SPSS Survival Manual

by Pallant, Julie

• ISBN13: 9780335216406
• ISBN10: 0335216404
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: Open University Press

Summary

The SPSS Survival Manual throws a lifeline to students and researchers grappling with the SPSS data analysis software. In this fully revised edition of her bestselling text, Julie Pallant guides you through the entire research process, helping you choose the right data analysis technique for your project. From the formulation of research questions, to the design of the study and analysis of data, to reporting the results, Julie discusses basic and advanced statistical techniques. She outlines each technique clearly, with step-by-step procedures for performing the analysis, a detailed guide to interpreting SPSS output and an example of how to present the results in a report. Statistical techniques covered include: Descriptive statistics Correlation Multiple regression Logistic regression Factor analysis T-tests Analysis of variance Multivariate analysis of variance Analysis of covariance Non-parametric tests For both beginners and experienced SPSS users in psychology, education, business, sociology, health and related disciplines, the SPSS Survival Manual is an essential guide. Illustrated with screen grabs, examples of output and tips, it is supported by a website with sample data and guidelines on report writing. This second edition includes new examples, a new section on logistic regression and fully integrated coverage of SPSS version 12.

Author Biography

Julie Pallant (Australia) lectures in statistics in the School of Mathematical Sciences at Swinburne University.

Table of Contents

Data files and website	xi
Introduction and overview	xii
Structure of this book	xiii
Using this book	xiii
Research tips	xv
Additional resources	xvi
Part One Getting started	1	(24)
Designing a study	3	(9)
Planning the study	3	(2)
Choosing appropriate scales and measures	5	(2)
Preparing a questionnaire	7	(3)
References	10	(2)
Preparing a codebook	12	(4)
Variable names	12	(2)
Coding responses	14	(1)
Coding open-ended questions	14	(2)
Getting to know SPSS	16	(9)
Starting SPSS	16	(1)
Opening an existing data file	16	(1)
Working with data files	17	(1)
SPSS windows	18	(4)
Menus	22	(1)
Dialogue boxes	22	(2)
Closing SPSS	24	(1)
Getting help	24	(1)
Part Two Preparing the data file	25	(22)
Creating a data file and entering data	27	(13)
Changing the SPSS `Options'	27	(3)
Defining the variables	30	(4)
Entering data	34	(1)
Modifying the data file	35	(3)
Data entry using Excel	38	(2)
Screening and cleaning the data	40	(7)
Step 1: Checking for errors	40	(3)
Step 2: Finding the error in the data file	43	(2)
Step 3: Correcting the error in the data file	45	(1)
Reference	46	(1)
Part Three Preliminary analyses	47	(66)
Descriptive statistics	49	(15)
Categorical variables	49	(1)
Continuous variables	50	(3)
Assessing normality	53	(5)
Checking for outliers	58	(4)
Additional exercises	62	(1)
References	63	(1)
Using graphs to describe and explore the data	64	(14)
Histograms	64	(2)
Bar graphs	66	(2)
Scatterplots	68	(2)
Boxplots	70	(2)
Line graphs	72	(2)
Editing a chart/graph	74	(1)
Importing charts/graphs into Word documents	75	(1)
Additional exercises	76	(2)
Manipulating the data	78	(12)
Calculating total scale scores	78	(4)
Transforming variables	82	(3)
Collapsing a continuous variable into groups	85	(1)
Collapsing the number of categories of a categorical variable	86	(2)
Additional exercises	88	(1)
Reference	89	(1)
Checking the reliability of a scale	90	(4)
Details of example	90	(2)
Interpreting the output from reliability	92	(1)
Presenting the results from reliability	92	(1)
Additional exercises	93	(1)
References	93	(1)
Choosing the right statistic	94	(19)
Overview of the different statistical techniques	94	(4)
The decision-making process	98	(6)
Key features of the major statistical techniques	104	(5)
References	109	(1)
Summary table of the characteristics of the main statistical techniques	110	(3)
Part Four Statistical techniques to explore relationships among variables	113	(82)
Techniques covered in Part Four	113	(1)
Revision of the basics	114	(5)
References	119	(2)
Correlation	121	(15)
Details of example	122	(1)
Preliminary analyses for correlation	123	(2)
Interpretation of output from correlation	125	(2)
Presenting the results from correlation	127	(1)
Obtaining correlation coefficients between groups of variables	128	(2)
Comparing the correlation coefficients for two groups	130	(2)
Testing the statistical significance of the difference between correlation coefficients	132	(3)
Additional exercises	135	(1)
Reference	135	(1)
Partial correlation	136	(4)
Details of example	136	(2)
Interpretation of output from partial correlation	138	(1)
Presenting the results from partial correlation	139	(1)
Additional exercises	139	(1)
References	139	(1)
Multiple regression	140	(20)
Major types of multiple regression	141	(1)
Assumptions of multiple regression	142	(2)
Details of example	144	(2)
Standard multiple regression	146	(9)
Hierarchical multiple regression	155	(2)
Interpretation of output from hierarchical multiple regression	157	(1)
Presenting the results from multiple regression	158	(1)
Additional exercises	158	(1)
References	159	(1)
Logistic regression	160	(12)
Assumptions	161	(1)
Details of example	162	(1)
Data preparation: coding of responses	162	(4)
Interpretation of output from logistic regression	166	(4)
Presenting the results from logistic regression	170	(1)
References	171	(1)
Factor analysis	172	(23)
Steps involved in factor analysis	173	(4)
Details of example	177	(1)
Procedure for factor analysis	178	(12)
Warning	190	(1)
Presenting the results from factor analysis	190	(2)
Additional exercises	192	(1)
References	193	(2)
Part Five Statistical techniques to compare groups	195	(105)
Techniques covered in Part Five	195	(1)
Assumptions	196	(2)
Type 1 error, Type 2 error and power	198	(1)
Planned comparisons/Post-hoc analyses	199	(2)
Effect size	201	(2)
References	203	(2)
T-tests	205	(9)
Independent-samples t-test	205	(4)
Paired-samples t-test	209	(4)
Additional exercises	213	(1)
Reference	213	(1)
One-way analysis of variance	214	(15)
One-way between-groups Anova with post-hoc tests	215	(5)
One-way between-groups Anova with planned comparisons	220	(3)
One-way repeated measures Anova	223	(4)
Additional exercises	227	(1)
References	228	(1)
Two-way between-groups Anova	229	(10)
Details of example	229	(4)
Interpretation of output from two-way Anova	233	(3)
Presenting the results from two-way Anova	236	(1)
Additional analyses if you obtain a significant interaction effect	236	(1)
Additional exercises	237	(1)
References	238	(1)
Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance	239	(8)
Details of example	239	(5)
Interpretation of output from mixed between-within Anova	244	(2)
Presenting the results from mixed between-within Anova	246	(1)
References	246	(1)
Multivariate analysis of variance	247	(16)
Details of example	248	(1)
Assumption testing	249	(6)
Performing Manova	255	(3)
Interpretation of output from Manova	258	(3)
Presenting the results from Manova	261	(1)
Additional exercises	261	(1)
References	261	(2)
Analysis of covariance	263	(23)
Uses of ANCOVA	263	(2)
Assumptions of ANCOVA	265	(2)
One-way ANCOVA	267	(10)
Two-way ANCOVA	277	(8)
References	285	(1)
Non-parametric statistics	286	(14)
Summary of techniques covered in this chapter	286	(1)
Chi-square	287	(4)
Mann-Whitney U Test	291	(1)
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test	292	(2)
Kruskal-Wallis Test	294	(2)
Friedman Test	296	(1)
Spearman's Rank Order Correlation	297	(1)
Additional exercises	298	(1)
References	299	(1)
Appendix Details of data files	300	(13)
Part A: Materials for survey.sav	302	(5)
Part B: Materials for experim.sav	307	(1)
Part C: Materials for staffsurvey.sav	308	(3)
Part D: Materials for sleep.sav	311	(2)
Recommended references	313	(3)
Index	316