Terrorism An Introduction

by White, Jonathan R.

• ISBN13: 9780534573317
• ISBN10: 0534573312
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-08-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Recognized as the most objective, best-selling terrorism text in the market, TERRORISM: AN INTRODUCTION strives to discuss the most sophisticated theories by the best terrorist analysts in the world, while still focusing on the domestic and international threat of terrorism and the basic security issues surrounding terrorism today. The student-oriented writing style is complemented by rich pedagogy, and there is an adequate amount of research and theoretical discussion to make this an ideal text for both the undergraduate and graduate level courses.

Table of Contents

I THE CRIMINOLOGY OF TERRORISM	1	(62)
Mutating Forms of Terrorism	3	(15)
The Context of Terrorism	4	(3)
Some Common Contexts of Terrorism	5	(2)
Changing Contexts	7	(1)
Some Common Definitions	7	(3)
Typologies of Terrorism	10	(1)
Toward a Tactical Typology of Terrorism	11	(5)
The Tactics of Terrorism	16	(1)
Guide to the Key Concepts	16	(1)
Food for Thought	17	(1)
Further Reading	17	(1)
Individual and Group Behavior	18	(13)
Terrorists and Ordinary Criminals	19	(3)
Group Reinforcement and the Justification of Terrorism	22	(2)
The ``Doctrine of Necessity'' Justification	24	(1)
Terrorist Profiles--A Practical View	25	(1)
Terrorist Profiles--An Unpromising View	26	(1)
Terrorist Profiles--A Promising View	27	(2)
Facilitating Traits	28	(1)
Frustration/Narcissism-Aggression	28	(1)
Associational Drives	28	(1)
Learning Opportunities	28	(1)
Cost-Benefit Calculations	28	(1)
Warrior Dreams	29	(1)
Key Concepts	30	(1)
Food for Thought	30	(1)
Further Reading	30	(1)
Changing Group Structures and the Metamorphosis of Terrorism	31	(15)
Trying to Walk the Walk	32	(1)
Size and the Length of Campaigns	32	(1)
Size Is Important	33	(2)
Basic Organizational Structures of Terrorist Groups	35	(2)
Management Processes and Problems	37	(3)
Adams's Analysis of the Financing of Terrorism	40	(2)
Leaderless Resistance, Lone Wolves, and Berserkers	42	(2)
Key Concepts	44	(1)
Food for Thought	45	(1)
Further Reading	45	(1)
Religion and Terror	46	(17)
The Logic of Religion and Terrorism	47	(2)
Huntington's Clash of Civilizations	49	(2)
Hoffman's Analysis of Religious Terrorism	51	(2)
Role of Eschatology	53	(1)
The Process of Demonization	54	(2)
A Brief Overview of Contemporary Religious Conflicts	56	(4)
India	56	(1)
Ireland	57	(1)
The Middle East	58	(1)
The United States	59	(1)
Key Concepts	60	(1)
Food for Thought	61	(1)
Further Reading	61	(2)
II ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND	63	(70)
The Origins of Modern Terrorism	65	(13)
Enlightenment, Revolution, and Terrorism	66	(1)
Class Revolution and Changing Meanings	67	(2)
Terrorism and the Role of the Anarchists	69	(2)
Terrorism and the Russian Revolution	71	(3)
Old and New Terrorism	74	(2)
Key Concepts	76	(1)
Food for Thought	76	(1)
Further Reading	77	(1)
The Origins of the Irish Troubles	78	(14)
The Origins and Development of the Anglo-Irish Conflict	79	(3)
The Early History of the Irish Republican Army	82	(2)
The 1916 Easter Rebellion	84	(1)
The Influence of Russian Revolution: De Valera, Collins, and the Tan War	85	(1)
Trends in the IRA: 1930-1985	86	(3)
Orange Terror	89	(1)
Key Concepts	90	(1)
Food for Thought	91	(1)
Further Reading	91	(1)
The Origins of Middle Eastern Terrorism	92	(20)
An Introduction to the Region	93	(2)
A Synopsis of Some Major Problems	95	(2)
Three Sources of Middle Eastern Terrorism	97	(1)
Zionism in Palestine 1914-1936	97	(3)
The Birth of Modern Israel	100	(1)
Intra-Arab Rivalries	100	(4)
Shia Islam and Revolutionary Iran	104	(6)
Key Concepts	110	(1)
Food for Thought	111	(1)
Further Reading	111	(1)
Latin American Influences on Terrorism	112	(21)
The Theory of Urban Terrorism	113	(4)
Terrorism and Guerrilla War	117	(2)
Urban Terrorism in Practice	119	(5)
The Influence of the Tupamaros	124	(1)
The Urban Philosophy	125	(1)
Tupamaros Tactics	126	(3)
Organizational Characteristics	129	(2)
Key Concepts	131	(1)
Food for Thought	131	(1)
Further Reading	131	(2)
III MODERN TERRORISM	133	(104)
International Terrorism and the Question of Palestine	135	(17)
The Growth of the PLO and International Terrorism	136	(2)
Karamah	138	(2)
Black September: PLO Terrorism Spreads to Europe	140	(1)
The PLO and the Changing Face of Middle Eastern Terrorism	141	(1)
The Invasion of Lebanon	142	(2)
The PLO in Exile and Return	144	(1)
Abu Nidal: Origins, Structure, and Operations	145	(5)
Key Concepts	150	(1)
Food for Thought	151	(1)
Further Reading	151	(1)
Religion and Middle Eastern Terrorism	152	(19)
Two Views of Islam and Terrorism	153	(1)
The Iranian Revolution and Hizbollah's Metamorphosis	154	(2)
The Islamic Jihad	156	(3)
Hamas	159	(3)
The Rise of Osama bin Ladin	162	(2)
Declaring War on the United States	164	(2)
Bin Ladin's Bombings	166	(1)
Other Groups Combining Religion and Violence	167	(1)
Jewish Fundamentalism and Violence	168	(2)
Key Concepts	170	(1)
Food for Thought	170	(1)
Further Reading	170	(1)
International Terrorism: The Rise and Fall of the Left and Right	171	(15)
Left-Wing Terrorism in Europe	172	(3)
The Red Army Faction	175	(3)
The Demise of Other West European Terrorist Movements	178	(2)
The Japanese Red Army	180	(2)
Neofascism Rejuvenates	182	(2)
Key Concepts	184	(1)
Food for Thought	185	(1)
Further Reading	185	(1)
Nationalistic and Ethnic Terrorism	186	(18)
Byman's Logic of Ethnic Terrorism	187	(1)
The ETA in Spain	188	(3)
The PKK in Turkey	191	(2)
Ireland and the Mutating IRA	193	(1)
Outlawing Terrorism and Internment	193	(4)
The Evolution of Security Force Tactics in Northern Ireland	195	(2)
A Criminological Analysis of Irish Terrorism	197	(2)
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam	199	(3)
Key Concepts	202	(1)
Food for Thought	202	(1)
Further Reading	203	(1)
Terrorism in the United States	204	(16)
Domestic Terrorism: Early Works of Cooper, Bell, and Gurr	205	(2)
Vigilante Terrorism	206	(1)
Insurgent Terrorism	206	(1)
Transnational Terrorism	207	(1)
Problems of Conceptualizing Domestic Terrorism	207	(3)
Smith's Analysis of Terrorism in the United States	210	(4)
Emerson: Jihad in the United States	214	(3)
Abortion Clinic Bombings and Terrorism	217	(2)
Key Concepts	219	(1)
Food for Thought	219	(1)
Further Reading	219	(1)
Violent Extremism in the United States	220	(17)
A Brief History of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States	221	(2)
Modern Right-Wing Resurgence	223	(6)
William Pierce's Blueprint for Revolution	229	(1)
Criminal Behavior Among Right-Wing Extremists	230	(2)
Ecoterrorism and Animal Rights	232	(2)
Black Hebrew Israelites	234	(2)
Key Concepts	236	(1)
Food for Thought	236	(1)
Further Reading	236	(1)
IV ISSUES IN MODERN TERRORISM	237	(47)
Technological Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction	239	(17)
Aum Shinrikyo	240	(2)
Technological Terrorism	242	(2)
U.S. Vulnerability to Technological Terrorism	244	(3)
Security Problems in the Energy Industry	247	(1)
The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism	248	(3)
Biological and Chemical Terrorism	251	(2)
Cyberterrorism	253	(2)
Key Concepts	255	(1)
Food for Thought	255	(1)
Further Reading	255	(1)
Terrorism and the Media	256	(11)
Security Forces Versus Reporters	257	(2)
The Contagion Effect of Media Coverage	259	(1)
Terrorism as a Form of Communication	260	(2)
Censorship and Freedom of the Press	262	(3)
Key Concepts	265	(1)
Food for Thought	266	(1)
Further Reading	266	(1)
Policy, Liberty, Security, and the Future	267	(17)
Toward a Counterterrorist Policy	268	(3)
Stansfield Turner's Search for Solid Ground	271	(2)
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Predicting the Future	273	(1)
Outlawing Terrorism: The Threat to Civil Liberties	274	(3)
The Use of Military Force Against Terrorism	277	(2)
Secrecy and Shared Information	279	(1)
Stinson's Analysis of Security	280	(2)
Key Concepts	282	(1)
Food for Thought	283	(1)
Further Reading	283	(1)
Appendix: An Introductory Dictionary of Extremism	284	(9)
Selected Bibliography	293	(22)
Index	315