Systems Analysis and Design

by Shelly, Gary B.; Cashman, Thomas J.; Rosenblatt, Harry J.

• ISBN13: 9780789542663
• ISBN10: 0789542668
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-11-01
• Publisher: Course Technology Ptr

Summary

Systems Analysis and Design, Seventh Edition presents a clear introduction to systems analysis and design. Students will find concepts easy-to-understand through the clear writing style and full-color figures that illustrate current technology and trends.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction to Information Systems
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(2)
Systems and Procedures	3	(1)
Information System Components	4	(2)
Hardware	4	(1)
Software	5	(1)
Data	6	(1)
Procedures	6	(1)
People	6	(1)
Business Information Systems	6	(4)
Characteristics of Business Information Systems	8	(2)
Types of Information Systems	10	(2)
Operational Systems	10	(1)
Management Information Systems	10	(1)
Decision Support Systems	10	(1)
Executive Information Systems	11	(1)
Expert Systems	11	(1)
Office Systems	12	(1)
Integrating Information Systems	12	(1)
Organizational Levels	12	(4)
Operational Personnel	13	(1)
Lower Management	13	(1)
Middle Management	14	(1)
Top Management	14	(2)
Systems Development Life Cycle	16	(6)
Systems Planning	17	(1)
Systems Analysis	18	(1)
Systems Design	19	(1)
Systems Implementation	19	(1)
Systems Operation and Support	19	(1)
General Considerations	20	(1)
Automated Tools for Systems Development	20	(2)
Information Systems Department	22	(1)
The Systems Analyst Position	22	(4)
Responsibilities	23	(1)
Required Skills and Background	23	(1)
Career Opportunities	24	(2)
Softwear, Limited	26	(2)
Chapter Summary	28	(1)
Review Questions	28	(1)
Discussion Questions	29	(1)
Case Studies	29	(1)
New Century Health Clinic	30	(1)
Green Pastures, INC	30	(1)
Ridgeway Company	31
Phase 1 Systems Planning
Preliminary Investigation
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
The Strategic Planning Process	3	(4)
The Impact of Technology	5	(2)
Information Systems Projects	7	(5)
Reasons for Systems Projects	7	(1)
Sources of Systems Projects	8	(2)
Request Form and Procedure	10	(2)
Evaluation of Systems Requests	12	(5)
Evaluation of Projects	13	(1)
Overview of Feasibility	13	(2)
Determining Feasibility	15	(1)
Criteria Used to Evaluate Systems Requests	15	(2)
Preliminary Investigation Objectives	17	(3)
Understand the Problem	18	(1)
Define the Project Scope and Constraints	18	(1)
Identify the Benefits	19	(1)
Estimate the Time and Costs	19	(1)
Report to management	20	(1)
Preliminary Investigation Steps	20	(5)
Obtain Authorization to Proceed	20	(1)
Identify the Necessary Information	20	(1)
Perform Fact-Finding to Gather the Required Information	21	(2)
Analyze the Information	23	(1)
Present Your Results and Recommendations to Management	23	(2)
Softwear, Limited	25	(9)
The Request for Information Systems Services	25	(3)
Organization Charts	28	(1)
Interviews	29	(1)
Review Current Documentation	29	(2)
Presentation of Findings and Management Decisions	31	(3)
Chapter Summary	34	(1)
Review Questions	34	(1)
Discussion Questions	34	(1)
Case Studies	35	(1)
New Century Health Clinic	35	(1)
Pembroke Imports	35	(1)
Ridgeway Company	36	(1)
G. H. Ames & Company	36
Phase 2 Systems Analysis
Determining Requirements
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Overview of the Systems Analysis Phase	3	(1)
The Challenge of Systems Analysis	4	(1)
Systems Requirements	5	(2)
Outputs	6	(1)
Inputs	6	(1)
Processes	6	(1)
Timing	6	(1)
Controls	6	(1)
Volumes, Sizes, and Frequencies	7	(1)
Interviews	7	(6)
Determine the People to Interview	7	(1)
Establish Objectives for the Interview	8	(1)
Prepare for the Interview	8	(2)
Conduct the Interview	10	(2)
Document the Interview	12	(1)
Evaluate the Interview	12	(1)
Unsuccessful Interviews	13	(1)
Other Fact-Finding Techniques	13	(8)
Document Review	13	(1)
Observation	14	(1)
Questionnaires	15	(2)
Sampling Work and Work Products	17	(1)
Graphics	17	(1)
Research	17	(4)
Recording the Facts	21	(1)
The Need for Recording the Facts	21	(1)
Software Tools	21	(1)
Other Systems Development Techniques	22	(2)
Introduction	22	(1)
Joint Application Development (JAD)	22	(1)
Rapid Application Development (RAD)	23	(1)
Object-Oriented Systems Development	23	(1)
Preview of the Requirements Analysis Stage	24	(1)
Softwear, Limited	25	(11)
Human Resources Department Interview	25	(5)
Payroll Department Interview	30	(2)
Business Information Services Interview	32	(1)
New Plans and Developments	33	(1)
The Revised Project	34	(2)
Chapter Summary	36	(2)
Review Questions	37	(1)
Discussion Questions	37	(1)
Case Studies	38	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Determining Requirements	38	(1)
Baxter Community College-Part One	39	(1)
Baxter Community College-Part Two	39	(1)
Hoober Industries	40
Analyzing Requirements
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Structured Analysis	1	(1)
Data Flow Diagrams	2	(21)
Data Flow Diagram Symbols	2	(6)
Context Diagrams	8	(2)
Conventions for Data Flow Diagrams	10	(2)
Diagram O	12	(4)
Lower-Level Diagrams	16	(7)
Data Dictionary	23	(8)
Using CASE Tools to Document the System	24	(1)
Documenting the Data Elements	24	(2)
Documenting the Data Flows	26	(2)
Documenting the Data Stores	28	(1)
Documenting the Processes	29	(1)
Documenting the External Entities	29	(1)
Documenting the Records	30	(1)
Data Dictionary Reports	31	(1)
Process Description Tools	31	(6)
Structured English	32	(1)
Decision Tables	33	(2)
Decision Trees	35	(2)
Softwear, Limited-Analyzing Requirements	37	(10)
Data Flow Diagrams	37	(6)
Data Dictionary and Process Descriptions	43	(4)
Chapter Summary	47	(2)
Review Questions	48	(1)
Discussion Questions	48	(1)
Case Studies	49	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Analyzing Requirements	49	(1)
Ridgeway Company	50
Evaluating Alternatives and Strategies
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Evaluating Software Alternatives	2	(6)
Developing Software In-House	2	(2)
Buying a Software Package	4	(1)
Customizing Software Packages	5	(1)
Other Software Alternatives	5	(2)
Selecting a Software Alternative	7	(1)
Steps in Evaluating and Purchasing Software Packages	8	(6)
Evaluate the Information System Requirements	8	(1)
Identify Potential Software Vendors	9	(1)
Evaluate Software Package Alternatives	10	(2)
Make the Purchase	12	(1)
Install the Software Package	13	(1)
Hardware Alternatives	14	(2)
Completion of Systems Analysis	16	(1)
System Requirements Document	16	(1)
Presentation to Management	16	(1)
Prototyping	17	(4)
Prototyping Software Tools	18	(3)
Prototyping During Systems Analysis	21	(1)
Computer-Aided Software Engineering(CASE)	21	(5)
Categories of CASE Tools	22	(1)
Using CASE Tools	23	(3)
Alternative Graphical Tools	26	(3)
Systems Flowcharts	27	(1)
State-Transition Diagrams	28	(1)
Transition to System Design	29	(1)
Software, Limited-Evaluating Alternatives and Strategies	29	(1)
Chapter Summary	30	(2)
Review Questions	31	(1)
Discussion Questions	31	(1)
Case Studies	32	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Evaluating Alternatives and Strategies	32	(1)
Ridgeway Company	33	(1)
Cutting Edge Incorporated	34
Phase 3 Systems Design
Output Design
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Systems Design Overview	3	(3)
The Relationship between Analysis and Design	4	(1)
Systems Design Activities	4	(2)
General Guidelines for Systems Design	6	(3)
Design Suggestions	6	(3)
Design Tradeoffs	9	(1)
Designing and Using Codes	9	(5)
Types of Coding	10	(2)
Developing a Code	12	(2)
Introduction to output Design	14	(1)
Checklist for Output Design	14	(1)
Types of Output and Information Delivery	14	(4)
Printed Output	15	(1)
Screen Output	16	(1)
Other Types of Information Delivery	16	(2)
Designing Printed Reports	18	(17)
Reports Classified by Content	18	(2)
Reports Classified by Distribution	20	(2)
Designing the Report	22	(11)
Report Volume and Time Calculations	33	(2)
Report Approvals	35	(1)
Designing Screen Output	35	(7)
Screen Design Considerations	36	(1)
Character Output	37	(2)
Graphical Output	39	(2)
Special Effects	41	(1)
Designing Other Outputs	42	(1)
Output to Tapes and Disks	42	(1)
Other Output Media	42	(1)
Output Control	43	(1)
Output Integrity	43	(1)
Output Security	43	(1)
Automated Design Tools	43	(1)
Report Generators	43	(1)
Screen Generators	44	(1)
Completing the Report and Screen Designs	44	(1)
Softwear, Limited-Output Design	44	(4)
Chapter Summary	48	(2)
Review Questions	49	(1)
Discussion Questions	49	(1)
Case Studies	50	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Output Design	50	(1)
Carl's Corvettes	51	(1)
G. H. Ames & Company	51	(1)
Ridgeway Company	52
Input Design
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(2)
Input Design Objectives	3	(5)
Input media and Data Entry Methods	3	(1)
Develop Efficient Input Procedures	4	(1)
Reduce Input Volume	4	(3)
Reduce Input Errors	7	(1)
Key Tasks in Input Design	8	(1)
Source Document Design	8	(4)
Input Record Design	12	(4)
Screen Design	16	(13)
Data Entry Screen Design	17	(4)
Process Control Screen Design	21	(5)
Graphical User Interfaces	26	(2)
Help Screen Design	28	(1)
Input Control	29	(2)
Automated Design Tools	31	(1)
Softwear, Limited-Input Design	31	(4)
Chapter Summary	35	(2)
Review Questions	36	(1)
Discussion Questions	36	(1)
Case Studies	37	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Input Design	37	(1)
Bates Video Club	37	(1)
Carl's Corvettes	38
File and Database Design
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Data Terminology and Concepts	1	(3)
Definitions	2	(1)
Key Fields	2	(2)
Data Relationships and Entity-Relationships Diagrams	4	(6)
Entity-Relationship Diagrams	5	(3)
Cardinality	8	(1)
Creating an ERD	9	(1)
Normalization	10	(9)
First Normal Form	10	(1)
Second Normal Form	11	(2)
Third Normal Form	13	(2)
A Normalization Example	15	(4)
Steps in Database Design	19	(1)
Database Management	20	(4)
Database Management Design	20	(2)
Elements of Database Management Systems	22	(1)
Characteristics of Database Management	22	(2)
Database Models	24	(4)
Hierarchical Databases	24	(1)
Network Databases	25	(1)
Relational Databases	25	(1)
Object-Oriented Databases	26	(2)
File Access and Organization	28	(4)
Logical and Physical Records	28	(1)
Types of Files	29	(1)
Data Storage Formats	30	(2)
File Access	32	(1)
File Organization	33	(4)
Sequential Organization	33	(1)
Direct Organization	34	(1)
Indexed Organization	34	(2)
File Organization Advantages and Disadvantages	36	(1)
File Media Types	37	(1)
Calculating File Sizes and Volumes	38	(2)
Sizing Tape Files	38	(1)
Sizing Disk Files	39	(1)
Data Compression	40	(1)
File and Database Control	40	(1)
Softwear, Limited-File and Database Design	41	(3)
Chapter Summary	44	(2)
Review Questions	45	(1)
Discussion Questions	46	(1)
Case Studies	46	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-File and Database Design	46	(1)
Cutting Edge Incorporated	47	(1)
Fastflight Airlines	47	(1)
Ridgeway Company	48
System Architecture
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Processing Methods	1	(6)
Online Processing	2	(1)
Batch Processing	3	(1)
Combined Online and Batch Processing	4	(1)
Centralized and Distributed Processing	5	(2)
Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks	7	(4)
Hierarchical Network	8	(1)
Bus Network	8	(1)
Star Network	9	(1)
Ring Network	10	(1)
Network Applications	10	(1)
Client/Server Systems	11	(4)
Processing Functions	15	(2)
Data Input and Validating	15	(2)
Updating	17	(1)
Sorting	17	(1)
Reporting	17	(1)
Processing Support	17	(3)
Backup and Recovery	18	(1)
File Retention	19	(1)
Restart	19	(1)
Start-Up Processing	19	(1)
Software Design	20	(1)
Programs Required	20	(1)
Program Documentation	21	(1)
Object-Oriented Design	21	(1)
Systems Design Completion	22	(3)
System Design Specification	22	(2)
Approvals	24	(1)
Technical and Management Presentations	24	(1)
Softwear, Limited-System Architecture	25	(3)
System Architecture	26	(1)
Planning the System	26	(1)
Security	26	(1)
Creating the Objects	26	(1)
Planning the User Interface	26	(1)
Using Access Basic for Procedures and Macros	27	(1)
Completing the Systems Design Phase	27	(1)
Chapter Summary	28	(2)
Review Questions	29	(1)
Discussion Questions	29	(1)
Case Studies	30	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-System Architecture	30	(1)
Naugatuck Industrial Supply Company	30	(1)
Ridgeway Company	31
Phase 4 Systems Implementation
Application Development
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Quality Assurance	4	(2)
Software Engineering	4	(2)
Application Development	6	(8)
Documentation Review and Application Design	7	(2)
Coding	9	(1)
Testing the Application	10	(4)
Documentation	14	(3)
Program Documentation	14	(1)
System Documentation	14	(1)
Operations Documentation	14	(1)
User Documentation	15	(2)
Management Approval	17	(8)
Softwear, Limited-Application Development	25
Mainframe Interface	19	(1)
ESIP Server	19	(1)
Completing Application Development	20	(1)
Chapter Summary	21	(1)
Review Questions	21	(1)
Discussion Questions	21	(1)
Case Studies	21	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Application Development	21	(1)
Green Pastures Limited	22	(1)
Ridgeway Company	22
Installation and Evaluation
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Operational and Test Environments	2	(1)
Training	3	(7)
Vendor Training	4	(1)
Outside Training Resources	5	(1)
In-House Training	6	(4)
File Conversion	10	(1)
System Changeover	10	(3)
Direct Cutover	11	(1)
Parallel Operation	12	(1)
Pilot Operation	12	(1)
Phased Changeover	12	(1)
Post-Implementation Evaluation	13	(3)
Final Report to Management	16	(1)
Softwear, Limited-Installation and Evaluation	16	(3)
Chapter Summary	19	(2)
Review Questions	20	(1)
Discussion Questions	21	(1)
Case Studies	21	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Installation and Evaluation	21	(1)
Hoober Industries	22	(1)
Ridgeway Company	22
Phase 5 Systems Operation and Support
Systems Operation and Support
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Overview of Systems Support and Maintenance Activities	4	(1)
Support Activities	4	(6)
User Training and Assistance	4	(1)
Information Centers	5	(1)
Maintenance Activities	6	(2)
Corrective Maintenance	8	(1)
Adaptive Maintenance	9	(1)
Perfective Maintenance	9	(1)
Managing Systems Operation and Support	10	(4)
Maintenance Team	10	(1)
Configuration Management	11	(2)
Maintenance Releases	13	(1)
Managing System Performance	14	(2)
Performance and Workload Measurement	14	(1)
Capacity Planning	15	(1)
Case Tools for Systems maintenance	16	(1)
System Obsolescence	16	(2)
Softwear, Limited-Systems Operation and Support	18	(1)
Chapter Summary	19	(2)
Review Questions	20	(1)
Discussion Questions	20	(1)
Case Studies	21	(1)
New Century Health Clinic-Systems Operations and Support	21	(1)
Hoober Industries	22	(1)
Gallagher Imports	22
The Systems Analyst's Toolkit
PART 1 Communications Tools
Objectives	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Guidelines For Successful Communications	3	(1)
Written Communications	4	(3)
Memos, Letters, and E-mail	5	(1)
Reports	5	(2)
Oral Communication	7	(4)
Define the Audience	7	(1)
Define the Objectives	8	(1)
Organize the Presentation	8	(1)
Define Any Technical Terms	8	(1)
Prepare Presentation Aids	8	(1)
Practice	9	(1)
The Presentation	10	(1)
Summary	11	(1)
Review Questions	11	(1)
PART 2 Feasibility and Cost Analysis Tools
Objectives	12	(1)
Introduction	12	(1)
Describing Costs and Benefits	12	(3)
Cost Classifications	13	(1)
Managing Information Systems Costs and Charges	13	(1)
Benefit Classifications	14	(1)
Cost-Benefit Analysis	15	(10)
Payback Analysis	15	(3)
Using a Spreadsheet to Compute payback Analysis	18	(1)
Return on Investment Analysis	19	(1)
Using a Spreadsheet to Computer ROI	20	(1)
Present Value Analysis	21	(3)
Using a Spreadsheet to Calculate Present Value	24	(1)
Summary	25	(2)
Review Questions	26	(1)
PART 3 Project Management Tools
Objectives	27	(1)
Introduction	27	(1)
Project Management	28	(1)
Project Management Overview	28	(1)
Management Functions	28	(1)
Project Planning	28	(1)
Project Estimating	29	(4)
Quantitative Method	31	(1)
Experience Method	32	(1)
Constraint Method	33	(1)
Project Scheduling	33	(1)
Scheduling Tools	33	(7)
Gantt Charts	33	(2)
PERT/CPM	35	(5)
Comparing Gantt Charts and PERT/CPM	40	(1)
Project Monitoring, Controlling, and Reporting	40	(1)
Project Monitoring and Control	41	(1)
Project Reporting	41	(1)
Project Status Meetings	41	(1)
Project Status Reports	41	(1)
Project Management Software	42	(1)
Software Change Control	43	(1)
Keys to Project Success	44	(2)
Summary	46	(1)
Review Questions	47
Index	I.2