Study Orchestration 3E Cl

by Adler,Samuel

• ISBN13: 9780393975727
• ISBN10: 039397572X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-04-12
• Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Summary

Through two highly successful editions, The Study of Orchestration has set the standard for orchestration texts, providing the most comprehensive treatment of both orchestration and instrumentation. The new Third Edition retains the elements that have made the book a classic while embracing new technology and responding to the needs of today's students and teachers. The Study of Orchestration ensemble-text, workbook, and enhanced compact discs-is the most complete instructional package available and the ideal reference tool for students, teachers, performers, composers, and arrangers.

Author Biography

Samuel Adler has composed over four hundred published works, including five operas, six symphonies, twelve concerti, eight string quartets, and many other orchestral, band, choral, and vocal works. He has taught at the University of North Texas (1957-1966) and the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester (1966-1995), and is presently a member of the composition faculty at the Juilliard School of Music. He has authored several books, including Choral Conducting and Sight Singing. In 1993, Professor Adler was elected to the Chilean Academy of Fine Arts in recognition of "his outstanding contribution to the world of music as composer, conductor, and author" and in 1997 to the German Freie Akademie der Kunst. In 2001, he was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. As a conductor, he has appeared with many of the leading orchestras in the United States and abroad, and over fifty of his works are recorded commercially on major American and European labels.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART ONE. INSTRUMENTATION
The Orchestra-Yesterday and Today	3	(4)
Bowed String Instruments	7	(44)
Construction	8	(1)
Tuning	9	(1)
Fingering	10	(1)
Double, Triple, and Quadruple Stops	11	(1)
Divided Strings	12	(2)
Vibrato	14	(1)
Glissando and Portamento	15	(1)
The Bow	16	(1)
Bowing	17	(4)
Non legato	17	(1)
Legato	18	(3)
Special On-the-String Bowings	21	(5)
Special Off-the-String Bowings	26	(2)
Trills and Other Coloristic Effects Using the Bow	28	(5)
Coloristic Effects without the Bow	33	(6)
Mutes	39	(1)
Scordatura	40	(1)
Harmonics	41	(8)
Contemporary String Techniques	49	(2)
Individual Bowed String Instruments	51	(38)
Violin	51	(14)
Viola	65	(10)
Violoncello or Cello	75	(8)
Double Bass	83	(6)
Plucked String Instruments	89	(22)
Harp	89	(12)
Guitar	101	(2)
Mandolin	103	(3)
Banjo	106	(2)
Zither	108	(3)
Scoring for Strings	111	(53)
Individuality within the Ensemble	111	(7)
Foreground-Middleground-Background	118	(15)
Contrapuntal Writing for Strings	133	(10)
Homophonic Writing for Strings	143	(9)
Using the String Choir to Accompany a Soloist	152	(7)
Transcribing from Piano to Strings	159	(5)
The Woodwind Choir (Reed Aerophones)	164	(16)
Construction	164	(1)
Classifying Woodwind Instruments	165	(2)
The Principle of Transposition	167	(3)
Playing Techniques	170	(7)
The Woodwind Section of a Symphony Orchestra	177	(1)
Scoring for Woodwind Instruments	178	(2)
Individual Woodwinds	180	(49)
Flute	180	(9)
Piccolo	189	(2)
Alto Flute	191	(2)
Bass Flute	193	(1)
Oboe	193	(6)
English Horn	199	(2)
Other Members of the Oboe Family	201	(4)
Clarinet	205	(6)
``Piccolo'' Clarinet: Clarinet in D or Eb	211	(1)
Bass Clarinet	212	(3)
Other Members of the Clarinet Family	215	(2)
Saxophone	217	(4)
Bassoon	221	(4)
Contrabassoon	225	(4)
Scoring for Woodwinds and Woodwind-String Combinations	229	(66)
The Role of Winds in the Symphony Orchestra	229	(9)
The Variety of Orchestral Treatments	238	(14)
Homophonic Writing for Winds	252	(9)
Contrapuntal Writing for Winds	261	(9)
Using the Wind Choir to Provide a Contrasting Color	270	(6)
Using the Wind Choir to Double Other Instruments of the Orchestra	276	(7)
New Types of Articulations for Woodwinds	283	(5)
Special Effects	288	(3)
Transcribing from Piano to Winds and Strings	291	(4)
Introduction to Brass Instruments	295	(17)
Composition of the Brass Section	296	(1)
Brass Instruments and the Written Orchestral Score	297	(1)
Overblowing and the Principle of the Harmonic Series	298	(3)
Crooks, Valves, and Slides	301	(2)
Range	303	(1)
Tone Production, Articulation, and Tonguing	303	(1)
Common Characteristics and Effects on All Brass Instruments	304	(3)
Mutes	307	(3)
Muting Devices Other Than Mutes	310	(2)
Individual Brass Instruments	312	(45)
Horn	312	(13)
Trumpet	325	(12)
Cornet	337	(2)
Other Members of the Trumpet Family	339	(1)
Trombone	340	(9)
Other Members of the Trombone Family	349	(1)
Tuba	349	(5)
Other Members of the Tuba Family	354	(3)
Scoring for Brass, and Brass Combined with Strings and Winds	357	(74)
Early Uses of the Brass Choir	357	(6)
Doubling of Brass Instruments within the Modern Orchestra	363	(1)
Homophonic Writing for the Brass Choir	364	(11)
Using the Brass Choir to Present the Melody	375	(17)
Contrapuntal Writing for the Brass Choir	392	(21)
Climactic Uses of the Brass Choir	413	(11)
Using the Brass Choir to Provide a Coloristic Effect	424	(7)
The Percussion Ensemble	431	(37)
Historical Uses of Percussion Instruments within the Orchestra	431	(2)
Number and Distribution of Percussion Players	433	(1)
Notation of Percussion Instruments	433	(1)
Mallets, Beaters, and Sticks	434	(1)
Categories of Percussion Instruments	435	(2)
Instruments of Definite Pitch	437	(15)
Idiophones: Mallet Instruments
Xylophone	437	(1)
Marimba	438	(1)
Vibraphone	439	(1)
Glockenspiel	440	(1)
Chimes	441	(1)
Crotales	442	(1)
Steel Drums	443	(1)
Idiophones: Shaken or Stroked Instruments
Musical Saw	443	(1)
Flexatone	444	(1)
Crystal Glasses	444	(1)
Membranophones
Timpani	445	(3)
Roto Toms	448	(1)
Chordophones
Cimbalom	449	(2)
Aerophones
Whistles	451	(1)
Instruments of Indefinite Pitch	452	(16)
Idiophones: Metal
Cymbals: Crash, Suspended, Hi-Hat, Sizzle, Chinese, Finger	452	(2)
Triangle	454	(1)
Anvil	455	(1)
Cowbells	455	(1)
Tam-Tam and Other Gongs	456	(1)
Wind Chimes	456	(1)
Sleigh Bells	457	(1)
Bell Tree	457	(1)
Brake Drum	457	(1)
Thunder Sheet	457	(1)
Idiophones: Wooden
Wood Blocks	457	(1)
Temple Blocks	458	(1)
Claves	458	(1)
Castanets	458	(1)
Sand Block or Sandpaper Block	459	(1)
Maracas	459	(1)
Jawbone; Vibraslap	459	(1)
Guiro	460	(1)
Ratchet	460	(1)
Slapstick or Whip	460	(1)
Log Drum and Slit Drum	460	(1)
Hammer	461	(1)
Membranophones
Snare Drum	461	(1)
Tenor Drum	462	(1)
Field Drum	462	(1)
Bass Drum	463	(1)
Tom-Toms	463	(1)
Timbales	464	(1)
Bongos	464	(1)
Conga Drum	465	(1)
Tambourine	465	(1)
Quica; String Drum or Lion's Roar	466	(1)
Aerophones
Sirens	466	(1)
Motor Horns	467	(1)
Wind Machine	467	(1)
Keyboard Instruments	468	(18)
Piano	468	(7)
Celesta	475	(3)
Harpsichord	478	(2)
Organ	480	(3)
Harmonium	483	(3)
Scoring for Percussion with Keyboard Alone or in Combination	486	(61)
Percussion Layout in the Full Score	486	(8)
Percussion Section Setup	494	(3)
Uses of the Percussion Section	497	(50)
PART TWO. ORCHESTRATION
Scoring for Orchestra	547	(64)
The Unison-Octave Tutti	548	(10)
The Distribution of Foreground-Middleground-Background Elements within the Orchestra	558	(41)
Orchestrating a Melody or Primary Gesture	599	(2)
Using the Orchestra to Create Special Effects	601	(10)
The Orchestra as Accompanist	611	(55)
The Concerto	611	(28)
Accompanying the Vocal Soloist, Ensemble, or Chorus	639	(27)
Transcribing for Orchestra	666	(91)
Transcribing from Keyboard or Small Chamber Combinations to Orchestra	668	(47)
Transcribing from Band or Wind Ensemble to Orchestra	715	(26)
Transcribing to Various Available Instrumental Combinations	741	(16)
The Preparation of Score and Parts	757	(15)
The Orchestral Score Setup	757	(5)
The Reduced Score	762	(2)
The Condensed Score	764	(2)
Preparing Individual Parts	766	(6)
Scoring for Band or Wind Ensemble	772	(35)
Scoring for Band	772	(1)
Band Versus Wind Ensemble	773	(1)
The Percussion Section within the Band or Wind Ensemble	773	(1)
The Band and Wind Ensemble Score Setup	774	(4)
Condensed Scores	778	(4)
Transcribing from Orchestra to Band or Wind Ensemble	782	(3)
APPENDICES
A Quick Reference Guides	785	(12)
Ranges of the Most Frequently Used Orchestral Instruments	786	(7)
Names of Instruments in Four Languages and Their English Abbreviations	793	(2)
Frequently Used Orchestral Terms in Four Languages	795	(2)
B Select Bibliography	797	(10)
Orchestration	797	(2)
Individual Instrumental Technique	799	(3)
The History of the Orchestra and of Orchestral Instruments	802	(1)
Band and Wind Ensemble Scoring, Film Scoring, and Commercial Arranging	803	(1)
Computer and Electronic Music	804	(3)
Acknowledgments	807	(8)
Index	815