TCP/IP Protocol Suite

by Forouzan, Behrouz A.; Fegan, Sophia Chung

• ISBN13: 9780072967722
• ISBN10: 0072967722
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-06
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

Networking technologies have become an integral part of everyday life, which has led to a dramatic increase in the number of professions where it is important to understand network technologies.TCP/IP Protocol Suite teaches students and professionals, with no prior knowledge of TCP/IP, everything they need to know about the subject. This comprehensive book uses hundreds of figures to make technical concepts easy to grasp, as well as many examples, which help tie the material to the real-world.The second edition of TCP/IP Protocol Suite has been fully updated to include all of the recent technology changes in the field. Many new chapters have been added such as one on Mobile IP, Multimedia and Internet, Network Security, and IP over ATM. Additionally, out-of-date material has been overhauled to reflect recent changes in technology.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxix
Introduction	1	(16)
A Brief History	1	(5)
ARPANET	2	(1)
Birth of the Internet	2	(1)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internetworking Protocol (TCP/IP)	2	(1)
MILNET	3	(1)
CSNET	3	(1)
NSFNET	3	(1)
ANSNET	3	(1)
The Internet Today	4	(1)
Time Line	5	(1)
Growth of the Internet	6	(1)
Protocols and Standards	6	(1)
Protocols	6	(1)
Standards	7	(1)
Standards Organizations	7	(2)
Standards Creation Committees	7	(1)
Forums	8	(1)
Regulatory Agencies	9	(1)
Internet Standards	9	(3)
Maturity Levels	9	(2)
Requirement Levels	11	(1)
Internet Administration	12	(2)
Internet Society (ISOC)	12	(1)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)	12	(1)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)	13	(1)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)	13	(1)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)	13	(1)
Network Information Center (NIC)	13	(1)
Key Terms	14	(1)
Summary	15	(1)
Practice Set	16	(1)
Exercises	16	(1)
Research Activities	16	(1)
The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite	17	(26)
The OSI Model	17	(4)
Layered Architecture	18	(1)
Peer-to-Peer Processes	18	(3)
Encapsulation	21	(1)
Layers in the OSI Model	21	(9)
Physical Layer	21	(1)
Data Link Layer	22	(1)
Network Layer	23	(1)
Transport Layer	24	(2)
Session Layer	26	(1)
Presentation Layer	27	(1)
Application Layer	28	(1)
Summary of Layers	29	(1)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite	30	(3)
Physical and Data Link Layers	31	(1)
Network Layer	31	(1)
Transport Layer	32	(1)
Application Layer	32	(1)
Addressing	33	(4)
Physical Address	34	(1)
Logical Address	35	(1)
Port Address	36	(1)
IP Versions	37	(1)
Version 4	37	(1)
Version 5	37	(1)
Version 6	38	(1)
Key Terms	38	(1)
Summary	39	(1)
Practice Set	40	(3)
Exercises	40	(1)
Research Activities	41	(2)
Underlying Technologies	43	(38)
Local Area Networks (LANS)	44	(11)
Wired LANs: Ethernet	44	(6)
Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11	50	(5)
Point-to-Point Wans	55	(8)
Physical Layer	55	(6)
Data Link Layer	61	(2)
Switched Wans	63	(6)
X.25	63	(1)
Frame Relay	64	(1)
ATM	65	(4)
Connecting Devices	69	(7)
Repeaters	70	(1)
Hubs	71	(1)
Bridges	71	(3)
Routers	74	(2)
Key Terms	76	(1)
Summary	77	(2)
Practice Set	79	(2)
Exercises	79	(1)
Research Activities	79	(2)
IP Addresses: Classful Addressing	81	(34)
Introduction	81	(3)
Address Space	82	(1)
Notation	82	(2)
Classful Addressing	84	(11)
Recognizing Classes	85	(2)
Netid and Hostid	87	(1)
Classes and Blocks	88	(3)
Network Addresses	91	(1)
Sufficient Information	92	(1)
Mask	92	(2)
CIDR Notation	94	(1)
Address Depletion	95	(1)
Other Issues	95	(7)
Multihomed Devices	95	(1)
Location, Not Names	95	(1)
Special Addresses	96	(3)
Private Addresses	99	(1)
Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Addresses	100	(1)
An Example	101	(1)
Subnetting and Supernetting	102	(7)
Subnetting	102	(5)
Supernetting	107	(1)
Supernet Mask	107	(1)
Obsolescence	108	(1)
Key Terms	109	(1)
Summary	109	(1)
Practice Set	110	(5)
Exercises	110	(3)
Research Activities	113	(2)
IP Addresses: Classless Addressing	115	(16)
Variable-Length Blocks	115	(7)
Restrictions	116	(2)
Finding the Block	118	(3)
Granted Block	121	(1)
Subnetting	122	(4)
Finding the Subnet Mask	122	(1)
Finding the Subnet Addresses	123	(1)
Variable-Length Subnets	124	(2)
Address Allocation	126	(1)
Key Terms	127	(1)
Summary	128	(1)
Practice Set	128	(3)
Exercises	128	(2)
Research Activities	130	(1)
Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing of IP Packets	131	(28)
Delivery	131	(2)
Connection Types	131	(1)
Direct Versus Indirect Delivery	132	(1)
Forwarding	133	(15)
Forwarding Techniques	134	(2)
Forwarding with Classful Addressing	136	(5)
Forwarding with Classless Addressing	141	(7)
Combination	148	(1)
Routing	148	(3)
Static Versus Dynamic Routing Tables	148	(1)
Routing Table	149	(2)
Structure of a Router	151	(3)
Components	151	(3)
Key Terms	154	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
Practice Set	156	(3)
Exercises	156	(1)
Research Activities	157	(2)
ARP and RARP	159	(20)
ARP	160	(6)
Packet Format	162	(1)
Encapsulation	163	(1)
Operation	163	(3)
ARP over ATM	166	(1)
Proxy ARP	166	(1)
ARP Package	166	(7)
Cache Table	167	(1)
Queues	168	(1)
Output Module	168	(1)
Input Module	169	(1)
Cache-Control Module	170	(1)
More Examples	171	(2)
RARP	173	(2)
Packet Format	174	(1)
Encapsulation	175	(1)
RARP Server	175	(1)
Alternative Solutions to RARP	175	(1)
Key Terms	175	(1)
Summary	176	(1)
Practice Set	176	(3)
Exercises	176	(1)
Research Activities	177	(2)
Internet Protocol (IP)	179	(32)
Datagram	180	(6)
Fragmentation	186	(5)
Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU)	186	(2)
Fields Related to Fragmentation	188	(3)
Options	191	(9)
Format	191	(1)
Option Types	192	(8)
Checksum	200	(3)
Checksum Calculation at the Sender	200	(1)
Checksum Calculation at the Receiver	200	(1)
Checksum in the IP Packet	201	(2)
IP Package	203	(5)
Header-Adding Module	204	(1)
Processing Module	204	(1)
Queues	205	(1)
Routing Table	205	(1)
Forwarding Module	205	(1)
MTU Table	205	(1)
Fragmentation Module	206	(1)
Reassembly Table	206	(1)
Reassembly Module	207	(1)
Key Terms	208	(1)
Summary	208	(1)
Practice Set	209	(2)
Exercises	209	(1)
Research Activities	210	(1)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)	211	(26)
Types of Messages	212	(1)
Message Format	213	(1)
Error Reporting	213	(8)
Destination Unreachable	214	(2)
Source Quench	216	(2)
Time Exceeded	218	(1)
Parameter Problem	219	(1)
Redirection	219	(2)
Query	221	(5)
Echo Request and Reply	221	(2)
Timestamp Request and Reply	223	(1)
Address-Mask Request and Reply	224	(1)
Router Solicitation and Advertisement	225	(1)
Checksum	226	(1)
Checksum Calculation	226	(1)
Checksum Testing	226	(1)
Debugging Tools	227	(5)
Ping	227	(2)
Traceroute	229	(3)
ICMP Package	232	(2)
Input Module	232	(1)
Output Module	233	(1)
Key Terms	234	(1)
Summary	234	(1)
Practice Set	235	(2)
Exercises	235	(1)
Research Activities	236	(1)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)	237	(18)
Group Management	237	(1)
IGMP Messages	238	(1)
Message Format	238	(1)
IGMP Operation	239	(5)
Joining a Group	240	(1)
Leaving a Group	241	(1)
Monitoring Membership	241	(3)
Encapsulation	244	(3)
IP Layer	244	(1)
Data Link Layer	245	(2)
Netstat Utility	247	(1)
IGMP Package	247	(4)
Group Table	248	(1)
Timers	249	(1)
Group-Joining Module	249	(1)
Group-Leaving Module	249	(1)
Input Module	250	(1)
Output Module	251	(1)
Key Terms	251	(1)
Summary	251	(1)
Practice Set	252	(3)
Exercises	252	(2)
Research Activities	254	(1)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	255	(20)
Process-to-Process Communication	256	(4)
Port Numbers	256	(4)
Socket Addresses	260	(1)
User Datagram	260	(2)
Checksum	262	(2)
Checksum Calculation at Sender	262	(1)
Checksum Calculation at Receiver	263	(1)
An Example	263	(1)
Optional Use of the Checksum	264	(1)
UDP Operation	264	(3)
Connectionless Services	264	(1)
Flow and Error Control	264	(1)
Encapsulation and Decapsulation	264	(1)
Queuing	265	(2)
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing	267	(1)
Use of UDP	267	(1)
UDP Package	268	(3)
Control-Block Table	268	(1)
Input Queues	269	(1)
Control-Block Module	269	(1)
Input Module	269	(1)
Output Module	270	(1)
Examples	270	(1)
Key Terms	271	(1)
Summary	272	(1)
Practice Set	272	(3)
Exercises	272	(2)
Research Activities	274	(1)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	275	(70)
TCP Services	276	(3)
Process-to-Process Communication	276	(1)
Stream Delivery Service	277	(1)
Full-Duplex Communication	278	(1)
Connection-Oriented Service	279	(1)
Reliable Service	279	(1)
TCP Features	279	(2)
Numbering System	280	(1)
Flow Control	281	(1)
Error Control	281	(1)
Congestion Control	281	(1)
Segment	281	(3)
Format	282	(2)
Encapsulation	284	(1)
A TCP Connection	284	(8)
Connection Establishment	285	(2)
Data Transfer	287	(2)
Connection Termination	289	(2)
Connection Reset	291	(1)
State Transition Diagram	292	(7)
Scenarios	293	(6)
Flow Control	299	(6)
Sliding Window Protocol	300	(4)
Silly Window Syndrome	304	(1)
Error Control	305	(7)
Checksum	305	(1)
Acknowledgment	306	(1)
Acknowledgment Type	307	(1)
Retransmission	307	(1)
Out-of-Order Segments	308	(1)
Some Scenarios	308	(4)
Congestion Control	312	(8)
Network Performance	313	(2)
Congestion Control Mechanisms	315	(1)
Congestion Control in TCP	316	(4)
TCP Timers	320	(5)
Retransmission Timer	320	(3)
Persistence Timer	323	(1)
Keepalive Timer	324	(1)
Time-Wait Timer	325	(1)
Options	325	(8)
TCP Package	333	(5)
Transmission Control Blocks (TCBs)	333	(1)
Timers	334	(1)
Main Module	334	(4)
Input Processing Module	338	(1)
Output Processing Module	338	(1)
Key Terms	338	(1)
Summary	339	(2)
Practice Set	341	(4)
Exercises	341	(2)
Research Activities	343	(2)
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)	345	(40)
SCTP Services	346	(3)
Process-to-Process Communication	346	(1)
Multiple Streams	347	(1)
Multihoming	347	(1)
Full-Duplex Communication	348	(1)
Connection-Oriented Service	348	(1)
Reliable Service	349	(1)
SCTP Features	349	(4)
Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)	349	(1)
Stream Identifier (SI)	349	(1)
Stream Sequence Number (SSN)	349	(1)
Packets	350	(2)
Acknowledgment Number	352	(1)
Flow Control	352	(1)
Error Control	352	(1)
Congestion Control	352	(1)
Packet Format	353	(9)
General Header	353	(1)
Chunks	354	(8)
An SCTP Association	362	(7)
Association Establishment	362	(3)
Data Transfer	365	(3)
Association Termination	368	(1)
Association Abortion	368	(1)
State Transition Diagram	369	(4)
Scenarios	370	(2)
Simultaneous Close	372	(1)
Flow Control	373	(3)
Receiver Site	373	(1)
Sender Site	374	(1)
A Scenario	375	(1)
Error Control	376	(4)
Receiver Site	376	(1)
Sender Site	377	(1)
Sending Data Chunks	378	(1)
Generating Sack Chunks	379	(1)
Congestion Control	380	(1)
Congestion Control and Multihoming	380	(1)
Explicit Congestion Notification	380	(1)
Key Terms	380	(1)
Summary	381	(1)
Practice Set	382	(3)
Exercises	382	(2)
Research Activities	384	(1)
Unicast Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, and BGP)	385	(52)
Intra- and Interdomain Routing	386	(1)
Distance Vector Routing	387	(5)
Initialization	387	(1)
Sharing	388	(1)
Updating	388	(1)
When to Share	389	(1)
Two-Node Loop Instability	390	(1)
Three-Node Instability	391	(1)
RIP	392	(6)
RIP Message Format	394	(1)
Requests and Responses	394	(2)
Timers in RIP	396	(1)
RIP Version 2	397	(1)
Encapsulation	398	(1)
Link State Routing	398	(6)
Building Routing Tables	400	(4)
OSPF	404	(17)
Areas	404	(1)
Metric	404	(1)
Types of Links	405	(2)
Graphical Representation	407	(1)
OSPF Packets	408	(1)
Link State Update Packet	409	(9)
Other Packets	418	(3)
Encapsulation	421	(1)
Path Vector Routing	421	(3)
Initialization	422	(1)
Sharing	422	(1)
Updating	422	(2)
BGP	424	(6)
Types of Autonomous Systems	424	(1)
Path Attributes	424	(1)
BGP Sessions	425	(1)
External and Internal BGP	425	(1)
Types of Packets	426	(1)
Packet Format	426	(4)
Encapsulation	430	(1)
Key Terms	430	(1)
Summary	431	(1)
Practice Set	432	(5)
Exercises	432	(2)
Research Activities	434	(3)
Multicasting and Multicast Routing Protocols	437	(20)
Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast	437	(3)
Unicasting	437	(1)
Multicasting	438	(1)
Broadcasting	439	(1)
Multicasting versus Multiple Unicasting	439	(1)
Multicast Applications	440	(1)
Access to Distributed Databases	440	(1)
Information Dissemination	440	(1)
Dissemination of News	440	(1)
Teleconferencing	441	(1)
Distance Learning	441	(1)
Multicast Routing	441	(3)
Optimal Routing: Shortest Path Trees	441	(3)
Routing Protocols	444	(1)
Multicast Link State Routing: MOSPF	444	(1)
Multicast Link State Routing	444	(1)
MOSPF	445	(1)
Multicast Distance Vector: DVMRP	445	(4)
Multicast Distance Vector Routing	445	(4)
DVMRP	449	(1)
CBT	449	(2)
Formation of the Tree	449	(1)
Sending Multicast Packets	450	(1)
Selecting the Rendezvous Router	450	(1)
Summary	451	(1)
PIM	451	(1)
PIM-DM	452	(1)
PIM-SM	452	(1)
MBONE	452	(2)
Key Terms	454	(1)
Summary	454	(1)
Practice Set	455	(2)
Exercises	455	(1)
Research Activities	455	(2)
Host Configuration: BOOTP and DHCP	457	(14)
BOOTP	457	(6)
Operation	48	(413)
Packet Format	461	(2)
DHCP	463	(5)
Static Address Allocation	463	(1)
Dynamic Address Allocation	464	(1)
Manual and Automatic Configuration	464	(1)
Packet Format	464	(1)
Transition States	465	(2)
Exchanging Messages	467	(1)
Key Terms	468	(1)
Summary	468	(1)
Practice Set	468	(3)
Exercises	468	(1)
Research Activities	469	(2)
Domain Name System (DNS)	471	(28)
Name Space	471	(1)
Flat Name Space	472	(1)
Hierarchical Name Space	472	(1)
Domain Name Space	472	(3)
Label	472	(1)
Domain Name	472	(2)
Domain	474	(1)
Distribution of Name Space	475	(2)
Hierarchy of Name Servers	475	(1)
Zone	475	(1)
Root Server	476	(1)
Primary and Secondary Servers	477	(1)
DNS in the Internet	477	(4)
Generic Domains	478	(1)
Country Domains	479	(1)
Inverse Domain	480	(1)
Registrar	481	(1)
Resolution	481	(2)
Resolver	481	(1)
Mapping Names to Addresses	481	(1)
Mapping Addresses to Names	481	(1)
Recursive Resolution	481	(1)
Iterative Resolution	482	(1)
Caching	482	(1)
DNS Messages	483	(3)
Header	484	(2)
Types of Records	486	(3)
Question Record	486	(2)
Resource Record	488	(1)
Compression	489	(4)
DDNS	493	(1)
Encapsulation	493	(1)
Key Terms	494	(1)
Summary	495	(1)
Practice Set	496	(3)
Exercises	496	(1)
Research Activities	497	(2)
Remote Login: Telnet	499	(20)
Concept	499	(2)
Time-Sharing Environment	499	(1)
Login	500	(1)
Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)	501	(1)
NVT Character Set	502	(1)
Data Characters	502	(1)
Remote Control Characters	502	(1)
Embedding	503	(1)
Options	504	(1)
Option Negotiation	505	(3)
Enabling an Option	505	(1)
Disabling an Option	506	(2)
Symmetry	508	(1)
Suboption Negotiation	508	(1)
Controlling the Server	509	(1)
Out-of-Band Signaling	510	(1)
Escape Character	511	(1)
Mode of Operation	512	(1)
Default Mode	512	(1)
Character Mode	512	(1)
Line Mode	512	(1)
User Interface	513	(2)
Security Issue	515	(1)
Key Terms	515	(1)
Summary	515	(1)
Practice Set	516	(3)
Exercises	516	(1)
Research Activities	517	(2)
File Transfer: FTP and TFTP	519	(28)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)	519	(14)
Connections	520	(1)
Communication	521	(3)
Command Processing	524	(5)
File Transfer	529	(3)
Anonymous FTP	532	(1)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)	533	(9)
Messages	534	(2)
Connection	536	(1)
Data Transfer	537	(2)
UDP Ports	539	(1)
TFTP Example	540	(1)
TFTP Options	541	(1)
Security	542	(1)
Applications	542	(1)
Key Terms	542	(1)
Summary	543	(1)
Practice Set	544	(3)
Exercises	544	(1)
Research Activities	545	(2)
Electronic Mail: SMTP, POP, and IMAP	547	(28)
Architecture	547	(4)
First Scenario	547	(1)
Second Scenario	548	(1)
Third Scenario	549	(1)
Fourth Scenario	550	(1)
User Agent	551	(10)
Services Provided by a User Agent	551	(1)
User Agent Types	552	(1)
Sending Mail	553	(1)
Receiving Mail	554	(1)
Addresses	554	(1)
Mailing List	555	(1)
MIME	555	(6)
Message Transfer Agent: SMTP	561	(8)
Commands and Responses	561	(5)
Mail Transfer Phases	566	(3)
Message Access Agent: POP and IMAP	569	(2)
POP3	569	(1)
IMAP4	570	(1)
Web-Based Mail	571	(1)
Key Terms	571	(1)
Summary	571	(1)
Practice Set	571	(4)
Exercises	572	(1)
Research Activities	573	(2)
Network Management: SNMP	575	(24)
Concept	575	(1)
Managers and Agents	576	(1)
Management Components	576	(3)
Role of SNMP	576	(1)
Role of SMI	577	(1)
Role of MIB	577	(1)
An Analogy	577	(1)
An Overview	578	(1)
SMI	579	(6)
Name	579	(1)
Type	580	(2)
Encoding Method	582	(3)
MIB	585	(4)
Accessing MIB Variables	585	(3)
Lexicographic Ordering	588	(1)
SNMP	589	(3)
PDUs	589	(2)
Format	591	(1)
Messages	592	(3)
UDP Ports	595	(1)
Security	595	(1)
Key Terms	596	(1)
Summary	596	(1)
Practice Set	597	(2)
Exercises	597	(1)
Research Activities	597	(2)
World Wide Web: HTTP	599	(22)
Architecture	599	(3)
Client (Browser)	600	(1)
Server	600	(1)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)	601	(1)
Cookies	601	(1)
Web Documents	602	(7)
Static Documents	603	(2)
Dynamic Documents	605	(3)
Active Documents	608	(1)
HTTP	609	(8)
HTTP Transaction	609	(7)
Persistent versus Nonpersistent Connection	616	(1)
Proxy Server	617	(1)
Key Terms	617	(1)
Summary	617	(2)
Practice Set	619	(2)
Exercises	619	(1)
Research Activities	620	(1)
IP over ATM	621	(16)
ATM WANS	621	(4)
Layers	621	(4)
Carrying a Datagram in Cells	625	(1)
Why Use AAL5?	626	(1)
Routing the Cells	626	(1)
Addresses	627	(1)
Address Binding	627	(1)
ATMARP	627	(5)
Packet Format	628	(1)
ATMARP Operation	629	(3)
Logical IP Subnet (LIS)	632	(1)
Key Terms	633	(1)
Summary	633	(1)
Practice Set	634	(3)
Exercises	634	(1)
Research Activities	635	(2)
Mobile IP	637	(14)
Addressing	637	(2)
Stationary Hosts	637	(1)
Mobile Hosts	637	(2)
Agents	639	(1)
Home Agent	639	(1)
Foreign Agent	639	(1)
Three Phases	640	(6)
Agent Discovery	640	(2)
Registration	642	(2)
Data Transfer	644	(2)
Inefficiency in Mobile IP	646	(1)
Double Crossing	646	(1)
Triangle Routing	646	(1)
Solution	647	(1)
Key Terms	647	(1)
Summary	648	(1)
Practice Set	648	(3)
Exercises	648	(1)
Research Activities	649	(2)
Multimedia	651	(28)
Digitizing Audio and Video	652	(1)
Digitizing Audio	652	(1)
Digitizing Video	652	(1)
Audio and Video Compression	653	(6)
Audio Compression	653	(1)
Video Compression	654	(5)
Streaming Stored Audio/Video	659	(3)
First Approach: Using a Web Server	659	(1)
Second Approach: Using a Web Server with Metafile	659	(1)
Third Approach: Using a Media Server	660	(1)
Fourth Approach: Using a Media Server and RTSP	660	(2)
Streaming Live Audio/Video	662	(1)
Real-Time Interactive Audio/Video	662	(5)
Characteristics	662	(5)
RTP	667	(2)
RTP Packet Format	667	(2)
UDP Port	669	(1)
RTCP	669	(1)
Sender Report	670	(1)
Receiver Report	670	(1)
Source Description Message	670	(1)
Bye Message	670	(1)
Application Specific Message	670	(1)
UDP Port	670	(1)
Voice Over IP	670	(5)
SIP	671	(2)
H.323	673	(2)
Key Terms	675	(1)
Summary	676	(1)
Practice Set	677	(2)
Exercises	677	(1)
Research Activities	677	(2)
Private Networks, Virtual Private Networks, and Network Address Translation	679	(10)
Private Networks	679	(1)
Intranet	679	(1)
Extranet	679	(1)
Addressing	680	(1)
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)	680	(4)
Achieving Privacy	680	(2)
VPN Technology	682	(2)
Network Address Translation (NAT)	684	(3)
Address Translation	684	(1)
Translation Table	684	(3)
NAT and ISP	687	(1)
Key Terms	687	(1)
Summary	687	(1)
Practice Set	688	(1)
Exercises	688	(1)
Research Activities	688	(1)
Next Generation: IPv6 and ICMPv6	689	(38)
IPv6	690	(19)
IPv6 Addresses	690	(2)
Address Space Assignment	692	(5)
Packet Format	697	(12)
Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6	709	(1)
ICMPv6	709	(9)
Error Reporting	710	(3)
Query	713	(5)
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6	718	(4)
Dual Stack	718	(1)
Tunneling	719	(1)
Header Translation	720	(2)
Key Terms	722	(1)
Summary	722	(1)
Practice Set	723	(4)
Exercises	723	(2)
Research Activities	725	(2)
Network Security	727	(44)
Cryptography	727	(8)
Symmetric-Key Cryptography	728	(4)
Public-Key Cryptography	732	(2)
Comparison	734	(1)
Privacy	735	(1)
Privacy with Symmetric-Key Cryptography	735	(1)
Privacy with Asymmetric-Key Cryptography	736	(1)
Digital Signature	736	(4)
Signing the Whole Document	737	(1)
Signing the Digest	738	(2)
Entity Authentication	740	(2)
Entity Authentication with Symmetric-Key Cryptography	740	(1)
Entity Authentication with Public-Key Cryptography	741	(1)
Key Management	742	(12)
Symmetric-Key Distribution	742	(7)
Public-Key Certification	749	(2)
Kerberos	751	(3)
Security in the Internet	754	(9)
IP Level Security: IPSec	754	(4)
Transport Layer Security	758	(4)
Application Layer Security: PGP	762	(1)
Firewalls	763	(2)
Packet-Filter Firewall	763	(1)
Proxy Firewall	764	(1)
Key Terms	765	(1)
Summary	766	(2)
Practice Set	768	(3)
Exercises	768	(1)
Research Activities	769	(2)
Appendix A ASCII Code	771	(5)
Appendix B Numbering Systems	776	(7)
B.1 Base 10: Decimal	776	(1)
Weights	777	(1)
B.2 Base 2: Binary	777	(1)
Weights	777	(1)
Binary to Decimal	777	(1)
Decimal to Binary	777	(1)
B.3 Base 16: Hexadecimal	778	(1)
Weights	778	(1)
Hexadecimal to Decimal	778	(1)
Decimal to Hexadecimal	778	(1)
B.4 Base 256: IP Addresses	779	(1)
Weights	779	(1)
IP Addresses to Decimal	779	(1)
Decimal to IP Addresses	780	(1)
B.5 A Comparison	780	(1)
B.6 Other Transformations	781	(2)
From Binary to Hexadecimal	781	(1)
From Hexadecimal to Binary	782	(1)
From Base 256 to Binary	782	(1)
From Binary to Base 256	782	(1)
Appendix C Checksum	783	(7)
C.1 Traditional	784	(2)
Calculation in Binary	784	(1)
Calculation in Hexadecimal	785	(1)
Decimal Calculation	785	(1)
C.2 Fletcher	786	(2)
Eight-Bit Fletcher	787	(1)
Sixteen-Bit Fletcher	788	(1)
C.3 Adler	788	(2)
Appendix D Error Detection	790	(9)
D.1 Types of Errors	790	(2)
Single-Bit Error	790	(1)
Burst Error	791	(1)
D.2 Detection	792	(7)
Redundancy	792	(1)
Parity Check	793	(1)
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)	794	(4)
Checksum	798	(1)
Appendix E Project 802	799	(4)
E.1 Project 802.1	800	(1)
E.2 Project 802.2	800	(3)
LLC	800	(1)
MAC	801	(2)
Appendix F Contact Addresses	803	(2)
Appendix G RFCs	805	(2)
Appendix H UDP and TCP Ports	807	(2)
Glossary	809	(24)
References	833	(2)
Index	835