Structures (4th Ed)

by Schodek, Daniel L.

• ISBN13: 9780130278210
• ISBN10: 0130278211
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL PTR

Summary

"This text contains coverage of all the major topics of structural analysis in both a qualitative and quantitative manner. It is a useful resource for architects, constructors, and engineers, and is a great teaching tool for many courses at the graduate and undergraduate levels. This presentation of physical principles founded in the field of mechanics can be used by designers and builders as an aid to understanding the behavior of existing structural forms and in devising new approaches."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

PART I INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS	1	(130)
Structures: An Overview	2	(26)
Introduction	2	(1)
General Types of Structures	3	(11)
Primary Classifications	3	(5)
Primary Structural Elements	8	(3)
Primary Structural Units and Aggregations	11	(3)
Basic Issues in the Analysis and Design of Structures	14	(5)
Fundamental Structural Phenomena	14	(1)
Structural Stability	15	(3)
Members in Tension, Compression, Bending, Sheer, Torsion, and Bearing: An Introduction	18	(1)
Funicular Structures: Arches, Cables, and Related Forms	19	(8)
Basic Characteristics	19	(1)
Structural Behavior	20	(7)
Other Classifications	27	(1)
Questions	27	(1)
Principles of Mechanics	28	(68)
Introduction	28	(1)
Forces and Moments	29	(10)
Analysis Objectives and Processes	29	(1)
Forces	30	(1)
Scalar and Vector Quantities	31	(1)
Parallelogram of Forces	31	(2)
Resolution and Composition of Forces	33	(2)
Statically Equivalent Systems	35	(1)
Moments	35	(4)
Equilibrium	39	(21)
Equilibrium of a Particle	39	(1)
Equilibrium of a Rigid Body	39	(3)
Applied and Reactive Forces	42	(16)
Complete Static Analyses	58	(2)
Internal Forces and Moments	60	(19)
Axial Forces (Tension and Compression)	60	(1)
Shear and Moment	61	(2)
Distribution of Shears and Moments	63	(15)
Relations among Load, Shear, and Moment in Structures	78	(1)
Introduction to Stresses	79	(5)
Mechanical Properties of Materials	84	(6)
Introduction	84	(1)
General Load-Deformation Properties of Materials	84	(1)
Elasticity	84	(4)
Strength	88	(1)
Other Material Properties	89	(1)
Deformations in Tension and Compression Members	90	(6)
Questions	92	(4)
Introduction to Structural Analysis and Design	96	(35)
Analysis and Design Criteria	96	(2)
Loads on Structures	98	(12)
Introduction	98	(1)
Static Forces	98	(3)
Wind Loads	101	(3)
Earthquake Forces	104	(5)
Load Combinations	109	(1)
The General Analysis Process	110	(21)
Basic Steps	110	(2)
Modeling the Structure	112	(3)
Modeling the External Loads	115	(15)
Questions	130	(1)
PART II ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS	131	(318)
Trusses	132	(52)
Introduction	132	(1)
General Principles	133	(3)
Triangulation	133	(2)
Member Forces: Qualitative Analyses	135	(1)
Analysis of Trusses	136	(30)
Stability	136	(3)
Member Forces: General	139	(2)
Equilibrium of Joints	141	(11)
Equilibrium of Sections	152	(5)
Shears and Moments in Trusses	157	(1)
Statically Indeterminate Trusses	158	(2)
Use of Special Tensile Members: Cables	160	(1)
Space Trusses	161	(3)
Joint Rigidity	164	(1)
Computer-Aided Methods of Analysis	164	(2)
Design of Trusses	166	(18)
Objectives	166	(1)
Configurations	167	(8)
Depths of Trusses	175	(2)
Member Design Issues	177	(4)
Planar Versus Three-Dimensional Trusses	181	(1)
Questions	182	(2)
Funicular Structures: Cables and Arches	184	(45)
Introduction to Funicular Structures	184	(1)
General Principles of Funicular Shapes	185	(1)
Analysis and Design of Cable Structures	185	(15)
Introduction	185	(5)
Suspended Cable Structures: Concentrated Loads	190	(4)
Suspended Cables: Uniformly Distributed Loads	194	(3)
General Funicular Equation	197	(1)
Cable Lengths	198	(1)
Wind Effects	199	(1)
Design of Cable Structures	200	(7)
Simple Suspension Cables	200	(2)
Double-Cable Systems	202	(3)
Cable-Stayed Structures	205	(2)
Analysis and Design of Arches	207	(22)
Masonry Arches	207	(1)
Parabolic Rigid Arches: Uniformly Distributed Loadings	208	(2)
Funicular Arches: Point Loadings	210	(2)
Design of Arch Structures	212	(3)
Three-Hinged Arches	215	(10)
Comparisons between Fixed Two-Hinged and Three-Hinged Arches	225	(3)
Questions	228	(1)
Members in Bending: Simple Beams	229	(70)
Introduction	229	(1)
General Principles	230	(7)
Beams in Buildings	230	(2)
Basic Stress Distributions	232	(5)
Analysis of Beams	237	(31)
Bending Stresses	237	(13)
Lateral Buckling of Beams	250	(2)
Shear Stresses	252	(6)
Bearing Stresses	258	(1)
Torsion	259	(2)
Shear Center	261	(1)
Deflections	262	(3)
Principal Stresses	265	(1)
Finite-Element Analyses	266	(2)
Design of Beams	268	(31)
General Design Principles	268	(7)
Design of Timber Beams	275	(4)
Steel Beams	279	(5)
Reinforced Concrete Beams: General Principles	284	(2)
Reinforced Concrete Beams: Design and Analysis Principles	286	(2)
Reinforced Concrete Beams: Detailed U.S. Design Procedures	288	(6)
Prestressing and Post-Tensioning	294	(3)
Questions	297	(2)
Members in Compression: Columns	299	(25)
Introduction	299	(1)
General Principles	300	(2)
Analysis of Compression Members	302	(12)
Short Columns	302	(2)
Long Columns	304	(10)
Design of Compression Members	314	(10)
General Design Principles	314	(5)
Column Sizes	319	(1)
Timber Columns	319	(1)
Steel Columns	320	(2)
Reinforced Concrete Columns	322	(1)
Questions	323	(1)
Continuous Structures: Beams	324	(24)
Introduction	324	(1)
General Principles	324	(4)
Rigidity	327	(1)
Force Distributions	327	(1)
Analysis of Indeterminate Beams	328	(10)
Approximate Versus Exact Methods of Analysis	328	(1)
Approximate Methods of Analysis	329	(2)
Effects of Variations in Member Stiffness	331	(3)
Effects of Support Settlements	334	(2)
Effects of Partial-Loading Conditions	336	(2)
Design of Indeterminate Beams	338	(10)
Introduction	338	(1)
Design Moments	338	(2)
Shaping Continuous Beams	340	(2)
Use of Pinned Joints	342	(1)
Controlling Moment Distributions	342	(2)
Continuous Beams Made of Reinforced Concrete	344	(2)
Questions	346	(2)
Continuous Structures: Rigid Frames	348	(31)
Introduction	348	(1)
General Principles	349	(3)
Analysis of Rigid Frames	352	(16)
Methods of Analysis	352	(7)
Importance of Relative Beam and Column Stiffnesses	359	(1)
Sidesway	360	(2)
Support Settlements	362	(1)
Effects of Partial-Loading Conditions	362	(2)
Multistory Frames	364	(2)
Vierendeel Frames	366	(2)
Design of Rigid Frames	368	(11)
Introduction	368	(1)
Selection of Frame Type	369	(1)
Design Moments	370	(3)
Shaping of Frames	373	(2)
Member and Connection Design	375	(1)
General Considerations	375	(2)
Questions	377	(2)
Plate and Grid Structures	379	(34)
Introduction	379	(1)
Grid Structures	380	(3)
Plate Structures	383	(10)
One-Way Plate Structures	383	(2)
Two-Way Plate Structures	385	(8)
Design of Two-Way Systems: General Objectives for Plate, Grid, and Space-Frame Structures	393	(2)
Design of Reinforced Concrete Plates	395	(9)
Space-Frame Structures	404	(3)
Folded-Plate Structures	407	(6)
Questions	411	(2)
Membrane and Net Structures	413	(16)
Introduction	413	(1)
Pneumatic Structures	414	(10)
Background	414	(4)
Air-Supported Structures	418	(4)
Air-Inflated Structures	422	(1)
Other Considerations	423	(1)
Analysis and Design of Net and Tent Structures	424	(5)
Curvatures	425	(1)
Support Conditions	426	(1)
Form Finding	427	(1)
Materials	427	(1)
Questions	428	(1)
Shell Structures	429	(20)
Introduction	429	(2)
Spherical Shell Structures	431	(14)
Introduction	431	(1)
Membrane Action in Shell Surfaces	432	(2)
Types of Forces in Spherical Shells	434	(2)
Meridional Forces in Spherical Shells	436	(1)
Hoop Forces in Spherical Shells	437	(1)
Distribution of Forces	438	(1)
Concentrated Forces	439	(1)
Support Conditions: Tension and Compression Rings	439	(4)
Other Considerations	443	(2)
Cylindrical Shells	445	(1)
Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells	446	(3)
Questions	448	(1)
PART III PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN	449	(97)
Structural Grids and Patterns: General Planning and Design	451	(40)
Introduction	451	(1)
Common Grids	452	(3)
General Characteristics of Structural Hierarchies	455	(13)
One-Way Systems	455	(3)
Two-Way Systems	458	(2)
Relation to Roof Shape	460	(1)
Relations between Span Length and Structure Type	460	(6)
Relations between Loading Type and Structure Type	466	(1)
Concentrated Versus Distributed Structures	467	(1)
Imposed Constraints: Fire Safety Requirements	467	(1)
Design Issues	468	(23)
Relation of Structure to Functional Spaces	468	(1)
Space-Forming Characteristics	469	(5)
One-Way Versus Two-Way Systems: Impact of Grid Geometry and Dimensions	474	(3)
Effects of Local Geometrical Conditions	477	(3)
Varying Support Locations	480	(1)
Nonuniform Grids	480	(1)
Accommodating Large Spaces	481	(2)
Accommodating Special Conditions	483	(4)
Meeting of Structural Grids	487	(4)
Structural Systems: Design for Lateral Loadings	491	(26)
Lateral Forces: Effects on the Design of Structures	491	(13)
Basic Design Issues: Low- and Medium-Rise Structures	491	(9)
Multistory Construction	500	(4)
Earthquake Design Considerations	504	(13)
General Principles	504	(2)
General Design and Planning Considerations	506	(4)
General Characteristics of Earthquake-Resistant Structures	510	(3)
Materials	513	(1)
Stiffness Issues	513	(2)
Nonstructural Elements	515	(1)
New Approaches: Base Isolation Systems and Other Techniques	515	(1)
Questions	516	(1)
Structural Systems: Constructional Approaches	517	(19)
Introduction	517	(1)
Wood Construction	518	(4)
Reinforced Concrete Construction	522	(7)
Steel Construction	529	(3)
Foundations and Retaining Walls	532	(4)
Questions	535	(1)
Structural Connections	536	(10)
Introduction	536	(1)
Basic Joint Geometries	536	(1)
Basic Types of Connectors	537	(9)
Bolts and Rivets	541	(2)
Welded Joints	543	(1)
Questions	544	(2)
Appendices	546	(31)
1 Conversions	546	(1)
2 Nonconcurrent Force Systems	546	(1)
3 Centroids	546	(3)
4 Moments of Inertia	549	(4)
A-4-1 General Formulation	549	(1)
A-4-2 Parallel-Axis Theorem	550	(2)
A-4-3 Negative Areas	552	(1)
5 Bending Stresses in Beams	553	(1)
6 Shearing Stresses in Beams	554	(2)
7 Moment-Curvature Relations	556	(1)
8 Deflections	557	(2)
A-8-1 General Differential Equation	557	(1)
A-8-2 Deflections: Double-Integration Method	557	(2)
9 Moment-Area Theorems: Slopes and Deflections	559	(3)
10 Other Methods of Analyzing Indeterminate Structures	562	(1)
11 Critical Buckling Loads for Compression Members	563	(1)
12 Computer-Based Methods of Analysis: Force and Matrix Displacement Techniques	564	(7)
13 Finite-Element Techniques	571	(3)
14 Properties	574	(1)
15 Typical Material Properties	575	(2)
Index	577