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State and Local Politics : Government by the People,9780136395683

State and Local Politics : Government by the People

by James MacGregor Burns; J. W. Peltason; Thomas E. Cronin
Edition:
9th
ISBN13:

9780136395683

ISBN10:
0136395686
Format:
Paperback
Pub. Date:
1/1/1998
Publisher(s):
Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
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Summary

This best-selling, comprehensive paperback offers a coherent analysis of state and local government and politics. Provides current information on topics such as: who and what influences state policy developments; metropolitan reform strategies; the function and role of legislative committees; the politics of governors and state legislatures; how judges are chosen; and women in politics.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
1 State and Local Politics: Who Governs?
1(18)
The Location of Power
2(3)
Analyzing Patterns of Power
3(1)
Rule by a Few or Rule by the Many?
3(2)
The Stakes in the Political Struggle
5(6)
The Maze of Interests
6(3)
Lobbyists at the Statehouse
9(2)
Participation Patterns in Small and Medium-Sized Cities
11(4)
The Role of Local Media
12(1)
Apathy in Grass-Roots America
13(1)
Civic Initiatives in Local Governments
14(1)
Challenges for State and Local Governments
15(2)
Summary
17(1)
Further Reading
18(1)
2 American Federalism
19(34)
Defining Federalism
21(4)
Interpretations of Federalism
22(1)
Alternatives to Federalism
22(2)
Why Federalism?
24(1)
The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
25(8)
Powers of the National Government
26(3)
Powers of the States
29(2)
Horizontal Federalism: Interstate Relations
31(2)
The Role of the Federal Courts: Umpires of Federalism
33(6)
McCulloch versus Maryland
33(2)
An Expanding Role for the Federal Courts
35(1)
The Great Debate--Centralists versus Decentralists
36(3)
Federalism and the Use of Federal Grants
39(2)
Types of Federal Grants
40(1)
The Politics of Federal Grants
40(1)
Regulatory Federalism and Federal Mandates
41(2)
New Techniques of Federal Control
42(1)
The Politics of Federalism
43(3)
The Growth of Big Government
43(2)
The Devolution Revolution--A Revolution or Just Rhetoric?
45(1)
The Debate Continues
46(4)
The Reemergence of the States
47(1)
The Future of Federalism
48(2)
Summary
50(1)
Further Reading
51(2)
3 State Constitutions: Charters or Straitjackets?
53(15)
The Roots of State Constitutions
54(5)
Constitutional Rigidity and Evasion
55(2)
Constitutions as Roadblocks
57(1)
Getting Around the Constitution
57(1)
The New Judicial Federalism
58(1)
Amending State Constitutions
59(4)
Legislative Proposals
59(1)
Constitutional Revision in California
60(1)
Initiative Petitions
61(1)
Constitutional Conventions
62(1)
The Politics of Constitutional Revision
63(3)
Rhode Island Amends Its Constitution
63(1)
Louisiana Revises Its Constitution
64(1)
Changing the Hawaii Constitution
64(1)
Arkansas's Eighth Constitutional Convention
65(1)
Texas Keeps Its Old Constitution
65(1)
A Constitution for "New Columbia"?
66(1)
Summary
66(1)
Further Reading
67(1)
4 Parties and Elections in the States
68(23)
Electoral Politics in the States and Localities
69(12)
Party Organization and Officers
73(1)
Party Activities in Elections
73(3)
Parties and Voting
76(2)
Parties in State Government
78(1)
Parties in Local Government
79(1)
Party Balance and Imbalance
80(1)
Elections at the State and Local Level
81(8)
Differences in State Election Systems
82(4)
Participation: Who Votes?
86(1)
Campaign Finance
86(1)
Voting Behavior
87(2)
The Future of Grass-Roots Democracy
89(1)
Summary
89(1)
Further Reading
90(1)
5 State Legislatures
91(31)
The Legislative Branch
93(13)
What Do State Legislators Do?
96(1)
Who Are the State Legislators?
97(1)
What Influences State Legislators?
98(8)
Modernization and Reform
106(4)
Term Limits or Not?
107(2)
Two Houses or One?
109(1)
The Politics of Drawing Legislative District Lines
110(4)
Enter the Federal Courts
111(1)
One Person, One Vote
111(1)
New Rules for Redrawing the Districts
112(2)
Direct Legislation: Policy Making by the People
114(5)
Initiative
115(1)
Referendum
116(1)
Recall
116(1)
The Debate over Direct Democracy
117(2)
Summary
119(1)
Further Reading
120(2)
6 State Governors
122(25)
Rising Expectations of Governors
123(1)
Becoming and Remaining Governor
124(3)
Governors on the Spot
125(1)
Reelection and Raising Taxes
126(1)
A Governor's Formal Powers
127(8)
Appointive Power
129(1)
Fiscal and Budgetary Power
130(1)
Veto Power
130(1)
Executive Orders
131(1)
Commander in Chief of the National Guard
132(1)
Pardon Power
132(1)
Policy-Making Influence
132(3)
Managing the State
135(6)
Influencing State Agencies
136(2)
Modernizing State Government
138(1)
Effects of Reorganization
139(2)
Other Statewide Elected Officers
141(3)
Lieutenant Governor
141(1)
Attorney General
142(1)
Secretary of State
143(1)
Treasurer and Auditor
143(1)
Other Officials
143(1)
The Rewards of Being a Governor
144(1)
Summary
144(1)
Further Reading
145(2)
7 Judges and Justice in the States
147(26)
The Structure of State Courts
148(4)
Minor Courts
148(2)
Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction
150(1)
Appellate Courts
150(1)
State Courts and State Politics
151(1)
How Judges Are Chosen
152(7)
Appointment by the Governor and Election by the Legislature
152(1)
Popular Election
153(2)
Merit Selection: The Missouri Plan
155(2)
The Appointive versus the Elective System
157(2)
How Judges Are Judged
159(1)
The Judicial Reform Movement
159(1)
The Justice System
160(10)
The Jury
161(1)
The Prosecutor
162(1)
Defense Counsel, Public Defenders, and Others
162(1)
Victims and Defendants
163(3)
Plea Bargaining
166(1)
Sentencing
167(1)
Probations and Prisons
168(2)
Courts in Crisis
170(1)
Summary
171(1)
Futher Reading
171(2)
8 Local Government and Metropolitics
173(36)
The Nature of State and Local Relations
175(1)
Counties in the United States
176(4)
County Government
178(1)
County Performance
179(1)
Towns, Cities, Suburbs
180(5)
Suburbs
182(1)
Cities versus Suburbs: How Big Is the Contrast?
183(1)
The Rise of "Edge Cities"
184(1)
The American City Today
185(7)
The Mayor-Council Charter
187(1)
Strong Mayor/Weak Mayor Councils
188(1)
The Commission Charter
189(1)
The Council-Manager Charter
190(2)
Role of the Mayor
192(2)
Who Influences Local Policy Making?
194(5)
Interest Groups in Cities
195(2)
Grass-Roots Self-Help Movements
197(2)
The Central City and Its Politics
199(4)
The Challenge of Growth and Economic Development
200(2)
Meeting the Needs of Central Cities
202(1)
Strategies to Govern Metro Regions
203(3)
The Politics of Metropolitan Reorganization
206(1)
Summary
207(1)
Further Reading
208(1)
9 Making State and Local Policy
209(33)
Education
209(13)
Administration
211(3)
Educational Issues
214(5)
Funding Higher Education
219(3)
Social Services
222(5)
Welfare
223(3)
Public Health
226(1)
Safe Streets and Law Enforcement
227(3)
The State Police
228(1)
Other Police Forces
228(1)
Federal-State Action
229(1)
Planning the Urban Community
230(2)
Zoning Laws
230(1)
Controlling Growth
231(1)
Environment
232(1)
Transportation
233(1)
Economic Development
234(1)
Regulation
235(3)
Public Utilities
236(1)
Employers and Employees
237(1)
How Do We Explain Policy Differences?
238(1)
Summary
239(1)
Further Reading
240(2)
10 Staffing and Financing State and Local Governments
242(24)
Public Employees: Essential to Government
243(3)
Merit Systems
243(1)
Public-Employee Unions
243(3)
Providing Public Services for a Profit?
246(1)
Paying for State and Local Government
246(15)
Who Pays the Taxes?
248(1)
General Property Tax
249(4)
Other Taxes
253(4)
Nontax Revenues
257(3)
Borrowing Money
260(1)
An Expanded Policy Role with Limited Resources and Balanced Budgets
261(2)
Summary
263(1)
Further Reading
264(2)
Glossary 266(5)
Notes 271(16)
Index 287


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