Sources of the Western Tradition Vol. 2 : From the Renaissance to the Present

by Perry, Marvin; Peden, Joseph R.; Von Laue, Theodore H.

• ISBN13: 9780618473878
• ISBN10: 0618473874
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-20
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

With a collection of 300 sources--each accompanied by an introductory essay and review questions--this two-volume primary source reader emphasizes the history of ideas. The Sixth Edition features additional sources by and about women, as well as new attention to documents dealing with social and cultural issues. This reader works as an accompaniment to any Western Civilization course, but makes an ideal companion for Perry's Western Civilization, 7/e, or Western Civilization: A Brief History, 5/e.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Prologue	xxi
Introduction: The Middle Ages and the Modern World	xxiii
Part One: Early Modern Europe	1	(94)
The Rise of Modernity	1	(28)
The Humanists' Fascination with Antiquity	5	(5)
Petrarch: The Father of Humanism	6	(1)
Leonardo Bruni: Study of Greek Literature and a Humanist Educational Program	7	(3)
Human Dignity	10	(2)
Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man	10	(2)
Break with Medieval Political Theory	12	(4)
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince	12	(4)
The Lutheran Reformation	16	(4)
Martin Luther: On Papal Power, Justification by Faith, the Interpretation of the Bible, and the Nature of the Clergy	16	(4)
Justification of Absolute Monarchy by Divine Right	20	(2)
Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture	20	(2)
A Secular Defense of Absolutism	22	(3)
Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan	23	(2)
The Triumph of Constitutional Monarchy in England: The Glorious Revolution	25	(4)
The English Declaration of Rights	26	(3)
The Scientific Revolution	29	(24)
The Copernican Revolution	32	(3)
Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres	32	(2)
Cardinal Bellarmine: Attack on the Copernican Theory	34	(1)
Expanding the New Astronomy	35	(3)
Galileo Galilei: The Starry Messenger	36	(2)
Critique of Authority	38	(4)
Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems--Ptolemaic and Copernican	38	(4)
Prophet of Modern Science	42	(2)
Francis Bacon: Attack on Authority and Advocacy of Experimental Science	42	(2)
The Circulation of the Blood	44	(2)
William Harvey: The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals	44	(2)
The Autonomy of the Mind	46	(4)
Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method	47	(3)
The Mechanical Universe	50	(3)
Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica	50	(3)
The Enlightenment	53	(42)
The Enlightenment Outlook	55	(2)
Immanuel Kant: What Is Enlightenment?	55	(2)
Political Liberty	57	(3)
John Locke: Second Treatise on Government	57	(2)
Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence	59	(1)
Attack on Religion	60	(8)
Voltaire: A Plea for Tolerance and Reason	61	(3)
Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason	64	(2)
Baron d'Holbach: Good Sense	66	(2)
Epistemology and Education	68	(3)
John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding	68	(2)
Claude Helvetius: Essays on the Mind and A Treatise on Man	70	(1)
Compendium of Knowledge	71	(3)
Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia	72	(2)
Rousseau: Political Reform	74	(3)
Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract	74	(3)
Humanitarianism	77	(6)
Caseare Beccaria: On Crimes and Punishments	78	(1)
John Howard: Prisons in England and Wales	79	(2)
Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia: ``Men and Their Liberty Are Not Objects of Commerce''	81	(1)
Marquis de Condorcet: The Evils of Slavery	82	(1)
Literature as Satire: Critiques of European Society	83	(12)
Voltaire: Candide	83	(3)
Denis Diderot: Supplement to the Voyage of Bouganville	86	(4)
Montesquieu: The Persian Letters	90	(1)
Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels	91	(4)
Part Two: Modern Europe	95	(208)
Era of the French Revolution	95	(29)
Abuses of the Old Regime	98	(3)
Grievances of the Third Estate	98	(2)
Emmanuel Sieyes: Bourgeois Disdain for Special Privileges of the Aristocracy	100	(1)
The Role of the Philosophes	101	(3)
Alexis de Tocqueville: Critique of the Old Regime	102	(2)
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity	104	(2)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens	104	(2)
Expansion of Human Rights	106	(7)
Mary Wollstonecraft: Vindication of the Rights of Woman	106	(4)
Society of the Friends of Blacks: Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade	110	(1)
Petition of the Jews of Paris, Alsace, and Lorraine to the National Assembly, January 28, 1790	111	(2)
The Jacobin Regime	113	(6)
Maximilien Robespierre: Republic of Virtue	114	(2)
Abbe Carrichon: The Guillotine	116	(2)
General Louis de Lignilres Turreau: Uprising in the Vendee	118	(1)
Napoleon: Destroyer and Preserver of the Revolution	119	(5)
Napoleon Bonaparte: Leader, General, Tyrant, Reformer	119	(5)
The Industrial Revolution	124	(21)
Early Industrialization	126	(4)
Edward Baines: Britain's Industrial Advantages and the Factory System	126	(3)
Adam Smith: The Division of Labor	129	(1)
The New Science of Political Economy	130	(4)
Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations	131	(1)
Thomas R. Malthus: On the Principle of Population	132	(2)
The Dark Side of Industrialization	134	(5)
Sadler Commission: Report on Child Labor	135	(2)
Friedrich Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England	137	(2)
Factory Discipline	139	(2)
Factory Rules	139	(2)
The Capitalist Ethic	141	(4)
Samuel Smiles: Self-Help and Thrift	142	(3)
Romanticism, Reaction, Revolution	145	(24)
Romanticism	147	(5)
William Wordsworth: Tables Turned	147	(1)
William Blake: Milton	148	(1)
Bettina Brentano von Arnim: Beethoven	149	(3)
Conservatism	152	(4)
Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France	152	(2)
Klemens von Metternich: The Odious Ideas of the Philosophes	154	(1)
Joseph de Maistre: Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions	155	(1)
Liberalism	156	(4)
Benjamin Constant: On the Limits of Popular Sovereignty	157	(1)
John Stuart Mill: On Liberty	158	(2)
Modern Nationalism	160	(3)
Ernst Moritz Arndt: The War of Liberation	160	(1)
Giuseppe Mazzini: Young Italy	161	(2)
1848: The Year of Revolutions	163	(6)
Alexis de Tocqueville: The June Days	164	(2)
Carl Schurz: Revolution Spreads to the German States	166	(3)
Thought and Culture in an Age of Science and Industry	169	(24)
Realism in Literature	170	(7)
Charles Dickens: Hard Times	171	(1)
Henrik Ibsen: A Doll's House	172	(5)
Theory of Evolution	177	(4)
Charles Darwin: Natural Selection	177	(4)
The Socialist Revolution	181	(7)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Communist Manifesto	182	(6)
The Evolution of Liberalism	188	(5)
Thomas Hill Green: Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract	188	(3)
Herbert Spencer: The Man Versus the State	191	(2)
Politics and Society, 1845--1914	193	(48)
The Lower Classes	195	(10)
Jeanne Bouvier: The Pains of Poverty	195	(3)
Nikolaus Osterroth: The Yearning for Social Justice	198	(3)
William Booth: In Darkest England	201	(2)
M. I. Pokrovskaya: Working Conditions for Women in Russian Factories	203	(2)
Prostitution	205	(8)
Henry Mayhew: Prostitution in Victorian London	205	(3)
Guy de Maupassant: The Odyssey of a Prostitute	208	(2)
William W. Sanger: Prostitution in Hamburg	210	(3)
Feminism and Antifeminism	213	(12)
John Stuart Mill: The Subjection of Women	214	(3)
Emmeline Pankhurst: Why We Are Militant	217	(3)
Hubertine Auclert: La Citoyenne	220	(1)
The Goncourt Brothers: On Female Inferiority	221	(1)
Almorth E. Wright: The Unexpurgated Case Against Woman Suffrage	222	(3)
German Racial Nationalism	225	(2)
Houston Stewart Chamberlain: The Importance of Race	226	(1)
Anti-Semitism: Regression to the Irrational	227	(11)
Hermann Ahlwardt: The Semitic Versus the Teutonic Race	229	(2)
Edouard Drumont: Jewish France	231	(1)
The Kishinev Pogrom, 1903	232	(3)
Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State	235	(3)
The Revolution of 1905 in Russia	238	(3)
George Capon and Ivan Vasimov: Petition to the Tsar	238	(3)
European Imperialism	241	(32)
The Spirit of British Imperialism	244	(9)
Cecil Rhodes: Confession of Faith	244	(2)
Joseph Chamberlain: The British Empire: Colonial Commerce and ``The White Man's Burden''	246	(2)
Karl Pearson: Social Darwinism: Imperialism Justified by Nature	248	(2)
John Atkinson Hobson: An Early Critique of Imperialism	250	(3)
European Rule in Africa	253	(15)
Cecil Rhodes and Lo Bengula: Imperialism in Practice	253	(2)
Winston S. Churchill: The Battle of Omdurman	255	(4)
Edmund Morel: The Black Man's Burden	259	(2)
Richard Meinertzhagen: An Embattled Colonial Officer in East Africa	261	(4)
Albert Schweitzer: A Concerned Doctor in Tropical Africa	265	(3)
British Rule in India	268	(5)
Lord Lytton: Speech to the Calcutta Legislature, 1878	269	(1)
Mohandas K. Gandhi: Passive Resistance	270	(3)
Modern Consciousness	273	(30)
The Overman and the Will to Power	274	(5)
Friedrich Nietzsche: The Will to Power and The Antichrist	275	(4)
The Unconscious	279	(3)
Sigmund Freud: The Unconscious and Civilization and Its Discontents	279	(3)
The Political Potential of the Irrational	282	(4)
Gustave Le Bon: Mass Psychology	283	(3)
Human Irrationality in the Modernist Novel	286	(10)
Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness	287	(4)
Franz Kafka: The Trial	291	(5)
Modern Art and the Questioning of Western Values	296	(7)
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti: Manifesto of Futurism	297	(2)
Tristan Tzara: Dada	299	(4)
Part Three: Western Civilization in Crisis	303	(176)
World War I	303	(39)
Militarism	305	(3)
Heinrich von Treitschke: The Greatness of War	305	(1)
Friedrich von Bernhardi: Germany and the Next War	306	(2)
Pan-Serbism: Nationalism and Terrorism	308	(2)
The Black Hand	308	(2)
War as Celebration: The Mood in European Capitals	310	(5)
Roland Doregeles: Paris: ``That Fabulous Day''	310	(1)
Stefan Zweig: Vienna: ``The Rushing Feeling of Fraternity''	311	(2)
Philipp Scheidemann: Berlin: ``The Hour We Yearned For''	313	(1)
Bertrand Russell: London: ``Average Men and Women Were Delighted at the Prospect of War''	314	(1)
Trench Warfare	315	(5)
Erich Maria Remarque: All Quiet on the Western Front	315	(3)
Siegfried Sassoon: Base Details	318	(1)
Wilfred Owen: Disabled	319	(1)
Women at War	320	(6)
Naomi Loughnan: Genteel Women in the Factories	320	(2)
Magda Trott: Opposition to Female Employment	322	(2)
Russian Women in Combat	324	(2)
The Paris Peace Conference	326	(5)
Woodrow Wilson: The Idealistic View	326	(3)
Georges Clemenceau: French Demands for Security and Revenge	329	(2)
The Bolshevik Revolution	331	(5)
Army Intelligence Report: The Breakdown of Military Discipline	332	(1)
N. N. Sukhanov: Trotsky Arouses the People	333	(2)
V.I. Lenin: The Call to Power	335	(1)
The War and European Consciousness	336	(6)
Paul Valery: Disillusionment	336	(1)
Erich Maria Remarque: The Lost Generation	337	(1)
Ernst von Salomon: Brutalization of the Individual	338	(1)
Sigmund Freud: A Legacy of Embitterment	339	(3)
Era of Totalitarianism	342	(54)
Modernize or Perish	345	(2)
Joseph Stalin: The Hard Line	346	(1)
Forced Collectivization	347	(4)
Joseph Stalin: Liquidation of the Kulaks	347	(1)
Lev Kopelev: Terror in the Countryside	348	(3)
Famine in Ukraine	351	(5)
Miron Dolot: Execution by Hunger	352	(4)
Soviet Indoctrination	356	(3)
A. O. Avdienko: The Cult of Stalin	356	(1)
Yevgeny Yevtushenko: Literature as Propaganda	357	(2)
Stalin's Terror	359	(8)
Nikita S. Khrushchev: Khrushchev's Secret Speech	359	(2)
Lev Razgon: True Stories	361	(6)
The Rise of Italian Fascism	367	(2)
Benito Mussolini: Fascist Doctrines	367	(2)
The Great Depression	369	(7)
Max Cohen: I Was One of the Unemployed	369	(3)
Heinrich Hauser: With Germany's Unemployed	372	(4)
The Rise of Nazism	376	(7)
Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf	376	(4)
Kurt G. W. Ludecke: The Demagogic Orator	380	(1)
Thomas Mann: An Appeal to Reason	381	(2)
The Leader-State	383	(2)
Ernst Huber: ``The Authority of the Fuhrer Is . . . All-Inclusive and Unlimited''	384	(1)
The Nazification of Culture and Society	385	(5)
Johannes Stark: ``Jewish Science'' Versus ``German Science''	385	(1)
Jakob Graf: Heredity and Racial Biology for Students	386	(1)
Louis P. Lochner: Book Burning	387	(1)
Joseph Roth: ``The Auto-Da-Fe of the Mind''	388	(2)
Persecution of the Jews	390	(6)
Hertha Nathorff: A German Jewish Doctor's Diary	391	(2)
Marta Appel: Memoirs of a German Jewish Woman	393	(3)
World War II	396	(53)
Prescient Observers of Nazi Germany	397	(5)
Horace Rumbold: ``Pacifism Is the Deadliest of Sins''	398	(2)
George S. Messersmith: ``The Nazis Were After . . . Unlimited Territorial Expansion''	400	(2)
The Anschluss, March 1938	402	(3)
Stefan Zweig: The World of Yesterday	403	(2)
The Munich Agreement	405	(5)
Neville Chamberlain: In Defense of Appeasement	405	(2)
Winston Churchill: ``A Disaster of the First Magnitude''	407	(3)
World War II Begins	410	(2)
Adolf Hitler: ``Poland Will Be Depopulated and Settled with Germans''	410	(2)
The Fall of France	412	(3)
Heinz Guderian: ``French Leadership . . . Could Not Graps the Significance of the Tank in Mobile Warfare''	412	(3)
The Battle of Britain	415	(2)
Winston Churchill: ``Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat''	415	(2)
Nazi Propaganda: for Volk, Fuhrer, and Fatherland	417	(4)
The Indoctrination of the German Solider	417	(4)
Stalingrad: A Turning Point	421	(8)
William Hoffman: Diary of a German Soldier	421	(4)
Anton Kuzmich Dragan: A Soviet Veteran Recalls	425	(2)
Joachim Wieder: Memories and Reassessments	427	(2)
The Holocaust	429	(6)
Hermann Graebe: Slaughter of Jews in the Ukraine	429	(2)
Rudolf Hoess: Commandant of Auschwitz	431	(2)
Y. Pfeffer: Concentration Camp Life and Death	433	(2)
D-Day, June 6, 1944	435	(3)
Historical Division, War Department: Omaha Beachhead	436	(2)
The End of the Third Reich	438	(11)
Nerin E. Gun: The Liberation of Dachau	439	(1)
Joseph Goebbels: ``The Morale of the German People, Both at Home and at the Front, Is Sinking Ever Lower''	440	(2)
Marie Neumann: ``We're in the Hands of a Mob, Not Soldiers, and They're All Drunk Out of Their Minds''	442	(3)
Adolf Hitler: Political Testament	445	(4)
Western Europe: The Dawn of a New Era	449	(30)
The Aftermath: Devastation and Demoralization	451	(4)
Stephen Spender: European Witness	451	(1)
Bruno Foa: Europe in Ruins	452	(3)
The Cold War	455	(4)
Winston Churchill: The ``Iron Curtain''	455	(2)
Nikita S. Khrushchev: Report to the Twentieth Party Congress	457	(2)
Communist Repression	459	(7)
Milovan Djilas: The New Class	460	(3)
Andor Heller: The Hungarian Revolution, 1956	463	(3)
The Twilight of Imperialism	466	(5)
Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Vietnam, September 2, 1945	466	(2)
Ndabaningi Sithole: Imperialism's Benefits by an Anti-Imperialist African	468	(3)
Germany Confronts Its Past	471	(8)
Hannah Vogt: The Burden of Guilt	472	(2)
Richard von Weizsacker: ``We Seek Reconciliation''	474	(2)
Elie Wiesel: Reflections of a Survivor	476	(3)
Part Four: The Contemporary World	479	(37)
The West in an Age of Globalism	479	(37)
The Collapse of Communism	481	(3)
Vaclav Havel: The Failure of Communism	481	(3)
Globalization: Patterns and Problems	484	(11)
Fareed Zakaria: ``Democracy Has Its Dark Sides''	485	(3)
Amy Chua: ``Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability''	488	(3)
Samuel P. Huntington: The Clash of Civilizations	491	(4)
Radical Islamic Terrorists	495	(13)
Abbas Amanat: ``Empowered Through Violence: The Reinvention of Islamic Extremism''	496	(7)
The Economist: ``Martyrdom and Murder''	503	(5)
Female Oppression	508	(8)
Nicholas D. Kristof: ``Girls for Sale''	508	(4)
Azar Nafisi: Islamic Fundamentalism: Women's Rights Denied	512	(4)
Enlargement of the European Union	516	(1)
Bertie Ahern, ``Enlargement Is About Opening Minds as Well as Borders''	516