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The Structure of Argument

by Rottenberg; Winchell

Edition:

7th

ISBN13:

9780312650698

ISBN10:

0312650698

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

8/3/2011

Publisher(s):

Bedford/St. Martin's

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Summary

The Structure of Argumentcovers critical thinking, reading, writing, and research. It is concise but thorough and presents everything students need in an affordable, compact format. The Structure of Argumentincludes questions, exercises, and writing assignments, and a full semester's worth of readings. Now presenting Aristotelian and Rogerian as well as Toulmin argument, it includes many fresh readings and additional support for academic writing to help students stake their claim. Its emphasis on Toulmin argument makes Structure highly teachable, since the approach fits with the goals of the composition course. An electronic edition is available at half the price of the print book.

Preface

Part One: Understanding Argument

1. Approaches To Argument

    *Aristotelian Rhetoric
     *Sample Essay With Analysis: Aristotelian
          *Juan Williams, Don’t Mourn Brown v. Board Of Education

    *Rogerian Argument
          Joe Sharkey, Airport Screeners Could See X-Rated X-Rays
          Chris Kapper, Freedom to Live Trumps All!
    *Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian
          *Michael Kinsley, Racial Profiling At The Airport: Discrimination We’re Afraid to Be

Against

The Toulmin Model
The Terms of Toulmin Argument

          The Claim
          The Support
          The Warrant

    Writer’s Guide: Learning the Key Terms
    Sample Essay with Analysis: Toulmin
          Robert J. Samuelson, The Hard Truth of Immigration

    Assignments for Understanding the Structure of Argument
    Research Readiness: Using Databases

2. Critical Reading

     Pre-reading
    Research Skill: Examining Author, Subject, and Context
          Charles Krauthammer, Let’s Have No More Monkey Trials

    Comprehension
    Strategies for Comprehending Arguments

     Sample Annotated Essay
          Edward Jay Epstein, Sex And The Cinema

    Writer’s Guide: Annotating a Text
    Research Skill: Summarizing
    Evaluation
    Sample Annotated Essay

Alfie Kohn, No-Win Situations

*Stephanie Fairyington, The Gay Option

    Critical Listening
    Reading a Visual Argument
    Assignments for Critical Reading
    Research Readiness: Skimming and Summarizing

3. Analytical Writing

Writing the Claim
*Roger Kaplan, Enabling Ignorance

    Planning the Structure
    Using Sentence Forms to Construct an Argument
    Providing Support
    Writer’s Guide: Incorporating Quotations into Your Text
    Documenting Your Sources
    Writer’s Guide: Documenting Use of Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation

    Avoiding Plagiarism

    Examining Some Models

    Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Fact

          *Eric Jaffe, Reality Check
    Student Analytical Response: Claim of Fact
          *Deion Moore, Psychoanalyzing Reality TV
    Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Value
          *Noam Shpancer, The Meaning Of Reality (TV)

    Student Analytical Response: Claim of Value
          *Ashley Wilson, The Meaning Of Shpancer (Really)

    Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian Argument

Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, Parents Need Help: Restricting Access To Video Games

Readings for Analysis

          Alan M. Dershowitz, Is There a Torturous Road to Justice?
          Seth Finkelstein, Alan Dershowitz’s Tortuous Torturous Argument
          *Barbara A. Spellman, Could Reality Shows Become Reality Experiments?
     *Debate: Should We all Pledge to End Derogatory Use of the Word “Retard”?
          *Patricia E. Bauer, A Movie, a Word and My Family’s Battle
          *Christopher M. Fairman, The Case Against Banning The Word “Retard”

    Assignments for Analytical Writing
    Research Readiness: Incorporating Quotations

Part Two: Analyzing the Elements

4. Definition

    The Purposes of Definition
    Defining the Terms in Your Argument
     Methods for Defining Terms
    The Definition Essay
    Writer’s Guide: Writing a Definition Essay
    Sample Annotated Essay

Brian Whitaker, The Definition of Terrorism

Readings for Analysis

          *Stanley Fish, When Is a Cross a Cross?
          *William Deresiewicz, Faux Friendship
          *Guy-Uriel Charles, Stop Calling Quake Victims Looters

Debate: Is the Definition of Marriage Changing?

Howard Moody, Gay Marriage Shows Why We Need To Separate Church and State
Jo Ann Citron, Will It Be Marriage or Civil Union?

Assignments for Understanding Definition
Research Readiness: Using Encyclopedias

5. Claims

Claims of Fact

    Sample Essay: Claim of Fact
          Robert J. Samuelson, Picking Sides for the News
    Claims of Value
    Sample Essay: Claim of Value
          Roger Ebert, Crash
    Claims of Policy
    Sample Annotated Essay: Claim of Policy
          Elisha Dov Hack, College Life Versus My Moral Code

Readings for Analysis

          Richard Hayes, Supersize Your Child?
          Wesley Morris, “Saw” Good at Tying Things in Knots
          *Amy Kamenetz, Take This Internship and Shove It
     *Debate: What Is the Social Responsibility of Business?
          *John Mackey, Putting Customers Ahead of Investors
          *T. J. Rodgers, Put Profits First

Assignments for Understanding Claims
Research Readiness: Acknowledging Reliable Authorities

6. Support

    Types of Support: Evidence and Appeals to Needs and Values
    Evidence
    Research Skill: Evaluation of Evidence
    Appeals to Needs and Values
    Evaluation of Appeals to Needs and Values
    Writer’s Guide: Using Effective Support
    Sample Annotated Essay

          *Louis Uchitelle, American Dream Is Elusive for New Generation

Sample Essay with Analysis

          Hal R. Varian, The True Cost Of SUVs
          Bethany Royce, The True Confusion about SUV Costs

    Sample Student Essay

Kristen Weinacker, Safer? Tastier? More Nutritious? The Dubious Merits Of Organic Foods

Readings for Analysis

          Bernard Goldberg, Connecting The Dots... To Terrorism
          *Charles Murray, Abolish the SAT
          Theodora Ooms, Marriage-Plus

Debate: Is Assuming the Role of Citizen Journalist Worth the Risk?

Lily Yulianti, Praise For Student’s Footage Of Virginia Tech Mass Killing

Mark Memmott with Alan Levin and Greg Livadas, Disaster Photos: Newsworthy or

Irresponsible?

Assignments for Providing Support
Research Readiness: Using Books for Support

7. Warrants

     What Are Warrants?
          Robert A. Sirico, An Unjust Sacrifice
     Types of Warrants
    Sample Annotated Essay
          Michael Levin, The Case for Torture
    Writer’s Guide: Recognizing Warrants

Readings for Analysis

          Eric Auchard, We’re All Celebrities in Post-Privacy Age
          *Careerbuilder.com, Don’t Jump [Advertisement]
          *Jeff Jacoby, What’s Wrong With Price Gouging?
          *BackBayalltheWay, Response To Jacoby
    *Debate: Is Recycling Plastic Good Stewardship or Bad Business?
          *John Trotti, Why Let Stewardship Get in the Way of a Quick Buck?
          *Sharon Kneiss, Argument for Recycling is Strong

Assignments for Analyzing Warrants
Research Readiness: Identifying Reliable Authorities

8. Logic

    Induction
    Sample Essay: An Inductive Argument
          Richard Rothstein, True Or False: Schools Fail Immigrants
    Deduction
    Sample Annotated Essay: A Deductive Argument
          David Von Drehle, It’s All About Him
    Common Fallacies
    Writer’s Guide: Avoiding Logical Fallacies
    Readings for Analysis
          *Adolf Hitler, On Nation And Race
          *Leon Seltzer and David Niose, Teen Sex: The “Holy”--vs. Humanistic-- Approach
          Jennifer Grossman, Food For Thought (and for Credit)
    Debate: Should the Federal Government Fund Embryonic Stem-Cell Research?
          Anna Quindlen, A New Look, an Old Battle
          Mona Charen, The Misleading Debate On Stem-Cell Research

Assignments for Avoiding Flawed Logic
Research Readiness: Using Up-to-Date Data

9. Language

    The Power of Words
          Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address To Congress, December 8, 1941
    Connotation
    Slanting
          Newman P. Birk and Genevieve B. Birk, Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language
    Picturesque Language

    Concrete and Abstract Language
    Short Cuts
    Sample Annotated Essay
          George W. Bush, President’s Address to the Nation, September 11, 2006
    Writer’s Guide: Choosing Your Words Carefully
    Readings for Analysis
        *William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
          *Jacob Neusner, The Speech The Graduates Didn’t Hear
          *R. Cort Kirkwood, Driving Home Their Point
    Debate: Does the Government Have the Right to Regulate Guns?
        Warren E. Burger, The Right To Bear Arms
          Roger D. McGrath, A God-Given Natural Right

    Assignments for Choosing Fair and Precise Language
    Research Readiness: Following a Research Trail

Part Three: Researching, Writing, and Presenting Arguments

10. The Argumentative Paper: Planning and Research

    Finding an Appropriate Topic
    Initiating Research
    Writer’s Guide: Keeping Your Research on Track
    Mapping Research: A Sample Outline
    Using Sources: Primary Research
    Using Sources: Secondary Research
    Evaluating Source
    Taking Notes
    Documenting Your Research (MLA System)
    Documenting Your Research (APA System)
    Wrapping Up Research

11. The Argumentative Paper: Writing and Documentation

    Organizing the Material
    Writing
    The MLA System for Citing Sources
    Revising
    Preparing the Manuscript
    Writer’s Guide: Checklist for Argumentative Papers
    Sample Research Paper (MLA Style)
          *Kathleen Hedden, Competitive Foods and the Obesity Epidemic
    The APA System for Citing Sources
    Sample Research Paper (APA Style)
          Angela Mathers, The Controversy Over Women In Combat

12. Oral Argument

    The Audience
    Credibility
    Organization
    Language
    Support
    Presentation Aids
    Sample Persuasive Speech
          C. Renzi Stone, Live Longer And Healthier: Stop Eating Meat!
    Reading for Analysis
          Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have A Dream

Glossary
Index of Subjects
Index of Authors and Titles

*=new

The Structure of Argument

9780312650698

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Table of Contents