Teaching Elementary Physical Education : Strategies for the Classroom Teacher,9780805328349

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Teaching Elementary Physical Education : Strategies for the Classroom Teacher

by Hastie, Peter; Martin, Ellen

Edition:

1st

ISBN13:

9780805328349

ISBN10:

0805328343

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

3/18/2005

Publisher(s):

Benjamin Cummings

Other versions by this Author

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Summary

Teaching Elementary Physical Education: Strategies for the Classroom Teachergives elementary education teachers the tools and strategies they need to teach physical education using a skills-based approach. Designed for the non-physical education teacher, the book provides a shorter, more focused presentation of how and what to teach in physical education.Introduction to Elementary Physical Education, Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment, Motor Skills to Children, The Daily Physical Education Lesson Plan, Strategies for Instruction, Strategies for Assessing Student Work, Managing a Physical Education Class: Protocols, Rules, and Accountability Systems, Managing Equipment, Space, and Time, Strategies for Managing Behavior During a Physical Education Lesson, Creating a Physically Safe Learning Environment, Strategies for Teaching Locomotor and Nonlocomotor Skills, Strategies for Teaching Manipulative Skills, Strategies for Teaching Games, Strategies for Teaching Rhythmic Movement, Strategies for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness, Strategies for Complementing Classroom Work.For all readers interested in teaching elementary physical education.

Author Biography

Ellen H. Martin is an assistant professor at Columbus State University in the Department of Teacher Education. Peter Hastie is currently a professor at Auburn University in the Department of Health and Human Performance.

Preface

About the Authors

(1)

UNIT I THE WORLD OF CHILDHOOD PHYSICAL EDUCATION

(56)

Introduction to Elementary Physical Education

(22)

What Are the Benefits of Physical Activity?

(5)

Health Benefits

(2)

Cognitive Benefits

(1)

Social Benefits

(1)

Emotional Benefits

(1)

The Shared Mission of All Teachers

(1)

The Unique Mission of Physical Educators

(4)

The Role of the Physical Education Teacher in the Elementary School

(1)

The Teacher's Impact on Children's Perceptions of Physical Education

(2)

How Physical Education Is Changing

(1)

Effective Teaching in the Physical Education Setting

(5)

Creating a Positive Learning Environment

(1)

Being a Good Communicator

(1)

Being a Knowledgeable Practitioner

(1)

Providing Meaningful Feedback

(1)

Creating Stimulating Learning Tasks

(1)

Being Concerned with Student Achievement

(1)

What Classroom Teachers Bring to Physical Education

(1)

Final Words

(3)

Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment

(14)

What Inclusion Means in Physical Education

(1)

Noninclusion Causes Feelings of Social Isolation

(1)

The Four S's: Safe, Successful, Satisfying, and Skill-Appropriate

(2)

Including Children's Religious and Cultural Values

(2)

Including Children Who Are Severely Overweight

(1)

Including Girls and Boys Equally

(1)

Including Students with Disabilities

(4)

Final Words

(1)

Teaching Motor Skills to Children

(17)

Expect Wide Variations in Childhood Motor Skills

(1)

Children Develop Motor Skills Progressively

(3)

Physical and Psychological Readiness

(1)

Sequential Development

(1)

Cumulative Development

(1)

Directional Development

(1)

Teaching Motor Skills in Physical Education

(8)

Classifying Motor Skills

(3)

Developing Logical Skill Progressions

(1)

Progression Trees as Logical Progressions

(4)

Appropriate Content for Elementary Physical Education

(2)

Movement Concepts

(1)

Fundamental Motor Skills (Skill Themes)

(2)

Final Words

(2)

UNIT II INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION

(82)

The Daily Physical Education Lesson Plan

(20)

Qualities of Effective Planners

(2)

Patience

(1)

Flexibility

(1)

Persistence

(1)

Self-Knowledge

(1)

Physical Education Lesson Plans Are Valuable Documents

(1)

Addressing State Requirements or National Standards

(2)

The Daily Physical Education Lesson Plan

(9)

The Lesson's Focus

(2)

Preparations for the Lesson

(1)

Content Progression

(3)

Ending the Lesson

(3)

Lesson Plan Formats

(4)

Scripted Formats

(1)

Column Lesson Plans

(4)

Final Words

(2)

Strategies for Instruction

(24)

The Importance of Effective Communication

(1)

Strategies for Structuring a Lesson

(1)

Begin Class with an Instant Activity

(2)

Presenting the Instant Activity

(1)

The Benefits of Instant Activities

(2)

Creating Your Own Instant Activities

(1)

Beginning a Lesson

(3)

How to Introduce the Day's Lesson

(1)

Scaffolding: Building a Foundation for Present and Future Skills

(1)

Designing a Set Induction

(1)

The Body of the Lesson

(1)

Visual Demonstration

(1)

Questioning and Problem Solving

(5)

Framing Questions

(1)

Effective Strategies for Receiving Responses

(2)

Wait Time

(1)

Types of Questions

(2)

Know-Want-Learn (K-W-L)

(1)

Convergent Problem Solving

(1)

Divergent Problem Solving

(1)

Checking for Understanding

(2)

Strategies for Checking for Understanding

(2)

Lack of Response to Checks for Understanding

(1)

Monitoring Student Work

(4)

Move around the Gymnasium

100

(1)

Provide Students with Feedback

100

(1)

Individualizing Instruction

101

(2)

Wrapping Up the Lesson

103

(1)

Final Words

103

(2)

Strategies for Assessing Student Work

105

(35)

A Case for Assessment in Physical Education

106

(2)

Types of Assessment

108

(1)

Alternative Assessment

109

(1)

The Assessment Road Map

110

(1)

Step One: Determining Student Outcomes

111

(5)

Step Two: Assessment Tools

116

(13)

Observational Assessments

116

(8)

Other Forms of Assessment

124

(5)

Step Three: Evaluating Student Progress

129

(5)

Rubrics

129

(3)

Student Portfolios

132

(2)

Step Four: Grading

134

(4)

The Right Time to Assess

138

(1)

Final Words

138

(2)

UNIT III MANAGING THE DELIVERY OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSON

140

(58)

Managing a Physical Education Class: Protocols, Rules, and Accountability Systems

143

(11)

Tasks as Objects of Management

144

(1)

Protocols as Management Tools

145

(1)

Applying Rules

146

(1)

Accountability in Physical Education

146

(6)

Accountability Systems

147

(1)

Levels of Accountability

147

(2)

Formal and Informal Accountability

149

(1)

Active Supervision

149

(3)

Final Words

152

(2)

Managing Equipment, Space, and Time

154

(17)

Managing Equipment

156

(3)

Transporting Equipment

156

(2)

Distributing Equipment to Children

158

(1)

Returning Equipment

159

(1)

Managing Space

159

(2)

Personal Space

159

(1)

General Space

160

(1)

Managing Time

161

(2)

Stopping Work, Gaining Attention, and Dealing with Equipment

161

(2)

Protocols for Resuming Work

163

(1)

Signal for Gathering

163

(1)

Using Stations as a Way of Managing Space, Equipment, and Time

163

(6)

Advantages of Stations

164

(1)

Designing Stations

165

(2)

Rotating Students among Stations

167

(1)

The Teacher's Role during Station Work

168

(1)

When to Avoid Using Stations

168

(1)

Final Words

169

(2)

Strategies for Managing Behavior during the Physical Education Lesson

171

(15)

General Rules for Physical Education Settings

172

(7)

Rule 1: Listen and Follow Directions

173

(1)

Rule 2: Be Respectful of Others

174

(4)

Rule 3: Take Care of Equipment

178

(1)

Rule 4: Work Safely in Your Environment

179

(1)

Protocols for Ending Physical Education Lessons

179

(2)

Lining Up

180

(1)

Consequences of Breaking Behavioral Rules and Protocols

181

(3)

A Cardinal Rule of Behavior for Teachers: Never Use Exercise as Punishment

184

(1)

Final Words

184

(2)

Creating a Physically Safe Learning Environment

186

(12)

Guiding Principles of Physical Education Safety

187

(6)

Facility Safety

187

(1)

Equipment Safety

188

(1)

Instructional Practices That Promote Safety

189

(2)

Supervision

191

(1)

Footwear

191

(2)

Responding to Accidents and Injuries

193

(1)

Learning a Child's Medical History

194

(1)

Responsible Playground Supervision

194

(2)

Final Words

196

(2)

UNIT IV SELECTING PHYSICAL EDUCATION CONTENT

198

(196)

Locomotor and Nonlocomotor Skills

201

(46)

What Are Locomotor Skills?

202

(1)

What Are Nonlocomotor Skills?

203

(1)

Motor Skill Progression Trees

203

(2)

Chasing, Fleeing, and Dodging

205

(8)

Teaching Chasing, Fleeing, and Dodging

205

(1)

Sample Learning Tasks for Chasing, Fleeing, and Dodging

206

(7)

Jumping and Landing

213

(8)

Teaching Jumping and Landing

213

(1)

Sample Learning Tasks for Jumping and Landing

214

(7)

How to Teach Nonlocomotor Skills

221

(3)

Balancing

224

(13)

Teaching Balancing

224

(1)

Sample Learning Tasks for Balancing

225

(12)

Combining Locomotor and Nonlocomotor Skills---Gymnastics

237

(1)

Is Equipment Necessary to Teach Gymnastics?

238

(1)

Equipment Safety Issues during Gymnastics Lessons

238

(1)

How to Teach Educational Gymnastics

239

(4)

Designing Movement Problems

239

(2)

The Necessity of Spotting

241

(1)

Sequences as Advanced Movement Problems

241

(1)

Peer Evaluation

242

(1)

Progression through the Grade Levels

243

(2)

Final Words

245

(2)

Manipulative Skills

247

(84)

Throwing and Catching

249

(17)

Sample Learning Tasks for Throwing

249

(9)

Sample Learning Tasks for Catching

258

(8)

Kicking and Punting

266

(18)

Sample Learning Tasks for Kicking

267

(9)

Sample Learning Tasks for Punting

276

(8)

Dribbling with the Hands and Feet

284

(19)

Sample Learning Tasks for Dribbling with the Hand

285

(8)

Sample Learning Tasks for Dribbling with the Feet

293

(10)

Volleying

303

(8)

Sample Learning Tasks for Volleying

303

(8)

Striking with Rackets and Paddles

311

(9)

Sample Learning Tasks for Striking with Rackets and Paddles

311

(9)

Striking with Long-Handled Implements

320

(9)

Sample Learning Tasks for Striking with Long-Handled Implements

320

(9)

Final Words

329

(2)

Strategies for Teaching Games

331

(33)

The Place of Games in the Physical Education Curriculum

333

(1)

Criteria for Selecting Suitable Games for Elementary School Children

333

(5)

Criterion 1: The Game Should Contribute to Motor Skill Development

334

(1)

Criterion 2: The Game Must Be Physically and Emotionally Safe

334

(1)

Criterion 3: The Game Should Not Be Based on Player Elimination

335

(1)

Criterion 4: The Game Should Give Students Frequent Turns to Play

335

(1)

Criterion 5: Structure the Games so Children Feel Challenged

336

(1)

Modifying Games to Make Them Appropriate for Children

336

(1)

An ``Obvious'' Conclusion: Adult Games Are Not Suitable for Children

337

(1)

When Are Elementary School Children Ready to Play Games?

338

(1)

Child-Designed Games

339

(3)

Getting the Game-Design Process Started

339

(1)

Game Focus

340

(1)

The OKs of Child-Designed Games

341

(1)

Getting Organized for Teaching Games

342

(8)

Presenting a Game to Students

343

(7)

Minitournaments

350

(10)

Phase 1: Getting Ready to Play

352

(4)

Phase 2: Practice Competition

356

(3)

Phase 3: Competition Games

359

(1)

Final Words

360

(4)

Strategies for Teaching Rhythmic Movement

364

(30)

The Place of Rhythmic Movement in the Physical Education Curriculum

365

(1)

The Progression Tree for Teaching Rhythmic Movement to Students

366

(2)

Developing Basic Rhythm Skills

368

(6)

Establishing a Four-Count Beat for Children to Follow

368

(1)

Adding an Accent

369

(1)

Actions in Self-Space to Rhythm

370

(1)

Locomotor Movements to a Rhythm

370

(2)

Adding Props

372

(1)

Repeat the Above Steps with Music

373

(1)

Expanding Rhythm Skills

374

(2)

Moving Rhythmically to a Three-Count Beat

374

(1)

Moving to One-Half Counts

374

(1)

Revisiting Expanding Rhythms with Music

375

(1)

Mastering Rhythm Skills

376

(15)

Line Dancing

376

(7)

Tinikling

383

(1)

Folk Dancing

384

(4)

Creating Student-Designed Rhythmic Movement Dances

388

(1)

Rhythmic Dance Scripts

389

(1)

Performing in Front of Others

390

(1)

Final Words

391

(3)

UNIT V PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THE SCHOOL DAY

394

(61)

Strategies for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness

397

(34)

How Do We Define Physical Activity and Fitness?

399

(1)

Physical Activity: How Much Do Children Get and How Much Do They Need?

400

(2)

The Physical Activity Pyramid

401

(1)

Fostering High Activity Levels during the Physical Education Class

402

(3)

Incorporate Instant Activities

403

(1)

Provide Activities for Students Who Are Waiting Their Turn

403

(1)

Intersperse Activity-Oriented Tasks between Skill-Development Tasks

403

(1)

Use Pedometers to Promote Awareness of Activity Levels

404

(1)

Exercise for Students with Special Needs

405

(1)

Project Positive Messages about Physical Activity and Fitness

405

(1)

Stick to Your Physical Education Schedule

405

(1)

Present Physical Education Lessons with Enthusiasm and Praise

406

(1)

Promoting Cardiovascular Fitness

406

(6)

Jump Rope

406

(3)

Running

409

(1)

Games That Promote Cardiovascular Fitness

410

(1)

Cardiovascular Fitness Ideas for Students with Special Needs

411

(1)

Promoting Muscular Strength and Endurance

412

(9)

Developing Arm Strength and Endurance

412

(5)

Developing Leg Strength and Endurance

417

(1)

Developing Abdominal Strength and Endurance

418

(1)

Muscle of the Week

418

(1)

Muscular Strength and Endurance Ideas for Students with Special Needs

419

(2)

Promoting Flexibility Through Stretching

421

(4)

Stretching as the Key to Developing Flexibility

422

(1)

Appropriate and Inappropriate Stretches for Children

422

(2)

Games and Other Activities That Promote Flexibility

424

(1)

Flexibility Ideas for Children with Special Needs

425

(1)

Prompt Children to be Active Out-of-School and during Recess

425

(1)

Fitness Testing and Its Role in Physical Education

425

(4)

The Role of Fitness Testing

426

(1)

Fitness Tests and Health Standards

427

(1)

Administration of Fitness Tests

427

(2)

Final Words

429

(2)

Interdisciplinary Strategies for Physical Education

431

(24)

Levels of Curriculum Integration

433

(1)

Devising Your Own Cross-Disciplinary Topics

434

(1)

Interdisciplinary Examples: Linking Physical Education Content to Other Subjects

434

(11)

Linking Physical Education Content to Math Lessons

436

(2)

Linking Physical Education Content to the Language Arts

438

(3)

Linking Physical Education Content to the Study of Science

441

(1)

Linking Physical Education Content to Social Studies

442

(3)

Applying Classroom Study Topics to Physical Education Lessons

445

(8)

Math Content in a Physical Education Lesson

446

(1)

Language Arts Content in a Physical Education Lesson

447

(2)

Science Content in a Physical Education Lesson

449

(2)

Social Studies Content in a Physical Education Lesson

451

(2)

Final Words

453

(2)

Glossary

455

(3)

Index

458

(9)

Credits

467

Teaching Elementary Physical Education : Strategies for the Classroom Teacher

9780805328349

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Summary

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Table of Contents