State and Local Politics : Government by the People

by James MacGregor Burns; J. W. Peltason; Thomas E. Cronin

Edition:

9th

ISBN13:

9780136395683

ISBN10:

0136395686

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/1998

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference

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Summary

This best-selling, comprehensive paperback offers a coherent analysis of state and local government and politics. Provides current information on topics such as: who and what influences state policy developments; metropolitan reform strategies; the function and role of legislative committees; the politics of governors and state legislatures; how judges are chosen; and women in politics.

Preface

1 State and Local Politics: Who Governs?

(18)

The Location of Power

(3)

Analyzing Patterns of Power

(1)

Rule by a Few or Rule by the Many?

(2)

The Stakes in the Political Struggle

(6)

The Maze of Interests

(3)

Lobbyists at the Statehouse

(2)

Participation Patterns in Small and Medium-Sized Cities

(4)

The Role of Local Media

(1)

Apathy in Grass-Roots America

(1)

Civic Initiatives in Local Governments

(1)

Challenges for State and Local Governments

(2)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

2 American Federalism

(34)

Defining Federalism

(4)

Interpretations of Federalism

(1)

Alternatives to Federalism

(2)

Why Federalism?

(1)

The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism

(8)

Powers of the National Government

(3)

Powers of the States

(2)

Horizontal Federalism: Interstate Relations

(2)

The Role of the Federal Courts: Umpires of Federalism

(6)

McCulloch versus Maryland

(2)

An Expanding Role for the Federal Courts

(1)

The Great Debate--Centralists versus Decentralists

(3)

Federalism and the Use of Federal Grants

(2)

Types of Federal Grants

(1)

The Politics of Federal Grants

(1)

Regulatory Federalism and Federal Mandates

(2)

New Techniques of Federal Control

(1)

The Politics of Federalism

(3)

The Growth of Big Government

(2)

The Devolution Revolution--A Revolution or Just Rhetoric?

(1)

The Debate Continues

(4)

The Reemergence of the States

(1)

The Future of Federalism

(2)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

3 State Constitutions: Charters or Straitjackets?

(15)

The Roots of State Constitutions

(5)

Constitutional Rigidity and Evasion

(2)

Constitutions as Roadblocks

(1)

Getting Around the Constitution

(1)

The New Judicial Federalism

(1)

Amending State Constitutions

(4)

Legislative Proposals

(1)

Constitutional Revision in California

(1)

Initiative Petitions

(1)

Constitutional Conventions

(1)

The Politics of Constitutional Revision

(3)

Rhode Island Amends Its Constitution

(1)

Louisiana Revises Its Constitution

(1)

Changing the Hawaii Constitution

(1)

Arkansas's Eighth Constitutional Convention

(1)

Texas Keeps Its Old Constitution

(1)

A Constitution for "New Columbia"?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

4 Parties and Elections in the States

(23)

Electoral Politics in the States and Localities

(12)

Party Organization and Officers

(1)

Party Activities in Elections

(3)

Parties and Voting

(2)

Parties in State Government

(1)

Parties in Local Government

(1)

Party Balance and Imbalance

(1)

Elections at the State and Local Level

(8)

Differences in State Election Systems

(4)

Participation: Who Votes?

(1)

Campaign Finance

(1)

Voting Behavior

(2)

The Future of Grass-Roots Democracy

(1)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

5 State Legislatures

(31)

The Legislative Branch

(13)

What Do State Legislators Do?

(1)

Who Are the State Legislators?

(1)

What Influences State Legislators?

(8)

Modernization and Reform

106

(4)

Term Limits or Not?

107

(2)

Two Houses or One?

109

(1)

The Politics of Drawing Legislative District Lines

110

(4)

Enter the Federal Courts

111

(1)

One Person, One Vote

111

(1)

New Rules for Redrawing the Districts

112

(2)

Direct Legislation: Policy Making by the People

114

(5)

Initiative

115

(1)

Referendum

116

(1)

Recall

116

(1)

The Debate over Direct Democracy

117

(2)

Summary

119

(1)

Further Reading

120

(2)

6 State Governors

122

(25)

Rising Expectations of Governors

123

(1)

Becoming and Remaining Governor

124

(3)

Governors on the Spot

125

(1)

Reelection and Raising Taxes

126

(1)

A Governor's Formal Powers

127

(8)

Appointive Power

129

(1)

Fiscal and Budgetary Power

130

(1)

Veto Power

130

(1)

Executive Orders

131

(1)

Commander in Chief of the National Guard

132

(1)

Pardon Power

132

(1)

Policy-Making Influence

132

(3)

Managing the State

135

(6)

Influencing State Agencies

136

(2)

Modernizing State Government

138

(1)

Effects of Reorganization

139

(2)

Other Statewide Elected Officers

141

(3)

Lieutenant Governor

141

(1)

Attorney General

142

(1)

Secretary of State

143

(1)

Treasurer and Auditor

143

(1)

Other Officials

143

(1)

The Rewards of Being a Governor

144

(1)

Summary

144

(1)

Further Reading

145

(2)

7 Judges and Justice in the States

147

(26)

The Structure of State Courts

148

(4)

Minor Courts

148

(2)

Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction

150

(1)

Appellate Courts

150

(1)

State Courts and State Politics

151

(1)

How Judges Are Chosen

152

(7)

Appointment by the Governor and Election by the Legislature

152

(1)

Popular Election

153

(2)

Merit Selection: The Missouri Plan

155

(2)

The Appointive versus the Elective System

157

(2)

How Judges Are Judged

159

(1)

The Judicial Reform Movement

159

(1)

The Justice System

160

(10)

The Jury

161

(1)

The Prosecutor

162

(1)

Defense Counsel, Public Defenders, and Others

162

(1)

Victims and Defendants

163

(3)

Plea Bargaining

166

(1)

Sentencing

167

(1)

Probations and Prisons

168

(2)

Courts in Crisis

170

(1)

Summary

171

(1)

Futher Reading

171

(2)

8 Local Government and Metropolitics

173

(36)

The Nature of State and Local Relations

175

(1)

Counties in the United States

176

(4)

County Government

178

(1)

County Performance

179

(1)

Towns, Cities, Suburbs

180

(5)

Suburbs

182

(1)

Cities versus Suburbs: How Big Is the Contrast?

183

(1)

The Rise of "Edge Cities"

184

(1)

The American City Today

185

(7)

The Mayor-Council Charter

187

(1)

Strong Mayor/Weak Mayor Councils

188

(1)

The Commission Charter

189

(1)

The Council-Manager Charter

190

(2)

Role of the Mayor

192

(2)

Who Influences Local Policy Making?

194

(5)

Interest Groups in Cities

195

(2)

Grass-Roots Self-Help Movements

197

(2)

The Central City and Its Politics

199

(4)

The Challenge of Growth and Economic Development

200

(2)

Meeting the Needs of Central Cities

202

(1)

Strategies to Govern Metro Regions

203

(3)

The Politics of Metropolitan Reorganization

206

(1)

Summary

207

(1)

Further Reading

208

(1)

9 Making State and Local Policy

209

(33)

Education

209

(13)

Administration

211

(3)

Educational Issues

214

(5)

Funding Higher Education

219

(3)

Social Services

222

(5)

Welfare

223

(3)

Public Health

226

(1)

Safe Streets and Law Enforcement

227

(3)

The State Police

228

(1)

Other Police Forces

228

(1)

Federal-State Action

229

(1)

Planning the Urban Community

230

(2)

Zoning Laws

230

(1)

Controlling Growth

231

(1)

Environment

232

(1)

Transportation

233

(1)

Economic Development

234

(1)

Regulation

235

(3)

Public Utilities

236

(1)

Employers and Employees

237

(1)

How Do We Explain Policy Differences?

238

(1)

Summary

239

(1)

Further Reading

240

(2)

10 Staffing and Financing State and Local Governments

242

(24)

Public Employees: Essential to Government

243

(3)

Merit Systems

243

(1)

Public-Employee Unions

243

(3)

Providing Public Services for a Profit?

246

(1)

Paying for State and Local Government

246

(15)

Who Pays the Taxes?

248

(1)

General Property Tax

249

(4)

Other Taxes

253

(4)

Nontax Revenues

257

(3)

Borrowing Money

260

(1)

An Expanded Policy Role with Limited Resources and Balanced Budgets

261

(2)

Summary

263

(1)

Further Reading

264

(2)

Glossary

266

(5)

Notes

271

(16)

Index

287

State and Local Politics : Government by the People

9780136395683

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Table of Contents