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9780131497559

Statistics

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780131497559

  • ISBN10:

    0131497553

  • Edition: 10th
  • Format: Hardcover w/CD
  • Copyright: 2009-01-01
  • Publisher: Pearson College Div
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List Price: $134.67

Summary

This resource emphasizes statistical inference and sound decision-making through its extensive coverage of data collection and analysis. As in earlier editions, it helps develop statistical thinking and promotes inference assessment- from the vantage point of both the consumer and the producer. Includes new Three-phased Examples that contain three components: "problem," "solution," and "look back." Provides Now Work exercises that follow each example, suggesting an end-of-section exercise that is similar in style and concept to the example. Offers new Chapter Summary Notes along with end-of- chapter material. Provides new Critical Thinking Challenges.A comprehensive resource for anyone who needs to improve their understanding of statistics.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Applications Index xviii
Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking
2(26)
The Science of Statistics
4(1)
Types of Statistical Applications
4(2)
Fundamental Elements of Statistics
6(6)
Types of Data
12(2)
Collecting Data
14(3)
The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking
17(11)
USA Weekend Teen Surveys--Are Boys Really from Mars and Girls from Venus?
3(21)
Using Technology: Creating and Listing Data Using MINITAB
24(4)
Methods for Describing Sets of Data
28(90)
Describing Qualitative Data
30(11)
Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data
41(13)
Summation Notation
54(1)
Numerical Measures of Central Tendency
55(12)
Numerical Measures of Variability
67(5)
Interpreting the Standard Deviation
72(9)
Numerical Measures of Relative Standing
81(4)
Methods for Detecting Outliers (Optional)
85(10)
Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)
95(6)
Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Techniques
101(17)
The ``Eye Cue'' Test: Does Experience Improve Performance?
29(85)
Using Technology: Describing Data Using MINITAB
114(4)
Probability
118(70)
Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability
120(13)
Unions and Intersections
133(4)
Complementary Events
137(2)
The Additive Rule and Mutually Exclusive Events
139(6)
Conditional Probability
145(3)
The Multiplicative Rule and Independent Events
148(13)
Random Sampling
161(4)
Some Additional Counting Rules (Optional)
165(9)
Bayes's Rule (Optional)
174(14)
Lotto Buster!
119(67)
Using Technology: Generating a Random Sample Using MINITAB
186(2)
Discrete Random Variables
188(48)
Two Types of Random Variables
190(3)
Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables
193(5)
Expected Values of Discrete Random Variables
198(6)
The Binomial Random Variable
204(14)
The Poisson Random Variable (Optional)
218(6)
The Hypergeometric Random Variable (Optional)
224(12)
Probability in a Reverse Cocaine Sting
189(45)
Using Technology: Binomial, Poisson, and Hypergeometric Probabilities Using MINITAB
234(2)
Continuous Random Variables
236(54)
Continuous Probability Distributions
238(1)
The Uniform Distribution
238(5)
The Normal Distribution
243(18)
Descriptive Methods for Assessing Normality
261(8)
Approximating a Binomial Distribution with a Normal Distribution (Optional)
269(7)
The Exponential Distribution (Optional)
276(14)
Super Weapons Development---Optimizing the Hit Ratio
237(49)
Using Technology: Cumulative Probabilities for Continuous Random Variables and Normal Probability Plots Using MINITAB
286(4)
Sampling Distributions
290(30)
The Concept of a Sampling Distribution?
292(6)
Properties of Sampling Distributions: Unbiasedness and Minimum Variance
298(5)
The Sampling Distribution of x and the Central Limit Theorem
303(17)
Statistics in Action: The Insomnia Pill
291(26)
Using Technology: Simulating a Sampling Distribution Using MINITAB
317(3)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Estimation with Confidence Intervals
320(48)
Identifying the Target Parameter
321(1)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
322(10)
Small-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
332(11)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
343(7)
Determining the Sample Size
350(18)
Statistics in Action: Speed---Improving the Sprint Times of High School Football Players
321(43)
Using Technology: Confidence Intervals Using MINITAB
364(4)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Tests of Hypothesis
368(60)
The Elements of a Test of Hypothesis
369(7)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean
376(7)
Observed Significance Levels: p-Values
383(7)
Small-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean
390(7)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Proportion
397(7)
Calculating Type II Error Probabilities: More About β (Optional)
404(8)
Test of Hypothesis About a Population Variance (Optional)
412(16)
Statistics in Action: Diary of a Kleenex® User
369(55)
Using Technology: Tests of Hypothesis Using MINITAB
424(4)
Inferences Based on a Two Samples: Confidence Intervals and Tests of Hypotheses
428(84)
Identifying the Target Parameter
430(1)
Comparing Two Population Means: Independent Sampling
430(23)
Comparing Two Population Means: Paired Difference Experiments
453(15)
Comparing Two Population Proportions: Independent Sampling
468(11)
Determining the Sample Size
479(4)
Comparing Two Population Variances: Independent Sampling (Optional)
483(29)
Statistics in Action: Detection of Rigged Milk Prices
429(79)
Using Technology: Two Sample Inferences Using MINITAB
508(4)
Analysis of Variance: Comparing More Than Two Means
512(78)
Elements of a Designed Experiment
514(6)
The Completely Randomized Design
520(17)
Multiple Comparisons of Means
537(8)
The Randomized Block Design
545(15)
Factorial Experiments
560(30)
Statistics in Action: On the Trail of the Cockroach
513(73)
Using Technology: Analysis of Variance Using MINITAB
586(4)
Simple Linear Regression
590(70)
Probabilistic Models
592(3)
Fitting the Model: The Least Squares Approach
595(16)
Model Assumptions
611(2)
An Estimator of σ2
613(3)
Assessing the Utility of the Model: Making Inferences About the Slope β1
616(8)
The Coefficient of Correlation
624(1)
The Coefficient of Determination
624(11)
Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction
635(9)
A Complete Example
644(16)
Statistics in Action: Can Dowsers Really Detect Water?
591(66)
Using Technology: Simple Linear Regression Using MINITAB
657(3)
Multiple Regression and Model Building
660(122)
Multiple Regression Models
662(2)
The First-Order Model: Estimating and Interpreting the β-Parameters
664(6)
Inferences About the β-Parameters and the Overall Model Utility
670(14)
Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction
684(6)
Model Building: Interaction Models
690(8)
Model Building: Quadratic and other Higher-Order Models
698(11)
Model Building: Qualitative (Dummy) Variable Models
709(7)
Model Building: Models with both Quantitative and Qualitative Variables (Optional)
716(9)
Model Building: Comparing Nested Models (Optional)
725(10)
Model Building: Stepwise Regression (Optional)
735(5)
Residual Analysis: Checking the Regression Assumptions
740(18)
Some Pitfalls: Estimability, Multicollinearity, and Extrapolation
758(24)
Statistics in Action: Moleling Condominium Sale Prices
661(118)
Using Technology: Multiple Regression Using MINITAB
779(3)
Categorical Data Analysis
782(38)
Categorical Data and the Multinomial Experiment
783(2)
Testing Categorical Probabilities: One-Way Table
785(9)
Testing Categorical Probabilities: Two-Way (Contingency) Table
794(17)
A Word of Caution About Chi-Square Tests
811(9)
Statistics in Action: A Study of Coupon Users---Mall versus the Internet
783(36)
Using Technology: Chi-Square Analyses Using MINITAB
819(1)
Nonparametric Statistics
820(98)
Introduction: Distribution-Free Tests
821(2)
Single Population Inferences
823(7)
Comparing Two Populations: Independent Samples
830(8)
Comparing Two Populations: Paired Difference Experiment
838(9)
Comparing Three or More Populations: Completely Randomized Design
847(6)
Comparing Three or More Populations: Randomized Block Design
853(6)
Rank Correlation
859(22)
Deadly Exposure: Agent Orange and Vietnam Vets
821(55)
Using Technology: Nonparametric Tests Using MINITAB
876(5)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Tables
881(33)
Table I Random Numbers
882(3)
Table II Binomial Probabilities
885(4)
Table III Poisson Probabilities
889(5)
Table IV Normal Curve Areas
894(1)
Table V Exponentials
895(1)
Table VI Critical Values of t
896(1)
Table VII Critical Values of X2
897(2)
Table VIII Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .10
899(2)
Table IX Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .05
901(2)
Table X Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .025
903(2)
Table XI Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .01
905(2)
Table XII Critical Values of TL and TU for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Independent Samples
907(1)
Table XIII Critical Values of T0 in the Wilcoxon Paired Difference Signed Rank Test
908(1)
Table XIV Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient
909(1)
Table XV Critical Values of the Studentized Range, α = .05
910(2)
Table XVI Critical Values of the Studentized Range, α = .01
912(2)
Appendix B Calculation Formulas for Analysis of Variance
914(4)
Short Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Exercises 918(9)
Index 927

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