“Summary,” “Review Questions,” “Suggested Activities,” “Resources for Extended Study,” and “References” appear at the end of every chapter.
Preface.
I. UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION.
l. Language and Language Disorders.
Case Study Speech, Language, Communication.
Language Disorders.
2. The Elements of Language.
Phonology.
Morphology.
Syntax.
Semantics.
Pragmatics.
3. Language Acquisition: Bases and Models.
Physiological Bases of Language Development.
Cognitive Bases of Language Development.
Social Basis of Language Development.
Models of Language Acquisition.
4. The Development of Language.
Pre-Linguistic Development.
Emergence of Expressive Language.
Language Development in the Preschool Years.
Learning to Mean: The Development of Semantics.
Language Development in the School Years.
II. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS.
5. Language and Students with Learning Disabilities.
Case Study.
The Dilemma of Learning Disabilities.
Language Characteristics.
Intervention.
6. Language and Students with Mental Retardation.
The Changing View of Mental Retardation.
Language and Communication Characteristics.
Causes of Language and Communication Impairments.
Approaches to Intervention.
7. Language and Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Case Studies.
Characteristics Associated with Autism.
Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Causes of Autism.
Language and Communication.
Causes of Language and Communication Disorders in Autism.
Intervention for Language and Communication Impairments.
8. Language and Students with Sensory Disabilities.
Case Study.
Defining Hearing Impairment.
Cognitive Characteristics.
Language Characteristics.
Educational Performance.
Educational Programs.
Otitis Media.
Visual Impairment and Language.
Language Characteristics.
Implications for Teaching.
9. Language and Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities.
Case Studies.
Introduction.
Defining the Population.
Evidence for Language and Communication Deficiencies.
Implications for Assessment and Intervention.
III. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN THE CLASSROOM.
10. Assessing Language and Communication.
Understanding Assessment.
Assessment of Language.
11. Enhancing Language and Communication.
Rationale for Language Instruction.
Methods for Language Instruction.
Language in the Classroom.
Enhancing Language Skills in the Classroom.
Delivering Language Instruction in the Classroom.
Enhancing Communication in Specific Classroom Environments.
Language Intervention.
12. Augmentative and Alternative Communication.
Components of Augmentative and Alternative Communication.
Implementing AAC Systems.
Integrating AAC Use into Regular Education Settings.
Outcomes of AAC System Usage.
13. Language and Culture.
Case Studies.
Cultural Diversity.
Dialect Differences.
Bilingualism and Limited English Proficiency.
Students with Limited English Proficiency and Special Needs.
Appropriate Assessment.
Instructional Programs.
Name Index.
Subject Index.
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