stresses and Strains of the Physician Role

168

(1)

Summary

169

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

169

(1)

Discussion Case

170

(1)

References

170

(3)

9 MEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE SOCIALIZATION OF PHYSICIANS

173

(21)

The History of Medical Education

173

(2)

Modern Medical Education

175

(6)

The Premed Experience

181

(1)

The Medical School Experience: Attitude and Value Acquisition

181

(3)

The Medical School Experience: Stress

184

(3)

The Medical School Experience: Career Choices

187

(1)

Future Directions in U.S. Medical Education

188

(2)

Summary

190

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

190

(1)

Discussion Case

190

(1)

References

191

(3)

10 NURSES, MID-LEVEL HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS, AND ALLIED HEALTH WORKERS

194

(23)

Evolution of Nonphysician Health Care Practitioners

194

(3)

Nurses and the Field of Nursing

197

(7)

Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners

204

(3)

Allied Health Workers

207

(2)

The Health Care Team

209

(1)

Relationships Among Health Care Workers

210

(4)

The Changing Environment Among Health Care Workers

214

(1)

Summary

214

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

214

(1)

Discussion Question

215

(1)

References

215

(2)

11 ALTERNATIVE HEALERS AND ALTERNATIVE HEALING PRACTICES

217

(26)

Scientific Medicine and Alternative Healing

217

(1)

Alternative Healers

218

(4)

Chiropractic

222

(6)

Acupuncture

228

(2)

Spiritual Healing and Christian Science

230

(4)

Ethnic Folk Healing

234

(5)

Summary

239

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

239

(1)

Discussion Case

240

(1)

References

240

(3)

12 THE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: BACKGROUND AND MODELS

243

(25)

Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship

243

(3)

Key Dimensions of the Physician-Patient Relationship

246

(7)

The Influence of the Clinical Setting on the Physician-Patient Relationship

253

(1)

The Influence of Social Class, Race, and Symptomology on the Physician-Patient Relationship

254

(1)

The Influence of Gender on the Physician-Patient Relationship

255

(4)

Patient Satisfaction with Physicians

259

(2)

Patient Compliance with Medical Regimens

261

(1)

Summary

262

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

263

(1)

Discussion Cases

263

(1)

References

264

(4)

13 PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS OF PHYSICIANS IN THE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP

268

(18)

Truth-telling as an Issue

268

(4)

Confidentiality as an Issue

272

(3)

Obligation to Treat AIDS Patients

275

(6)

Summary

281

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

282

(1)

Discussion Cases

282

(1)

References

283

(3)

PART V: THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

286

(95)

14 THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES

286

(26)

Health Care Expenditures

286

(3)

Financing Health Care

289

(5)

America's Uninsured Population

294

(1)

Explaining the High Cost of Health Care

295

(4)

Cost Containment: DRGs, Rationing, and Managed Care

299

(7)

The Politics of Health Care Reform

306

(2)

Summary

308

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

309

(1)

Discussion Cases

309

(1)

References

309

(3)

15 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

312

(22)

The Emergence of Freestanding Ambulatory Care Sites

312

(4)

The Flourishing of Managed Care Systems: HMOs and PPOs

316

(3)

Emergence of the Modern Hospital

319

(10)

The Reemergence of Home Health Care

329

(2)

Summary

331

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

331

(1)

Discussion Case

332

(1)

References

332

(2)

16 THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY

334

(25)

Health Care Technology

335

(4)

The Right to Refuse or Demand Advanced Health Care Technology

339

(7)

Organ Donation and Transplantation

346

(5)

New Reproductive Technologies

351

(4)

Summary

355

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

355

(1)

Discussion Cases

356

(1)

References

357

(2)

17 COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS

359

(22)

Determinants of Health Care Policy

359

(3)

Types of Health Care Systems

362

(1)

People's Republic of China

363

(3)

Russia

366

(4)

Canada

370

(4)

Great Britain

374

(3)

Summary

377

(1)

Key Concepts and Terms

378

(1)

Discussion Question

378

(1)

References

378

(3)

NAME INDEX

381

(11)

SUBJECT INDEX

392

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