Structure & Function of the Body - Soft Cover Version

by Thibodeau & Patton

• ISBN13: 9780323022422
• ISBN10: 0323022421
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-10-24
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

The 12th edition of this popular text continues to build on the solid foundation of previous versions, and its updated full-color illustration program, centralized themes, easy-to-understand language, and solid pedagogical features provide a clear structure for student learning. Elaborate full-color illustrations, centralized themes, simplistic language, and solid learning features encourage reader comprehension of the material. Over 330 illustrations visually clarify difficult concepts. Cadaver photos provide a true visualization of the human body. Vocabulary Terms are provided at the end of each chapter, bolded within the text, and located in the Comprehensive Glossary at the end of the text. Readers can evaluate their own mastery of chapter content by doing the Collaborative Learning Activities and completing the Chapter Test and Review Questions. A Medical Abbreviations, Prefixes, and Suffixes appendix provides quick reference to common terms. Objectives clearly detail what the reader should learn from the chapter. The Outline Summary at the end of each chapter gives the reader a succinct recap of important content. The clear, straightforward writing style makes content easy to read and understand. Health and Well Being, Clinical Application, and Research, Issues, and Trends boxes help readers to apply what they have learned. Study Tips are listed at the end of each chapter, ensuring reading comprehension and review. Chemistry of Life chapter provides a solid introduction to important chemistry information. Quick Check boxes offer students the chance to check their basic reading comprehension at the end of each passage. Science Applications boxes summarize the professions that make use of the concepts in each chapter to improve our quality of life.

Author Biography

Gary A. Thibodeau, PhD: Chancellor Emeritus and Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin Kevin T. Patton, PhD: Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Saint Charles Community College, Saint Peters, Missouri; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Physiology, Saint Louis University Medical School, Missouri

Table of Contents

1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BODY,	1	(19)
Structural Levels of Organization,	2	(2)
Anatomical Position,	4	(1)
Anatomical Directions,	4	(3)
Planes or Body Sections,	7	(1)
Body Cavities,	8	(3)
Body Regions,	11	(3)
The Balance of Body Functions,	14	(6)
2 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE,	20	(20)
Levels of Chemical Organization,	21	(2)
Atoms,	22	(1)
Elements, Molecules, and Compounds,	22	(1)
Chemical Bonding,	23	(2)
Ionic Bonds,	23	(1)
Covalent Bonds,	24	(1)
Inorganic Chemistry,	25	(4)
Water,	25	(2)
Acids, Bases, and Salts,	27	(2)
Organic Chemistry,	29	(11)
Carbohydrates,	29	(1)
Lipids,	29	(3)
Proteins,	32	(1)
Nucleic Acids,	33	(7)
3 CELLS AND TISSUES,	40	(38)
Cells,	42	(6)
Size and Shape,	42	(1)
Composition,	42	(1)
Parts of the Cell,	42	(5)
Relationship of Cell Structure and Function,	47	(1)
Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes,	48	(5)
Passive Transport Processes,	49	(2)
Active Transport Processes,	51	(2)
Cell Reproduction and Heredity,	53	(5)
DNA Molecule and Genetic Information,	53	(2)
Cell Division,	55	(3)
Tissues,	58	(20)
Epithelial Tissue,	58	(4)
Connective Tissue,	62	(3)
Muscle Tissue,	65	(3)
Nervous Tissue,	68	(10)
4 ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY,	78	(20)
Organ Systems of the Body,	80	(12)
Integumentary System,	80	(1)
Skeletal System,	80	(3)
Muscular System,	83	(1)
Nervous System,	83	(1)
Endocrine System,	84	(1)
Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System,	85	(1)
Lymphatic System,	85	(2)
Respiratory System,	87	(1)
Digestive System,	88	(1)
Urinary System,	88	(1)
Reproductive System,	89	(3)
The Body as a Whole,	92	(6)
5 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM AND BODY MEMBRANES,	98	(22)
Classification of Body Membranes,	98	(4)
Epithelial Membranes,	100	(2)
Connective Tissue Membranes,	102	(1)
The Skin,	102	(18)
Structure of the Skin,	102	(4)
Appendages of the Skin,	106	(4)
Functions of the Skin,	110	(1)
Burns,	111	(9)
6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM,	120	(36)
Functions of the Skeletal System,	120	(2)
Support,	122	(1)
Protection,	122	(1)
Movement,	122	(1)
Storage,	122	(1)
Hemopoiesis,	122	(1)
Types of Bones,	122	(1)
Structure of Long Bones,	122	(1)
Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage,	123	(2)
Bone Formation and Growth,	125	(2)
Divisions of Skeleton,	127	(15)
Axial Skeleton,	130	(5)
Appendicular Skeleton,	135	(7)
Differences Between a Man's and a Woman's
Skeleton,	142	(1)
Joints (Articulations),	143	(13)
Kinds of Joints,	144	(12)
7 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM,	156	(28)
Muscle Tissue,	158	(1)
Structure of Skeletal Muscle,	159	(2)
Microscopic Structure,	159	(2)
Functions of Skeletal Muscle,	161	(1)
Movement,	161	(1)
Posture,	162	(1)
Heat Production,	162	(1)
Fatigue,	162	(1)
Role of Other Body Systems in Movement,	162	(1)
Motor Unit,	163	(1)
Muscle Stimulus,	163	(1)
Types of Skeletal Muscle Contraction,	164	(1)
Twitch and Tetanic Contractions,	164	(1)
Isotonic Contraction,	164	(1)
Isometric Contraction,	164	(1)
Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles,	164	(2)
Skeletal Muscle Groups,	166	(7)
Muscles of the Head and Neck,	166	(5)
Muscles That Move the Upper Extremities,	171	(1)
Muscles of the Trunk,	171	(1)
Muscles That Move the Lower Extremities,	172	(1)
Movements Produced by Skeletal Muscle Contractions,	173	(11)
8 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM,	184	(42)
Organs and Divisions of the Nervous System,	186	(1)
Cells of the Nervous System,	187	(2)
Neurons,	187	(1)
Glia,	187	(2)
Nerves,	189	(1)
Reflex Arcs,	190	(3)
Nerve Impulses,	193	(1)
The Synapse,	193	(3)
Central Nervous System,	196	(12)
Divisions of the Brain,	196	(6)
Spinal Cord,	202	(3)
Coverings and Fluid Spaces of the Brain and Spinal Cord,	205	(3)
Peripheral Nervous System,	208	(2)
Cranial Nerves,	208	(1)
Spinal Nerves,	208	(2)
Autonomic Nervous System,	210	(16)
Functional Anatomy,	211	(2)
Autonomic Conduction Paths,	213	(1)
Sympathetic Nervous System,	214	(1)
Parasympathetic Nervous System,	214	(1)
Autonomic Neurotransmitters,	215	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System as a Whole,	216	(10)
9 THE SENSES,	226	(24)
Classification of Sense Organs,	228	(1)
Converting a Stimulus into a Sensation,	228	(1)
General Sense Organs,	228	(3)
Special Sense Organs,	231	(19)
The Eye,	231	(7)
The Ear,	238	(4)
The Taste Receptors,	242	(1)
The Smell Receptors,	243	(7)
10 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM,	250	(30)
Mechanisms of Hormone Action,	252	(5)
Nonsteroid Hormones,	255	(1)
Steroid Hormones,	256	(1)
Regulation of Hormone Secretion,	257	(1)
Prostaglandins,	257	(1)
Pituitary Gland,	258	(3)
Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones,	259	(1)
Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones,	260	(1)
Hypothalamus,	261	(1)
Thyroid Gland,	261	(1)
Parathyroid Glands,	262	(2)
Adrenal Glands,	264	(4)
Adrenal Cortex,	264	(2)
Adrenal Medulla,	266	(2)
Pancreatic Islets,	268	(2)
Female Sex Glands,	270	(1)
Male Sex Glands,	270	(2)
Thymus,	272	(1)
Placenta,	272	(1)
Pineal Gland,	272	(1)
Other Endocrine Structures,	272	(8)
11 BLOOD,	280	(18)
Blood Composition,	282	(8)
Blood Plasma,	282	(1)
Formed Elements,	283	(1)
Red Blood Cells,	283	(3)
White Blood Cells,	286	(1)
Platelets and Blood Clotting,	287	(3)
Blood Types,	290	(8)
ABO System,	290	(1)
Rh System,	291	(7)
12 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM,	298	(36)
Heart,	300	(11)
Location, Size, and Position,	300	(1)
Anatomy,	300	(3)
Heart Sounds,	303	(1)
Blood Flow Through the Heart,	303	(2)
Blood Supply to the Heart Muscle,	305	(1)
Cardiac Cycle,	305	(3)
Conduction System of the Heart,	308	(1)
Electrocardiogram,	308	(3)
Blood Vessels,	311	(2)
Types,	311	(1)
Structure,	312	(1)
Functions,	313	(1)
Circulation,	313	(5)
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation,	313	(2)
Hepatic Portal Circulation,	315	(3)
Fetal Circulation,	318	(1)
Blood Pressure,	318	(6)
Understanding Blood Pressure,	318	(4)
Factors That Influence Blood Pressure,	322	(1)
Fluctuations in Blood Pressure,	323	(1)
Pulse,	324	(10)
13 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY,	334	(24)
The Lymphatic System,	336	(5)
Lymph and Lymph Vessels,	336	(1)
Lymph Nodes,	336	(2)
Thymus,	338	(2)
Tonsils,	340	(1)
Spleen,	341	(1)
The Immune System,	341	(3)
Functions of the Immune System,	341	(1)
Nonspecific Immunity,	342	(1)
Specific Immunity,	342	(2)
Immune System Molecules,	344	(2)
Antibodies,	344	(1)
Complement Proteins,	344	(2)
Immune System Cells,	346	(12)
Phagocytes,	346	(1)
Lymphocytes,	347	(11)
14 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM,	358	(30)
Structural Plan,	360	(3)
Respiratory Tracts,	363	(1)
Respiratory Mucosa,	363	(1)
Nose,	364	(1)
Pharynx,	364	(3)
Larynx,	367
Trachea,	338	(32)
Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli,	370	(1)
Lungs and Pleura,	370	(1)
Respiration,	371	(8)
Mechanics of Breathing,	373	(2)
Exchange of Gases in Lungs,	375	(2)
Exchange of Gases in Tissues,	377	(1)
Volumes of Air Exchanged in Pulmonary Ventilation,	377	(2)
Regulation of Respiration,	379	(2)
Cerebral Cortex,	380	(1)
Receptors Influencing Respiration,	381	(1)
Types of Breathing,	381	(7)
15 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM,	388	(30)
Wall of the Digestive Tract,	390	(2)
Mouth,	392	(2)
Teeth,	394	(2)
Typical Tooth,	394	(2)
Salivary Glands,	396	(1)
Pharynx,	397	(1)
Esophagus,	397	(1)
Stomach,	397	(3)
Small Intestine,	400	(2)
Liver and Gallbladder,	402	(2)
Pancreas,	404	(1)
Large Intestine,	404	(3)
Appendix,	407	(1)
Peritoneum,	407	(1)
Extensions,	407	(1)
Digestion,	408	(3)
Carbohydrate Digestion,	409	(1)
Protein Digestion,	409	(1)
Fat Digestion,	410	(1)
Absorption,	411	(7)
16 NUTRITION AND METABOLISM,	418	(16)
Role of the Liver,	420	(1)
Nutrient Metabolism,	420	(4)
Carbohydrate Metabolism,	420	(3)
Fat Metabolism,	423	(1)
Protein Metabolism,	423	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals,	424	(1)
Metabolic Rates,	424	(4)
Body Temperature,	428	(6)
17 THE URINARY SYSTEM,	434	(20)
Kidneys,	437	(4)
Location,	437	(1)
Internal Structure,	437	(1)
Microscopic Structure,	438	(1)
Function,	438	(3)
Formation of Urine,	441	(3)
Control of Urine Volume,	443	(1)
Ureters,	444	(1)
Urinary Bladder,	444	(1)
Urethra,	445	(2)
Micturition,	447	(7)
18 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE,	454	(16)
Body Fluids,	456	(1)
Body Fluid Compartments,	457	(1)
Mechanisms That Maintain Fluid Balance,	458	(6)
Regulation of Fluid Intake,	459	(1)
Importance of Electrolytes in Body Fluids,	460	(2)
Capillary Blood Pressure and Blood Proteins,	462	(2)
Fluid Imbalances,	464	(6)
19 ACID-BASE BALANCE,	470	(16)
pH of Body Fluids,	472	(1)
Mechanisms That Control pH of Body Fluids,	472	(7)
Buffers,	473	(2)
Respiratory Mechanism of pH Control,	475	(2)
Urinary Mechanism of pH Control,	477	(2)
pH Imbalances,	479	(7)
Metabolic and Respiratory Disturbances,	479	(1)
Vomiting,	480	(6)
20 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS,	486	(28)
Common Structural and Functional Characteristics Between the Sexes,	488	(1)
Male Reproductive System,	488	(8)
Structural Plan,	488	(1)
Testes,	489	(4)
Reproductive Ducts,	493	(1)
Accessory or Supportive Sex Glands,	494	(1)
External Genitals,	495	(1)
Female Reproductive System,	496	(10)
Structural Plan,	496	(1)
Ovaries,	496	(3)
Reproductive Ducts,	499	(1)
Accessory or Supportive Sex Glands,	500	(1)
External Genitals,	501	(1)
Menstrual Cycle,	502	(4)
Summary of Male and Female Reproductive Systems,	506	(8)
21 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT,	514	(25)
Prenatal Period,	516	(8)
Fertilization to Implantation,	516	(5)
Periods of Development,	521	(1)
Formation of the Primary Germ Layers,	521	(1)
Histogenesis and Organogenesis,	521	(2)
Birth Defects,	523	(1)
Birth or Parturition,	524	(3)
Stages of Labor,	524	(3)
Postnatal Period,	527	(3)
Infancy,	528	(1)
Childhood,	528	(1)
Adolescence and Adulthood,	529	(1)
Older Adulthood,	530	(1)
Effects of Aging,	530	(9)
Skeletal System,	530	(2)
Integumentary System (Skin),	532	(1)
Urinary System,	532	(1)
Respiratory System,	532	(1)
Cardiovascular System,	532	(1)
Special Senses,	533
Appendixes
A Body Mass Index,	539	(1)
B Common Medical Abbreviations, Prefixes, and Suffixes,	540	(2)
Chapter Test Answers,	542
Glossary,	G-1
Photo Credits,	C-1