Techniques and Guidelines for Social Work Practice

by Sheafor, Bradford W.; Horejsi, Charles R.; Horejsi, Gloria A.

• ISBN13: 9780205295555
• ISBN10: 020529555X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This text summarizes and recaps many of the techniques and procedures that social work students have learned in their coursework. Parts I and II of the text summarize the essential foundation elements of social work practice. Parts III and IV then set out 160 techniques and guidelines that can be used by students and new practitioners. Students often keep this text as a reference as they begin their professional practice; Chapter 2, Merging Person with Profession, particularly addresses establishing oneself in a social work career and successfully managing both work and personal life. New to this edition are sections on working with managed care, battered women, gay, lesbian, or bisexual clients, clients with eating disorders, and clients experiencing grief or loss. Material has been added on cultural competence and macro practice. Also, new to this edition is a printed Instructor's Manual/Test Bank as well as a complete website that includes teaching suggestions.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
PART I Social Work and the Social Worker	1	(52)
The Domain of the Social Work Profession	3	(12)
The Social Work Domain	4	(6)
Social Work's Purpose	4	(3)
Social Work's Focus	7	(1)
Social Work's Scope	8	(1)
Social Work's Sanction	9	(1)
An Overview of Social Work Practice	10	(4)
Conclusion	14	(1)
Selected Bibliography	14	(1)
Merging Person with Profession	15	(21)
Selecting Social Work as a Career	16	(3)
Social Work as a Life Companion	16	(1)
The School-to-Job Transition	16	(2)
Earning a Living as a Social Worker	18	(1)
Establishing Oneself as a Social Worker	19	(5)
Acquiring a Reputation	19	(1)
Conflict over Agency Policy	20	(2)
Promoting Social Justice	22	(1)
Political Involvement	23	(1)
The Interplay of One's Personal and Professional Lives	24	(3)
Being Changed by Clients	25	(1)
Personal Responses to the Client in Need	25	(1)
The Social Worker's Family	26	(1)
A Fitness Program for the Social Worker	27	(6)
Friendships and Community	27	(1)
Self-Worth and Self-Image	28	(1)
Physical and Emotional Well-Being	28	(2)
Intellectual Growth	30	(1)
Religion and Spirituality	31	(1)
Artistic Expression	32	(1)
Having Fun in Social Work	33	(1)
Conclusion	34	(1)
Selected Bibliography	34	(2)
Merging the Person's Art with the Profession's Science	36	(17)
The Social Worker as Artist	36	(7)
Compassion and Courage	37	(1)
Professional Relationship	37	(1)
Creativity	38	(1)
Hopefulness and Energy	39	(1)
Judgment	40	(1)
Personal Values	40	(3)
Professional Style	43	(1)
The Social Worker as Scientist	43	(9)
Knowledge Regarding Social Phenomena	45	(1)
Knowledge Regarding Social Conditions and Social Problems	46	(1)
Knowledge Regarding the Social Work Profession	47	(2)
Knowledge Regarding Social Work Practice	49	(3)
Conclusion	52	(1)
Selected Bibliography	52	(1)
PART II The Building Blocks of Social Work Practice	53	(80)
The Roles and Functions Performed by Social Workers	55	(13)
Defining Professional Roles	55	(12)
The Social Worker as Broker	56	(1)
The Social Worker as Advocate	57	(1)
The Social Worker as Teacher	58	(1)
The Social Worker as Counselor/Clinician	59	(1)
The Social Worker as Case Manager	60	(2)
The Social Worker as Workload Manager	62	(1)
The Social Worker as Staff Developer	63	(1)
The Social Worker as Administrator	64	(1)
The Social Worker as Social Change Agent	65	(1)
The Social Worker as Professional	66	(1)
Conclusion	67	(1)
Selected Bibliography	67	(1)
Guiding Principles for Social Workers	68	(14)
Principles Focused on the Social Worker as a Professional Person	68	(3)
The Social Worker Should Practice Social Work	68	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Conscious Use of Self	69	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maintain Professional Objectivity	70	(1)
The Social Worker Should Respect Human Diversity	70	(1)
The Social Worker Should Seek Personal and Professional Growth	71	(1)
Principles That Guide Practice Activities	71	(9)
The Social Worker Should Do No Harm	71	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Conscious Knowledge-Guided Practice	72	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Conscious Value-Guided and Ethical Practice	72	(1)
The Social Worker Should Be Concerned with the Whole Person	73	(1)
The Social Worker Should Treat the Client with Dignity	74	(1)
The Social Worker Should Individualize the Client	74	(1)
The Social Worker Should Lend Vision to the Client	75	(1)
The Social Worker Should Build on Client Strengths	75	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Participation	76	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Self-Determination	76	(1)
The Social Worker Should Help the Client Learn Self-Directed Problem-Solving Skills	77	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Empowerment	77	(1)
The Social Worker Should Protect Client Confidentiality	78	(1)
The Social Worker Should Adhere to the Philosophy of Normalization	79	(1)
The Social Worker Should Continuously Evaluate the Progress of the Change Process	79	(1)
The Social Worker Should Be Accountable to Clients, Agency, Community, and the Social Work Profession	80	(1)
Conclusion	80	(1)
Selected Bibliography	81	(1)
Practice Frameworks for Social Work	82	(37)
Requirements of a Practice Framework	82	(1)
Guidelines for Selecting a Practice Framework	83	(3)
Selected Practice Frameworks	86	(1)
Selected Practice Perspectives	86	(10)
The Generalist Perspective	87	(2)
The General Systems Perspective	89	(2)
The Ecosystems Perspective	91	(2)
The Strengths Perspective	93	(1)
The Ethnic-Sensitive Perspective	94	(1)
The Feminist Perspective	95	(1)
Selected Practice Theories and Models	96	(21)
Practice Based on Psychodynamic Theory	97	(1)
Practice Based on Behavioral Theory	98	(1)
Practice Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Theory	99	(1)
Practice Based on Person-Centered Theory	100	(1)
The Interactional Model	100	(1)
The Structural Model	101	(1)
The Crisis Intervention Model	102	(1)
The Task-Centered Model	103	(1)
The Solution-Focused Model	104	(1)
Practice Based on the Family Therapies	105	(2)
Practice Based on Models of Family Preservation	107	(1)
Practice Based on the Clubhouse Model	108	(1)
Practice Based on Small Group Theories	109	(2)
Practice Based on the Addiction Model	111	(1)
Practice Based on Models of Self-Help	112	(1)
Models for Changing Organizations	113	(3)
Models for Changing Communities	116	(1)
Conclusion	117	(1)
Selected Bibliography	118	(1)
Facilitating Change through Decision Making	119	(14)
Elements of the Change Process	119	(3)
The Context of Planned Change	122	(1)
Reasons Why Clients May Seek Change	123	(1)
Individual Change	123	(1)
Family and Group Change	123	(1)
Organizational Change	124	(1)
Community Change	124	(1)
Identifying the Actors in Planned Change	124	(1)
Phases of the Planned Change Process	125	(2)
Critical Thinking in Planned Change	127	(3)
Decision Making in Planned Change	130	(2)
Conclusion	132	(1)
Selected Bibliography	132	(1)
PART III Techniques Common to All Social Work Practice	133	(114)
Basic Communication and Helping Skills	134	(37)
Basic Communication Skills	136	(4)
Creating an Effective Helping Relationship	140	(3)
Basic Helping Skills	143	(13)
Nonverbal Communication	156	(2)
The ``I-Statement''	158	(1)
Understanding Emotions and Feelings	159	(3)
Responding to Defensive Communication	162	(3)
Cross-Cultural Helping	165	(6)
Workload and Caseload Management	171	(26)
Managing Time at Work	172	(3)
Report Writing	175	(2)
Letter Writing	177	(1)
Using Information Technology	178	(6)
Effective Telephone Communications	184	(1)
Controlling Workload	185	(1)
Maintaining Casenotes for Narrative Recording	186	(2)
Problem-Oriented Recording (POR) and the SOAP Format	188	(2)
Process Recording	190	(2)
Testifying in Court	192	(2)
Dealing with Managed Care	194	(3)
Personal and Professional Development	197	(50)
Getting a Social Work Job	197	(3)
Elements of Professional Behavior	200	(2)
Using Agency Supervision	202	(2)
Presenting to a Professional Audience	204	(3)
Writing to a Professional Audience	207	(4)
Coping with Bureaucracy	211	(2)
Stress Management	213	(3)
Using Humor in Social Work	216	(3)
Making Ethical Decisions	219	(6)
Avoiding Malpractice Suits	225	(5)
Developing Self-Awareness	230	(4)
Dealing with Sexual Misconduct	234	(2)
Understanding Qualitative Data	236	(2)
Understanding Quantitative Data	238	(6)
Improving the Social Work Image	244	(3)
PART IV Techniques and Guidelines for Phases of the Planned Change Process	247	(360)
Intake and Engagement	249	(52)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	250	(37)
The First Telephone Contact	252	(1)
The First Face-to-Face Meeting	253	(3)
Making a Referral	256	(5)
Obtaining Information from Other Agencies	261	(3)
The In-Home Interview	264	(2)
Engaging the Involuntary Client	266	(3)
Engaging the Hard-to-Reach Client	269	(2)
Engaging the Client Who Is Chemically Dependent	271	(11)
The Manipulative Client	282	(2)
The Dangerous Client	284	(3)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	287	(14)
Learning about Your Agency	288	(3)
Staff Recruitment and Selection	291	(2)
Selecting and Training Volunteers	293	(3)
Learning about Your Community	296	(5)
Data Collection and Assessment	301	(96)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	302	(83)
The Social Assessment Report	304	(5)
The Dual Perspective	309	(3)
Genograms and Ecomapping	312	(3)
Social Support Assessment	315	(4)
Life History Grid	319	(2)
Life Cycle Matrix	321	(2)
Identifying Client Strengths	323	(3)
Coping Strategies and Ego Defenses	326	(5)
Assessing a Client's Role Performance	331	(2)
Assessing a Client's Self-Concept	333	(3)
Family Dynamics and Family Functioning	336	(6)
Multiworker Family Assessment Interviews	342	(1)
The ABC Model and the Behavior Matrix	343	(2)
Using Questionnaires, Checklists, and Vignettes	345	(5)
Developing Individualized Rating Scales	350	(4)
Selecting Standardized Rating Scales	354	(3)
Assessing a Client's Social Functioning	357	(7)
Assessing a Client's Mental Status	364	(3)
Identifying Developmental Delays in Young Children	367	(2)
Referral for Psychological Testing	369	(3)
The Person-in-Environment System (PIE)	372	(2)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)	374	(1)
Assessing and Responding to Suicide Risk	375	(3)
Assessing a Child's Need for Protection	378	(5)
The 4 Ps, 4 Rs, and 4 Ms	383	(2)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	385	(12)
Assessing Agency Structure	386	(2)
Assessing Human Services Needs	388	(3)
Focus Groups	391	(1)
Community Decision-Making Analysis	392	(2)
Social Policy Analysis	394	(3)
Planning and Contracting	397	(40)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	398	(20)
Selecting Target Problems and Goals	400	(2)
The Problem Search	402	(1)
Using Checklists in Goal Selection	403	(2)
Formulating Intervention Objectives	405	(3)
Written Service Contracts	408	(3)
Client Needs List	411	(1)
Making Use of Informal Resources	412	(2)
The Small Group as a Resource	414	(4)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	418	(19)
Establishing and Changing Organizations	419	(2)
The Process of Agency Planning	421	(3)
Project Planning and Evaluation	424	(4)
Planning a Primary Prevention Program	428	(3)
Establishing Formal Interagency Collaboration	431	(4)
Developing Protocol Statements	435	(2)
Intervention and Monitoring	437	(133)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	438	(84)
Planning an Interview	441	(1)
Information and Advice	442	(2)
Encouragement, Reassurance, and Universalization	444	(1)
Reinforcement and Related Behavioral Techniques	445	(4)
Behavioral Rehearsal	449	(1)
Behavioral Contracting	450	(2)
Role Reversal	452	(1)
Managing Self-Talk	453	(3)
Building Self-Esteem	456	(2)
The Empty Chair	458	(1)
Confrontation and Challenge	459	(2)
Reframing	461	(1)
Family Sculpting	462	(2)
The Talking Stick	464	(1)
Homework Assignments	465	(1)
Envelope Budgeting	466	(1)
Managing Personal Debt	467	(2)
Decision-Making Worksheets	469	(2)
Distinguishing Means from Ends	471	(1)
Indirect Discussion of Self in Small Groups	472	(1)
Programming in Group Work	473	(2)
Resolving Interpersonal Conflict	475	(2)
The Feelings List	477	(1)
The Life Book	478	(1)
Client Advocacy	479	(2)
Empowerment	481	(2)
Crisis Cards	483	(1)
The Client in Crisis	484	(2)
The Client Who Is a Child	486	(8)
The Client Who Is an Adolescent	494	(2)
The Client Who Is Elderly	496	(2)
The Woman Who Is Battered and Abused	498	(4)
The Adult Client with Cognitive Delay	502	(2)
The Client with Brain Injury	504	(3)
The Client with a Serious Mental Illness	507	(4)
The Client on Psychotropic Medication	511	(1)
The Client Who Is Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual	512	(3)
The Client with an Eating Disorder	515	(4)
The Client Experiencing Grief or Loss	519	(3)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	522	(48)
Working with a Governing or Advisory Board	523	(2)
Conducting Effective Staff Meetings	525	(1)
Building Teamwork and Cooperation	526	(2)
Supervising Staff and Volunteers	528	(3)
Leading Small Group Meetings	531	(3)
The RISK Technique	534	(2)
The Nominal Group Technique (NGT)	536	(1)
Chairing a Committee	537	(4)
Problem Solving by a Large Group	541	(1)
Brainstorming	542	(2)
Class Advocacy	544	(2)
Teaching and Training	546	(3)
Preparing a Budget	549	(3)
The 5 Ps of Marketing Human Services	552	(3)
Dealing with the Media	555	(3)
Fund-Raising for a Human Services Agency	558	(3)
Developing Grant Applications	561	(5)
Influencing Legislators and Other Decision Makers	566	(4)
Evaluation and Termination	570	(37)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	572	(23)
Service Plan Outcome Checklist (SPOC)	575	(4)
Client Self-Rating Scales	579	(1)
Task Achievement Scaling (TAS)	580	(2)
Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS)	582	(3)
Single-Subject Designs (SSD)	585	(7)
Termination of Service	592	(3)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	595	(12)
Peer Review	595	(1)
Worker Performance Evaluation	596	(4)
Program Evaluation	600	(2)
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)	602	(3)
Agency Evaluation	605	(2)
Using the Cross-Reference Guide	607	(4)
Author Index	611	(10)
Subject Index	621