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9780534570606

Sociology The United States in a Global Community

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780534570606

  • ISBN10:

    0534570607

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1999-08-04
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Known for its ability to throughly integrate sociology into the world we live in, Ferrante's text gives students a foundation in the discipline as well as global examples that open up that perspective. SOCIOLOGY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, the leading global book for introductory sociology, interweaves examples from all over of the world into chapters on basic sociological concepts. Ferrante is careful to lay down a variety of different theories for the students, thus allowing them to see sociology from multiple perspectives. Each chapter draws examples from a different country to illustrate its points. The author's vivid writing style and use of unique and innovative examples make sociology highly understandable and applicable for students.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xxi
The Sociological Imaginationp. 2
Troubles, Issues, and Opportunities: The Sociological Imaginationp. 6
Social Relativity as a Key to Analyzing Opportunity Structuresp. 8
Transformative Powers of History and Opportunity Structuresp. 9
The Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Sociologyp. 9
The Nature of Workp. 10
The Nature of Interactionp. 11
Sociological Perspectives on Industrializationp. 11
Karl Marx (1818-1883)p. 11
Emile Durkheim (1858-1918)p. 13
Max Weber (1864-1920)p. 14
How the Discipline of Sociology Evolvesp. 16
What Is Sociology?p. 19
Why Study Sociology?p. 20
The Importance of a Global Perspectivep. 21
U.S. in Perspective: Top 20 Global Grossers of '98p. 24
Theoretical Perspectivesp. 26
With Emphasis on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico
The Functionalist Perspectivep. 30
Critique of Functionalismp. 32
Merton's Conceptsp. 33
The Functionalist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexicop. 34
The Conflict Perspectivep. 38
U.S. in Perspective: Frequently Asked Questions About Colonias in the United Statesp. 39
Critique of Conflict Theoryp. 42
The Conflict Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexicop. 43
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspectivep. 45
Critique of Symbolic Interactionp. 47
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexicop. 47
Research Methods in the Context of the Information Explosionp. 52
With Emphasis on Japan
The Information Explosionp. 57
The Scientific Methodp. 58
Defining the Topic for Investigationp. 59
Reviewing the Literaturep. 60
Identifying and Defining Core Conceptsp. 61
Choosing a Research Design and Data-Gathering Strategiesp. 61
U.S. in Perspective: Is the Trade Balance a Valid Measure of the Economic Relationship Between Japan and the United States?p. 70
Analyzing the Data and Drawing Conclusionsp. 73
Culturep. 80
With Emphasis on South Korea
The Challenge of Defining Culturep. 85
Material and Nonmaterial Componentsp. 86
Beliefsp. 86
Valuesp. 87
Normsp. 87
U.S. in Perspective: Group Study, Cheating, and the Korean Foreign Student Experiencep. 88
The Role of Geographic and Historical Forcesp. 91
The Transmission of Culturep. 92
The Role of Languagep. 92
The Importance of Individual Experiencesp. 94
Culture as a Tool for the Problems of Livingp. 95
Cultural Formulas for Hungerp. 95
U.S. in Perspective: The Importance of Cornp. 96
Cultural Formulas for Social Emotionsp. 97
U.S. in Perspective: Feeling Rules in Korea and the United Statesp. 98
The Relationship Between Material and Nonmaterial Culturep. 99
U.S. in Perspective: Cremation Statistics--United States and Canadap. 101
U.S. in Perspective: Opportunities for Cultural Diffusion Between Americans and South Koreansp. 102
Cultural Diffusionp. 102
U.S. in Perspective: Culture and the Pacific Rimp. 103
The Home Culture as the Standardp. 104
Ethnocentrismp. 106
Cultural Relativismp. 110
Subculturesp. 111
U.S. in Perspective: Foreign Influences on Professional Women's Basketball in the United Statesp. 114
Socializationp. 116
With Emphasis on Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza
Coming to Terms: The Palestinians and Israelisp. 120
U.S. in Perspective: Palestinian Migration Out of Palestinep. 125
Nature and Nurturep. 127
The Importance of Social Contactp. 128
Cases of Extreme Isolationp. 128
Children of the Holocaustp. 129
Less Extreme Cases of Extreme Isolationp. 129
Individual and Collective Memoryp. 130
The Role of Groupsp. 132
Primary Groupsp. 132
Ingroups and Outgroupsp. 133
Symbolic Interactionism and Self-Developmentp. 140
The Emergence of Self-Awarenessp. 140
Role Takingp. 141
The Looking-Glass Selfp. 143
Cognitive Developmentp. 144
Resocializationp. 146
Social Interaction and the Social Construction of Realityp. 150
With Emphasis on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Context of Social Interactionp. 155
Mechanical Solidarityp. 156
Organic Solidarityp. 157
The Congo in Transitionp. 159
Belgian Imperialism (1883-1960)p. 159
U.S. in Perspective: The Essay That Mark Twain Could Not Get Publishedp. 161
Independence of Zaire (1960-Present)p. 162
The Content of Social Interactionp. 165
Social Statusp. 166
Social Rolesp. 166
The Dramaturgical Model of Social Interactionp. 169
Impression Managementp. 169
Staging Behaviorp. 171
U.S. in Perspective: Imports and Exports of Blood and Blood Productsp. 173
Attribution Theoryp. 175
Explaining the Origin of HIVp. 175
Determining Who Is HIV-Infectedp. 178
Television: A Special Case of Reality Constructionp. 180
Social Organizationsp. 186
With Emphasis on McDonald's, a U.S.-Based Multinational Corporation with Operations in 111 Countries
Organizationsp. 192
The Multinational Corporation: Agent of Colonialism or Progress?p. 192
U.S. in Perspective: The World's Largest Global Corporations, 1997p. 193
U.S. in Perspective: The Prawn Aquaculture Casep. 196
Features of Modern Organizationsp. 199
Rationalization as a Tool in Modern Organizationsp. 199
The Concept of Bureaucracyp. 202
Factors That Influence Behavior in Organizationsp. 203
Formal Versus Informal Dimensions of Organizationsp. 203
Trained Incapacityp. 203
Statistical Records of Performancep. 204
Obstacles to Good Decision Makingp. 206
Expert Knowledge and Responsibilityp. 206
The Problems with Oligarchyp. 208
Alienation of Rank-and-File Workersp. 209
Deviance, Conformity, and Social Controlp. 214
With Emphasis on the People's Republic of China
The Role of Context in Defining Deviancep. 220
Deviance: The Violation of Normsp. 223
Socialization as a Means of Social Control: Preschool in China and in the United Statesp. 224
Reaction to Socialization of Another Culturep. 226
Mechanisms of Social Controlp. 227
Defining Deviance: The Functionalist Perspectivep. 228
Labeling Theoryp. 229
The Circumstances of the Falsely Accusedp. 231
Rule Makers and Rule Enforcersp. 232
Obedience to Authorityp. 235
The Constructionist Approachp. 236
Claims Makersp. 237
Structural Strain Theoryp. 237
U.S. in Perspective: Grounds for Divorce or Annulmentp. 240
Structural Strain in the United Statesp. 241
Structural Strain in Chinap. 242
Differential Association Theoryp. 244
U.S. in Perspective: Is There a Rationale for Control?p. 245
Factors That Shape U.S. and Chinese Systems of Social Controlp. 246
Social Stratificationp. 250
With Emphasis on South Africa
Social Categoriesp. 255
"Open" and "Closed" Stratification Systemsp. 257
Caste Systemsp. 257
Apartheid: A Caste System of Stratificationp. 258
Class Systemsp. 261
U.S. in Perspective: The South African Bill of Rightsp. 262
Does the United States Have a Class System?p. 264
U.S. in Perspective: Inequality in the United Statesp. 266
Mixed Systems: Class and Castep. 269
Theories of Stratificationp. 271
A Functionalist View of Stratificationp. 271
Critique of the Functionalist Perspectivep. 272
Analyses of Social Classp. 275
Karl Marx and Social Classp. 275
Max Weber and Social Classp. 277
U.S. in Perspective: Measuring Income Inequality Within the Fifty States and the District of Columbiap. 280
Race and Ethnicityp. 286
With Emphasis on Germany
Classifying People by Race in the United Statesp. 290
Classifying People by Ethnicity in the United Statesp. 293
U.S. in Perspective: The Complexity of North American and "Hispanic" Originsp. 294
The German System of Classificationp. 294
"Foreigners" in Germanyp. 295
Minority Groupsp. 297
Perspectives on Assimilationp. 300
Absorption Assimilationp. 300
Melting Pot Assimilationp. 302
Stratification Theory and Assimilationp. 305
Racist Ideologiesp. 305
U.S. in Perspective: Is There Such a Thing as Black Racism?p. 306
Prejudice and Stereotypingp. 307
Discriminationp. 309
Institutionalized Discriminationp. 313
Social Identity and Stigmap. 314
Mixed Contact Between the Stigmatized and the Dominant Populationp. 315
Responses to Stigmatizationp. 317
Genderp. 324
With Emphasis on American Samoa
Distinguishing Sex and Genderp. 328
Sex as a Biological Conceptp. 328
Gender as a Social Constructp. 330
Gender Polarizationp. 332
U.S. in Perspective: Gender Schemes in Educational Choicesp. 334
Social Emotions and the Mead-Freeman Controversyp. 338
Compliance and Resistance to Gender Polarizationp. 339
A Third Gender?p. 341
U.S. in Perspective: Hand-holding as an Expression of Affection (Not Homosexuality) Between Same-Sex Friendsp. 343
Gender Stratificationp. 344
Economic Arrangementsp. 344
Mechanisms of Perpetuating Gender Idealsp. 347
Socializationp. 347
Structural or Situational Constraintsp. 348
Situational Constraints on Mead and Freemanp. 349
Sexist Ideologyp. 351
Gender, Ethnicity, Race, and the Statep. 354
Economics and Politicsp. 360
With Emphasis on the United States
Social Institutionsp. 364
The Economyp. 365
The Agricultural Revolutionp. 365
The Industrial Revolutionp. 365
The Postindustrial Society and the Information Revolutionp. 367
Major Economic Systemsp. 367
Capitalismp. 367
Socialismp. 369
World System Theoryp. 370
The Roles of Core, Peripheral, and Semiperipheral Economiesp. 371
The U.S. Economyp. 371
A Strong Tertiary Sectorp. 372
Dominance of Large Corporationsp. 375
Decline in Union Membershipp. 375
Flexible Work Schedulesp. 376
Computer and Information Technologyp. 377
Political Systems and Powerp. 379
Forms of Governmentp. 380
Democracyp. 380
U.S. in Perspective: A Framework for Global Electronic Commercep. 381
Totalitarianismp. 381
The U.S. Political Systemp. 383
Participation in the Political Processp. 383
Power Elite Modelp. 383
Pluralist Modelp. 386
The Role of Governmentp. 387
Population and Family Lifep. 390
With Emphasis on Brazil
The Industrial Revolution and Family Eventsp. 394
Industrialization and Brazilp. 396
The Theory of Demographic Transitionp. 399
U.S. in Perspective: How Demographers Measure Changep. 400
High Birth and Death Ratesp. 400
The Transition Stagep. 402
Low Death Rates and Declining Birth Ratesp. 402
The "Demographic Transition" in Brazilp. 403
Death Ratesp. 403
Birth Ratesp. 404
Population Growthp. 405
Migrationp. 408
The Structure of Family Lifep. 410
The Consequences of Long Lifep. 411
The Status of Childrenp. 413
Urbanization and Family Lifep. 413
The Division of Labor Between Men and Womenp. 415
U.S. in Perspective: The Growth of Major Urban Centersp. 416
Educationp. 424
With Emphasis on Public Education in the United States
What Is Education?p. 428
Social Functions of Educationp. 429
Illiteracy in the United Statesp. 430
Insights from Foreign Education Systemsp. 431
The Development of Mass Education in the United Statesp. 431
Textbooksp. 432
Single-Language Instructionp. 433
Fundamental Characteristics of Contemporary American Educationp. 433
U.S. in Perspective: The Content of U.S. Math Lessonsp. 434
The Availability of Collegep. 434
U.S. in Perspective: How Many Get Their Bachelor's Degree?p. 436
Differences in Curriculump. 438
U.S. in Perspective: Percentage of Public School Districts with Graduation Requirements That Meet or Exceed NCEE Guidelinesp. 439
Differences in Fundingp. 440
Education-Based Programs to Solve Social Problemsp. 440
U.S. in Perspective: Percentage of School Funding That Comes from Local and Intermediate Sourcesp. 441
Ambiguity of Purpose and Valuep. 441
A Close-Up View: The Classroom Environmentp. 442
The Curriculump. 442
Trackingp. 444
Problems Faced by Teachersp. 447
The Social Context of Educationp. 449
Family Backgroundp. 449
Adolescent Subculturesp. 452
Religionp. 458
With Emphasis on the Islamic State of Afghanistan
What Is Religion? Weber's and Durkheim's Viewsp. 462
Beliefs About the Sacred and the Profanep. 464
Ritualsp. 466
Community of Worshipersp. 466
A Critique of Durkheim's Definition of Religionp. 472
Civil Religionp. 472
The Functionalist Perspectivep. 473
U.S. in Perspective: Freedom of Religious Expression in U.S. Prisonsp. 474
Society as the Object of Worshipp. 476
A Critique of the Functionalist View of Religionp. 477
The Conflict Perspectivep. 478
A Critique of the Conflict Perspective of Religionp. 479
Religion in a Polarized Societyp. 480
Max Weber: The Interplay Between Economics and Religionp. 481
Two Opposing Trends: Secularization and Fundamentalismp. 482
Secularizationp. 482
Fundamentalismp. 483
Social Changep. 488
With Emphasis on the Internet
Causes and Consequences of Social Changep. 493
Conflictp. 493
The Cold War Origin of the Internetp. 494
Structural Origins of Conflictp. 495
The Pursuit of Profitp. 496
World System Theoryp. 496
The Role of Capitalism in the Global Economyp. 498
Innovationsp. 499
The Cultural Base and the Rate of Changep. 502
Cultural Lagp. 503
Revolutionary Ideasp. 504
U.S. in Perspective: Pooling Resources and Talent to Create the Internetp. 505
The Internet and Changing Paradigms of Literacyp. 506
Key Conceptsp. 511
Referencesp. 525
Indexp. 551
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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