Teaching Secondary School Science : Strategies for Developing Scientific Literacy

by Trowbridge, Leslie W.; Bybee, Rodger W.; Powell, Janet Carlson

• ISBN13: 9780139773723
• ISBN10: 013977372X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For graduate and undergraduate courses in Methods of Teaching Secondary School Science, Trends in Science Education, Curriculum Development in Secondary Schools and Middle School Science Methods. This market-leading text has been updated to reflect the latest in learning theory, science reform, and professional development. With their extensive teaching experience, the authors convey principles and practices of secondary school science teaching through practical examples of successful teaching strategies.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION	1	(42)
Chapter 1 Becoming a Science Teacher	3	(19)
Am I Qualified to Teach Science?	3	(4)
What Is Science Teaching Really Like?	7	(2)
Guest Editorial	9	(4)
How Can You Become an Effective Science Teacher?	13	(1)
Becoming a Science Teacher: Some Closing Reflections	13	(1)
Summary	14	(1)
References	14	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	15	(7)
Chapter 2 Beginning Your Instructional Theory	22	(21)
Why Develop an Instructional Theory?	22	(1)
What Are the Foundations of an Instructional Theory?	22	(1)
Guest Editorial	23	(1)
Characteristics of an Instructional Theory	23	(1)
Purpose, Goals, and Objectives	24	(1)
Learning and Teaching	25	(1)
Effective Relationships with Students	26	(1)
Effective Instruction	26	(1)
Instructional Decisions	27	(2)
Research on Effective Teaching	29	(1)
Some Methods to Consider in Forming Your Instructional Theory	29	(5)
A Final Note	34	(1)
Summary	34	(1)
Guest Editorial	35	(1)
References	36	(2)
Investigating Science Teaching	38	(5)
UNIT 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS	43	(34)
Chapter 3 Historical Perspectives on Science Education	44	(17)
The First Two Centuries of Science Teaching	44	(3)
The Golden Age: Science Curriculum: 1958-1988	47	(5)
Common Elements of Golden Age Courses	52	(1)
An Era of Educational Reform: Science Education in Secondary Schools: 1980-?	52	(1)
Reviewing the Goals of Science Education	53	(5)
Summary	58	(1)
References	58	(3)
Chapter 4 National Standards and Scientific Literacy	61	(16)
Background on National Standards	61	(1)
National Science Education Standards: An Overview	62	(5)
National Standards, Social Commitments, and Scientific Literacy	67	(1)
Developing Scientific Literacy	67	(7)
Summary	74	(1)
References	74	(3)
UNIT 3 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES	77	(28)
Chapter 5 The Goals of Science Teaching	79	(12)
Basic Goals of Science Education	79	(1)
Science Education Goals and Programs: Prelude to Reform	80	(1)
An Overview of Goals for Science Education	80	(2)
Science Education Goals for the Twenty-First Century: National Standards and Benchmarks	82	(3)
Summary	85	(1)
References	85	(2)
Investigating Science Teaching	87	(4)
Chapter 6 The Objectives of Science Teaching	91	(14)
New Thrust in Teaching Objectives	91	(1)
Objectives for Constructivist Teaching	92	(1)
Selecting Objectives for Science Teaching	92	(1)
Types of Objectives for Science Teaching	93	(1)
Domains of Objectives for Science Teaching	93	(2)
Guest Editorial	95	(5)
Preparing Objectives for Science Teaching	100	(2)
Summary	102	(1)
References	103	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	104	(1)
UNIT 4 CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES	105	(68)
Chapter 7 Designing School Science Curriculum	107	(19)
A Background on Curriculum Reform	107	(3)
Frameworks for Science Curriculum	110	(4)
Some Considerations in the Design of School Science Curricula	114	(1)
Designing Your Science Curriculum	115	(5)
Summary	120	(3)
References	123	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	124	(2)
Chapter 8 The Middle School Science Curriculum	126	(13)
Science Curriculum in Middle Schools	126	(11)
Summary	137	(1)
References	137	(1)
Evaluating Middle School Science Programs	138	(1)
Chapter 9 The High School Science Curriculum	139	(20)
Science Curricula for the High School	139	(17)
Summary	156	(1)
References	156	(1)
Evaluating High School Science Programs	157	(2)
Chapter 10 Science and Other Disciplines: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Curriculum	159	(14)
History of Science and Technology in Science Classes	160	(1)
Science and Mathematics	160	(1)
Guest Editorial	161	(2)
Mathematics and Its Connections with Science Disciplines	163	(2)
An Integrated Approach to Middle School Science and Technology	165	(3)
An Integrated Approach to High School Science and Technology	168	(2)
Summary	170	(1)
References	170	(3)
UNIT 5 INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES	173	(112)
Chapter 11 Inquiry and Conceptual Change	175	(8)
Inquiry	175	(4)
Conceptual Change	179	(2)
Fostering Conceptual Change through Inquiry	181	(1)
Summary	182	(1)
References	182	(1)
Chapter 12 Questioning and Discussion	183	(22)
The Nature of Inquiry Teaching	183	(1)
Types of Questions	184	(1)
Processes of Science and Questions	185	(2)
Questioning Procedures	187	(1)
Some Precautions in Questioning	187	(1)
Using Questioning in a Competitive Learning Strategy	188	(1)
Research on Questioning in the Classroom	189	(1)
Discussion as a Means of Inquiry	190	(2)
General Rules for Leading a Large-Group Discussion	192	(1)
Special Discussion Techniques	193	(3)
Other Techniques to Motivate Discussion	196	(1)
Discussion as a Technique of Review	197	(1)
Summary	198	(1)
References	198	(2)
Investigating Science Teaching	200	(5)
Chapter 13 Investigation and Problem Solving	205	(10)
Development of Inquiry Teaching in the Schools	205	(1)
Defining Inquiry	206	(1)
Discovery and Inquiry Strategies Distinguished	206	(1)
Advantages of Discovery and Inquiry Teaching	207	(2)
Guided versus Free Inquiry	209	(1)
Conditions for Inquiry Teaching	210	(1)
Research Findings about Using Investigative Teaching Approaches	211	(2)
Summary	213	(1)
References	214	(1)
Chapter 14 Demonstration and Laboratory Work	215	(17)
Inquiry through Demonstration	215	(6)
Inquiry through Laboratory Work	221	(8)
Safety Precautions in the Laboratory	229	(1)
Safety and the Law	230	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
References	231	(1)
Chapter 15 Models for Effective Science Teaching	232	(20)
Using Textbooks Effectively	233	(2)
Designing Your Instructional Sequence	235	(3)
Guest Editorial	238	(2)
The Madeline Hunter Model	240	(1)
The 4MAT System	241	(2)
The 5E Instructional Model: An Introduction	243	(4)
Summary	247	(2)
References	249	(2)
Engaging in Action Research	251	(1)
Chapter 16 Planning for Effective Science Teaching	252	(22)
Developing Scientific Literacy in the Classroom	252	(1)
Planning a Unit or Course of Study	253	(1)
Some Elements and Strategies of Effective Science Teaching	254	(2)
Designing Programs, Units, and Lessons	256	(1)
The Long-Range Plan: A Science Program	256	(1)
The Middle-Range Plan: A Science Unit	257	(1)
Checklist of Requirements for the Science Unit	258	(2)
The Resource Unit	260	(1)
The Short-Range Plan: The Science Lesson	260	(5)
Summary	265	(1)
References	266	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	267	(7)
Chapter 17 Controversy in the Classroom	274	(11)
Ethics in the Science Classroom	274	(1)
Ethical Analysis in the Science Classroom	275	(1)
Science, Technology, Society (STS) and Conflict Resolution	276	(1)
Ethical Development of Students	277	(1)
Designing Controversies for the Science Classroom	278	(1)
Other Strategies for Teaching about Controversial Issues	278	(2)
Summary	280	(1)
References	281	(1)
Engaging in Action Research	282	(3)
UNIT 6 ASSESSMENT	285	(32)
Chapter 18 Assessing Student Learning	287	(19)
Assessment Standards	287	(1)
Orientation of Instruction and Evaluation Toward Success	288	(1)
The Nature of Evaluation	288	(1)
The Use of Objectives in Evaluation	289	(2)
Effects of Testing on Learning	291	(2)
Evaluating Learning on Science, Technology, and Society	293	(1)
Quantitative Terms in Tests	294	(1)
Using Graphs in Testing	295	(2)
General Considerations in Test Construction	297	(2)
Evaluation and the Learning Cycle	299	(1)
Evaluation of Laboratory Work	299	(2)
Evaluation of Mastery Learning	301	(1)
Using Science Tests with Different Culture Groups	302	(1)
General Guidelines for Using Tests	303	(1)
Alternatives to Traditional Grading	303	(1)
Summary	304	(1)
References	305	(1)
Chapter 19 New Models for Assessment	306	(11)
Alternative Models for Assessment	306	(1)
Performance-Based Assessment	306	(2)
Validity of Performance-Assessment Measures	308	(1)
Concept Mapping	308	(1)
Creative Assessment	308	(1)
Journals and Oral Interviews	308	(1)
Portfolios	308	(1)
Practical Assessment	309	(1)
Problem Tests	309	(1)
Diagrams or Picture Types of Tests	309	(1)
Self-Evaluation	309	(1)
Summary	310	(1)
References	311	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	312	(5)
UNIT 7 UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH STUDENTS	317	(60)
Chapter 20 The Psychological Basis for Effective Science Teaching	319	(18)
Learner-Centered Psychological Principles	319	(3)
Implications for Science Teaching	322	(1)
Summary	323	(1)
References	323	(3)
Engaging in Action Research	326	(11)
Chapter 21 Individual Differences in Science Classrooms	337	(13)
Exceptional Students in Education: A Rationale	337	(1)
Exceptional Students in Science Programs: The Law	337	(2)
Exceptional Students in Science Class: Some Guidelines	339	(3)
Gifted and Talented Students in Science Class: Perspective and Resources	342	(1)
Teaching Science for Individual Differences	343	(1)
Guest Editorial	344	(2)
Honors Classes, Special Seminars, and Second-Level Courses	346	(1)
Teaching Science for Individual Difference; Advantages and Disadvantages	347	(1)
Summary	348	(1)
References	349	(1)
Chapter 22 Teaching Science for Cultural and Gender Differences	350	(9)
What Is a Multicultural Environment?	350	(2)
Gender Matters Too	352	(1)
Teachers Can Make a Difference	352	(1)
Girls and Science	353	(1)
What Are the Implications for Curriculum and Instruction?	353	(2)
Summary	355	(1)
References	355	(4)
Chapter 23 Classroom Management and Conflict Resolution	359	(18)
Classroom Conflicts	359	(1)
Guest Editorial	360	(2)
Causes of Conflicts	362	(3)
Discipline Problems and the Science Classroom	365	(1)
Conflict Resolution and Regulation	365	(1)
Some Recommendations for Science Teachers	366	(3)
Summary	369	(1)
References	369	(1)
Engaging in Action Research	370	(7)
UNIT 8 TEACHER RESOURCES	377	(38)
Chapter 24 Incorporating Educational Technology into the Science Classroom	379	(12)
Computers As Technology	379	(1)
Computers and Learning	380	(1)
Learning About Computers	381	(1)
Learning With and Through Computers	381	(1)
Computer-Assisted Instruction	381	(1)
Conceptually Enhanced Computer Simulations	382	(1)
Microcomputer-Based Laboratories	383	(1)
Multimedia Presentations	384	(2)
Network Projects	386	(1)
Continuing Technological Education for Science Teachers	387	(1)
Summary	388	(1)
References	388	(2)
Investigating Science Teaching	390	(1)
Chapter 25 Materials for Science Teaching	391	(24)
Using Science-Learning Materials	391	(1)
Use of Textbooks	392	(2)
Audiovisual Materials	394	(4)
Supplementary Teaching Aids	398	(1)
The Role of the Science Staff in Planning Facilities	398	(1)
Influences on Science Facilities	399	(1)
Guest Editorial	400	(5)
Guidelines for Planning a Science Complex	405	(2)
Science Facilities and Students with Disabilities	407	(1)
Summary	407	(1)
References	408	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	409	(6)
UNIT 9 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT	415	(37)
Chapter 26 Student Teaching and Professional Growth	417	(18)
Why Student Teach?	417	(3)
Being a Student Teacher	420	(2)
Guest Editorial	422	(2)
Professional Development Standards	424	(1)
Licensure Options	424	(1)
Securing a Teaching Position	425	(2)
Science-Teaching Standards	427	(1)
Characteristics of a Good Science Teacher	428	(1)
Research on Science Teacher Characteristics	429	(1)
Opportunities for Professional Growth	430	(2)
Self-Inventory for Science Teachers	432	(1)
Evaluation of Teachers	432	(1)
Summary	432	(1)
References	433	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	434	(1)
Chapter 27 Being a Science Teacher	435	(17)
Making the Transition to a Practicing Teacher	435	(2)
Personal Fulfillment	437	(2)
Professional Challenges	439	(2)
Decision Making	441	(1)
Guest Editorial	442	(1)
Becoming a Better Science Teacher	443	(2)
Being a Person, Educator, and Science Teacher	445	(1)
Summary	446	(1)
References	447	(1)
Investigating Science Teaching	448	(4)
Appendix A Interesting Web Sites for Science Educators	452	(2)
Appendix B Teaching Science Activities	454	(44)
Appendix C Daily Lesson Plans	498	(9)
Index	507