Succeeding with Technology

by Stair,Ralph

• ISBN13: 9781418839284
• ISBN10: 1418839280
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-16
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Today's technological world requires more than a basic understanding of computer concepts. To achieve our personal and professional goals, we need a broader understanding of both the principles of technology and how it impacts our everyday lives.

Table of Contents

Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies?	p. 2
Technology 360[degree]	p. 2
What is a Computer?	p. 5
Digital Technology	p. 6
Computer Functions	p. 7
Types of Computers	p. 8
Community: Technology - Digitizing the World	p. 8
Mobile Digital Devices	p. 15
The Power of Connections	p. 17
Telecommunications	p. 17
The Internet	p. 18
Wireless Networking	p. 19
What Can Computers Do?	p. 20
Computing	p. 21
Automating	p. 22
Enhancing Communication	p. 23
Providing Entertainment	p. 25
Managing Information	p. 26
Information Systems	p. 27
Types of Information Systems	p. 28
Using Digital Technologies to Succeed in Your Career	p. 30
Computer-Based Professions	p. 31
Business and Communications	p. 32
Science and Mathematics	p. 33
Engineering	p. 33
Social Sciences	p. 33
Fine Arts	p. 34
Sports, Nutrition, and Exercise	p. 34
Government and Law	p. 35
Medicine and Health Care	p. 36
Criminology, Law Enforcement, and Security	p. 37
Education and Training	p. 38
Job: Technology - Information Systems Save Lives	p. 38
Using Digital Technologies to Achieve Personal Goals	p. 39
Personal Finance	p. 39
Personal Information Management	p. 40
Personal Research	p. 40
Personal Relations	p. 41
Personal Media Center	p. 41
Information Security and the Social Impact and Implications of Digital Technologies	p. 42
Information Security	p. 42
The Impact of Digital Technologies on the World	p. 44
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 47
Summary	p. 48
Test Yourself	p. 50
Key Terms	p. 52
Questions	p. 52
Review Questions	p. 52
Discussion Questions	p. 53
Exercises	p. 53
Try It Yourself	p. 53
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 53
Teamwork	p. 54
TechTV	p. 54
Go Inside Krispy Kreme	p. 54
Endnotes	p. 54
Hardware Designed to Meet the Need	p. 56
Technology 360[degree]	p. 56
The Digital Revolution	p. 58
Representing Characters and Values with Bytes	p. 59
Bits, Bytes, and People	p. 60
Integrated Circuits and Processing	p. 61
Integrated Circuits	p. 62
The Central Processing Unit and Random Access Memory	p. 63
Storage	p. 70
System Storage	p. 70
Secondary-Storage Technologies	p. 73
Optical Storage	p. 76
Flash Drives and Cards	p. 78
Community: Technology - Hard Drives that Deliver Power to the People	p. 78
Evaluating Storage Media: Access Method, Capacity, and Portability	p. 80
Input, Output, and Expansion	p. 81
Input and Output Concepts	p. 81
Job: Technology - iPod Goes to College	p. 82
Input Devices	p. 84
Output Devices	p. 87
Job: Technology - 3D Displays for Architects, Engineers, and Doctors	p. 90
Special-Purpose I/O Devices	p. 92
Expansion	p. 93
Selecting and Purchasing a Computer	p. 95
Researching a Computer Purchase	p. 96
Computer Vendors	p. 97
Home: Technology - Strategies for Computer Shopping	p. 99
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 100
Summary	p. 101
Test Yourself	p. 102
Key Terms	p. 104
Questions	p. 104
Review Questions	p. 104
Discussion Questions	p. 104
Exercises	p. 105
Try It Yourself	p. 105
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 106
Teamwork	p. 107
TechTV	p. 107
Getting Started	p. 107
Endnotes	p. 107
Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain	p. 110
Technology 360[degree]	p. 110
An Overview of Software	p. 112
System and Application Software	p. 112
How Software Works	p. 113
Programming Languages	p. 114
Job: Technology - Software Reduces Legal Costs	p. 115
Newer Programming Languages	p. 116
Programming Language Translators	p. 118
System Software	p. 120
Operating Systems	p. 120
PC Operating Systems Today	p. 128
Operating Systems for Servers, Networks, and Large Mainframe Computer Systems	p. 134
Operating Systems for Handheld Computers and Special-Purpose Devices	p. 135
Utility Programs	p. 135
Application Software	p. 139
Productivity Software	p. 140
Additional Application Software for Individuals	p. 150
Application Software for Groups and Organizations	p. 152
Application Software for Information, Decision Support, and Specialized Purposes	p. 153
Job: Technology - UPS Provides Shipping Management Software to Customers	p. 154
Software Issues and Trends	p. 155
Acquiring Application Software	p. 155
Job: Technology - Telstra Benefits from E-Training for Managers	p. 157
Installing New Software, Handling Bugs, and Removing Old or Unwanted Software	p. 158
Copyrights and Licenses	p. 161
Shareware, Freeware, Open-Source, and Public Domain Software	p. 162
Community: Technology - Open-Source or Proprietary Software?	p. 163
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 165
Summary	p. 165
Test Yourself	p. 168
Key Terms	p. 169
Questions	p. 169
Review Questions	p. 169
Discussion Questions	p. 170
Exercises	p. 170
Try It Yourself	p. 170
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 170
Teamwork	p. 170
TechTV	p. 171
Software Vending Machines	p. 171
Endnotes	p. 171
The Internet and World Wide Web	p. 174
Technology 360[degree]	p. 174
Internet Technology	p. 176
A Brief History of the Internet	p. 177
How Does the Internet Work?	p. 178
Home: Technology - Selecting an Internet Service Provider	p. 182
Community: Technology - Tracking File Swappers by IP Address	p. 185
Web Technology	p. 187
Web Basics	p. 188
Web Markup Languages	p. 189
Web-Authoring Software	p. 191
Programming the Web	p. 192
Web Browser Plug-Ins	p. 194
Internet and Web Applications	p. 195
Job: Technology - Television Marketers Turn to Web	p. 195
Search Engines, Subject Directories, and Portals	p. 196
Communication and Collaboration	p. 199
News	p. 208
Education and Training	p. 210
E-Commerce	p. 212
Travel	p. 212
Employment and Careers	p. 213
Multimedia and Entertainment	p. 214
Information	p. 217
Community: Technology - Wikipedia: The Communal Encyclopedia	p. 219
The Future Internet	p. 220
Internet2 and Beyond	p. 220
High-Speed Internet Applications	p. 221
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 223
Summary	p. 223
Test Yourself	p. 225
Key Terms	p. 226
Questions	p. 226
Review Questions	p. 226
Discussion Questions	p. 227
Exercises	p. 227
Try It Yourself	p. 227
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 228
Teamwork	p. 228
TechTV	p. 228
Google Map Meets Craigslist	p. 228
Endnotes	p. 228
Telecommunications, Wireless Technologies, and Computer Networks	p. 230
Technology 360[degree]	p. 230
Fundamentals of Telecommunications	p. 232
Telecommunications and Data Communications	p. 233
Characteristics of Telecommunications	p. 234
Networking Media, Devices, and Software	p. 236
Networking Media	p. 236
Networking Devices	p. 239
Industrial Telecommunications Media and Devices	p. 242
Networking Software	p. 244
Wireless Telecommunications Technologies	p. 246
Cell Phone Technologies	p. 246
Job: Technology - Dealing with Wireless on Campus	p. 249
Pagers	p. 253
Global Positioning Systems	p. 253
Wireless Fidelity and WiMax	p. 256
Bluetooth	p. 258
Infrared Transmission	p. 260
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)	p. 260
Networks and Distributed Computing	p. 262
Computer Networking Concepts	p. 262
Network Types	p. 264
Community: Technology - PAN Gets More Personal	p. 265
Home Networks	p. 269
Home: Technology - Setting up a Wireless Home Network	p. 270
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 273
Summary	p. 274
Test Yourself	p. 276
Key Terms	p. 277
Questions	p. 277
Review Questions	p. 277
Discussion Questions	p. 277
Exercises	p. 278
Try It Yourself	p. 278
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 278
Teamwork	p. 279
TechTV	p. 279
Free Wi-Fi	p. 279
Endnotes	p. 279
Digital Media for Work and Leisure	p. 282
Technology 360[degree]	p. 282
Digital Music and Audio	p. 285
Digitizing Music and Audio	p. 285
Digital Sound for Professionals	p. 286
Digital Music and Audio Production	p. 289
Digital Music and Audio Formats, Storage Media, Players, and Software	p. 294
Digital Music and Audio Distribution	p. 297
Home: Technology - Selecting a Digital Music Service	p. 299
Digital Graphics	p. 301
Digitizing Graphics	p. 301
Graphics File Formats	p. 302
Community: Technology - Independent Film Producer Robert Rodriguez	p. 303
Uses of Digital Graphics	p. 304
Vector Graphics Software	p. 308
Three-Dimensional Modeling Software	p. 310
Computer Animation	p. 312
Community: Technology - Google Digitizing the World	p. 312
Digital Photography and Video	p. 316
Digital Photography	p. 316
Digital Video	p. 321
Interactive Media	p. 326
Education and Training	p. 327
Commercial Applications of Interactive Media	p. 328
Interactive Video Games	p. 328
Interactive TV	p. 331
Technology 360[degree] Action Plan	p. 333
Summary	p. 333
Test Yourself	p. 335
Key Terms	p. 336
Questions	p. 337
Review Questions	p. 337
Discussion Questions	p. 337
Exercises	p. 337
Try It Yourself	p. 337
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 338
Teamwork	p. 338
TechTV	p. 339
Army's Virtual World	p. 339
Endnotes	p. 339
Database Systems	p. 340
Technology 360[degree]	p. 340
Basic Data Management Concepts	p. 342
Data Management for Individuals and Organizations	p. 343
The Hierarchy of Data	p. 344
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys	p. 346
Job: Technology-Hyundai Shoots for #1 with Executive DBMS	p. 347
Simple Approaches to Data Management	p. 348
The Database Approach to Data Management	p. 348
Organizing Data in a Database	p. 350
The Relational Database Model	p. 351
Object-Oriented Databases	p. 354
Database Characteristics	p. 355
Database Management Systems	p. 356
Overview of Database Types	p. 356
Database Design	p. 361
Job: Technology-Open-Source Database for Continental	p. 361
Using Databases with Other Software	p. 363
Data Accuracy and Integrity	p. 364
Creating and Modifying a Database	p. 365
Updating a Database	p. 367
Manipulating Data and Generating Reports	p. 367
Database Backup and Recovery	p. 369
Using Database Systems in Organizations	p. 369
Routine Processing	p. 370
Information and Decision Support	p. 370
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining	p. 371
Database Trends	p. 373
Distributed Databases	p. 373
Database Systems, the Internet, and Networks	p. 374
Visual, Audio, Unstructured, and Other Database Systems	p. 375
Job: Technology-Web-Based DBMS Empowers Cruise Line Personnel	p. 376
Managing Databases	p. 377
Database Administration	p. 377
Community: Technology-Government Regulations and Database Costs	p. 378
Database Use, Policies, and Security	p. 379
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 380
Summary	p. 380
Test Yourself	p. 382
Key Terms	p. 384
Questions	p. 384
Review Questions	p. 384
Discussion Questions	p. 384
Exercises	p. 385
Try It Yourself	p. 385
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 385
Teamwork	p. 386
TechTV	p. 386
Video: Predicting Huge Surf	p. 386
Endnotes	p. 386
E-Commerce	p. 388
Technology 360[degree]	p. 388
The Roots of E-Commerce	p. 392
E-Commerce History	p. 392
Transaction Processing	p. 393
The Transaction Processing Cycle	p. 394
Different Transaction Processing for Different Needs	p. 394
Overview of Electronic Commerce	p. 395
Types of E-Commerce	p. 395
E-Commerce from the Buyer's Perspective	p. 397
E-Commerce from the Seller's Perspective	p. 399
Benefits and Challenges of E-Commerce	p. 400
E-Commerce Applications	p. 403
Retail E-Commerce: Shopping Online	p. 403
Online Clearinghouses, Web Auctions, and Marketplaces	p. 404
Job: Technology-E-Commerce and Customized Products	p. 404
B2B Global Supply Management and Electronic Exchanges	p. 405
Marketing	p. 406
Banking, Finance, and Investment	p. 409
Mobile Commerce	p. 410
M-Commerce Technology	p. 411
Types of M-Commerce and Applications	p. 412
E-Commerce Implementation	p. 414
Infrastructure	p. 415
Hardware and Networking	p. 417
Software	p. 417
Building Traffic	p. 419
Job: Technology-Blogs: Benefit or Backfire?	p. 422
Electronic Payment Systems	p. 423
International Markets	p. 425
E-Commerce Security Issues	p. 426
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 429
Summary	p. 429
Test Yourself	p. 432
Key Terms	p. 433
Questions	p. 433
Review Questions	p. 433
Discussion Questions	p. 433
Exercises	p. 434
Try It Yourself	p. 434
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 434
Teamwork	p. 435
TechTV	p. 435
Finding the Best Deals Online	p. 435
Endnotes	p. 435
Information, Decision Support, Artificial Intelligence, and Special-Purpose Systems	p. 436
Technology 360[degree]	p. 436
Decision Making and Problem Solving	p. 438
Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Decisions	p. 439
Optimization and Heuristic Approaches	p. 440
Job: Technology-A "TaylorMade" Information and Decision Support System	p. 441
Management Information Systems	p. 443
Inputs to a Management Information System	p. 443
Outputs of a Management Information System	p. 444
Decision Support Systems	p. 447
Job: Technology-Ancient Company Profits from Better Decisions and Reports	p. 447
Characteristics of a Decision Support System	p. 448
The Group Decision Support System	p. 451
Characteristics of a GDSS	p. 452
GDSS Software or Groupware	p. 452
Artificial Intelligence and Special-Purpose Systems	p. 453
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence	p. 453
Artificial Intelligence in Perspective	p. 454
The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence	p. 454
Components of Artificial Intelligence	p. 455
Robotics	p. 456
Vision Systems	p. 456
Natural Language Processing	p. 457
Learning Systems	p. 457
Neural Networks	p. 458
Fuzzy Logic	p. 458
Genetic Algorithms	p. 458
Job: Technology-Amazon Leverages Artificial Intelligence against Fraud	p. 459
Intelligent Agents	p. 460
Expert Systems	p. 460
Specialized Systems	p. 462
Community: Technology-Biologically Inspired Algorithms Fight Terrorists and Guide Businesses	p. 464
Action Plan	p. 467
Summary	p. 467
Test Yourself	p. 469
Key Terms	p. 471
Questions	p. 471
Review Questions	p. 471
Discussion Questions	p. 471
Exercises	p. 472
Try It Yourself	p. 472
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 473
Teamwork	p. 473
TechTV	p. 473
Ben Casnoscha	p. 473
Endnotes	p. 474
Systems Development	p. 476
Technology 360[degree]	p. 476
An Overview of Systems Development	p. 478
Job: Technology-A Technology Makeover with Systems Development	p. 479
Participants in Systems Development	p. 481
Community: Technology-When Systems Development Projects Fail	p. 481
Why Start a Systems Development Project?	p. 482
Systems Development Planning	p. 484
End-User Systems Development	p. 485
Tools and Techniques for Systems Development	p. 486
Computer-Aided Software Engineering	p. 486
Flowcharts	p. 487
Decision Tables	p. 488
Project Management Tools	p. 489
Prototyping	p. 490
Outsourcing	p. 492
Object-Oriented Systems Development	p. 493
Systems Investigation	p. 494
Feasibility Analysis	p. 494
Systems Analysis	p. 495
General Analysis Considerations	p. 495
Collecting Data	p. 496
Data Analysis	p. 497
Requirements Analysis	p. 497
Systems Design	p. 500
Community: Technology-Finding Trust in Computer Systems	p. 500
Generating Systems Design Alternatives	p. 501
Evaluating and Selecting a Systems Design	p. 501
The Contract	p. 502
Systems Implementation	p. 502
Acquiring Hardware	p. 503
Selecting and Acquiring Software: Make, Buy, or Rent	p. 503
Job: Technology-Hudson River Park Trust Looks for Help in Systems Development	p. 505
Acquiring Database and Telecommunications Systems	p. 506
User Preparation	p. 506
Computer Systems Personnel: Hiring and Training	p. 506
Site Preparation	p. 507
Data Preparation	p. 507
Installation	p. 508
Testing	p. 509
Startup	p. 510
User Acceptance and Documentation	p. 511
Systems Maintenance and Review	p. 511
Reasons for Maintenance	p. 511
The Financial Implications of Maintenance	p. 512
Systems Review	p. 513
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 514
Summary	p. 514
Test Yourself	p. 517
Key Terms	p. 518
Questions	p. 518
Review Questions	p. 518
Discussion Questions	p. 519
Exercises	p. 520
Try It Yourself	p. 520
Virtual Classroom	p. 520
Teamwork	p. 520
TechTV	p. 521
Project Management Using Web-Based Tools	p. 521
Endnotes	p. 521
Computer Crime and Information Security	p. 524
Technology 360[degree]	p. 524
Information Security and Vulnerability	p. 528
What Is at Stake?	p. 528
Job: Technology-Corporations Urged to Take Action Against Crime	p. 531
Threats to Information Security	p. 535
Machine-Level Security	p. 539
Passwords	p. 540
ID Devices and Biometrics	p. 542
Encrypting Stored Data	p. 543
Backing Up Data and Systems	p. 544
System Maintenance	p. 547
Network Security	p. 548
Multiuser System Considerations	p. 549
Interior Threats	p. 551
Security and Usage Policies	p. 552
Wireless Network Security	p. 553
Threats to Wireless Networks	p. 553
Securing a Wireless Network	p. 554
Internet Security	p. 556
Hackers on the Internet	p. 557
Viruses and Worms	p. 561
Spyware, Adware, and Zombies	p. 565
Scams, Spam, Fraud, and Hoaxes	p. 566
Home: Technology-A PC Security Checklist	p. 570
Technology 360[degree] Action Plan	p. 571
Summary	p. 571
Test Yourself	p. 574
Key Terms	p. 575
Questions	p. 575
Review Questions	p. 575
Discussion Questions	p. 576
Exercises	p. 576
Try It Yourself	p. 576
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 576
Teamwork	p. 577
TechTV	p. 577
Understanding Identity, Spoofing, and Internet Attacks	p. 577
Endnotes	p. 577
Digital Society, Ethics, and Globalization	p. 580
Technology 360[degree]	p. 580
Living Online	p. 583
Computers and Community	p. 584
Health Issues: Keeping a Balance	p. 585
Freedom of Speech	p. 588
Challenging the Establishment and Traditional Institutions	p. 589
Laws and Censorship	p. 590
Privacy Issues	p. 593
Job: Technology-Can Businesses Sue or Fire Employees over Blogging?	p. 593
Personal Information Privacy	p. 594
Privacy and Government	p. 595
Surveillance Technologies	p. 597
Ethics and Social Responsibility	p. 602
Personal Ethical Considerations	p. 602
Professional Ethical Considerations	p. 603
Governmental Ethical Considerations	p. 604
Globalization	p. 608
Outsourcing	p. 609
Offshoring	p. 610
Business Challenges in Globalization	p. 611
Community: Technology-Outsourcing U.S. Education	p. 611
Conclusion	p. 613
Technology 360[degree]: Action Plan	p. 615
Summary	p. 615
Test Yourself	p. 618
Key Terms	p. 619
Questions	p. 619
Review Questions	p. 619
Discussion Questions	p. 619
Exercises	p. 620
Try It Yourself	p. 620
Virtual Classroom Activities	p. 620
Teamwork	p. 620
TechTV	p. 621
Gmail Privacy	p. 621
Endnotes	p. 621
Glossary	p. 624
Subject Index	p. 648
Career Index	p. 666
Photo Credits	p. 668
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