Theories of Counseling And Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective

by Ivey, Allen E.; D'Andrea, Michael; Ivey, Mary Bradford; Simek-Morgan, Lynn

• ISBN13: 9780205482252
• ISBN10: 0205482252
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

What colleagues are saying about the thoroughly revised and reorganized Sixth Edition of Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspectivehellip; "Finally, a textbook that emphasizes the new Positive Psychology movement! The more I read this text, the more I like it." Meredyth G. Fellows, West Chester University of Pennsylvania "It brings a fresh perspective (postmodern, multiple perspectives, multicultural intentionalityconcepts not addressed in my text and other similar texts) to understanding theories of counseling and psychotherapy." Claire Sham Choy, California State University, Fresno "Finally, a textbook that centralizes multicultural-feminist-social justice movements and positive psychology (as well as constructivism and postmodernism) without tacking them on to the end! A terrific book for a masterrs"s or advanced undergraduate course in theories or in multicultural counseling." Sharon Horne, The University of Memphis "The strength of this text is that it integrates multicultural issues into each chapter and utilizes multicultural examples to explore different theories. This integration is coupled with the specific discussion of multicultural theory as a theory in and of itself. The multidimensional approach to multiculturalism champions the current thinking of our time that celebrates an integrative and infused perspective." Nicole Hill, Idaho State University Package Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective with MyHelpingLab at no additional cost to your students! Use Special Order ISBN: 0-205-51311-5 [ MyHelpingLab Advertisement ]

Table of Contents

Special Features Contents	xv
Preface	xix
About the Authors	xxv
Part One: The Foundations of Counseling and Therapy: Past and Present Trends	1	(110)
Charting the Theoretical Changes in Counseling and Psychology	3	(26)
Introduction	3	(2)
Multiple Perspectives	5	(3)
Our Stories about Reality Depend on Our Perspective	5	(2)
The Importance of Understanding Our Clients' Worldviews	7	(1)
An Overview of the Three Traditional Theoretical Forces	8	(3)
The Psychodynamic Force	8	(1)
The Cognitive-Behavioral Force	9	(1)
The Existential-Humanistic Force	10	(1)
Limitations of the Three Traditional Theoretical Forces	11	(1)
Newly Emerging Theoretical Forces and Constructs	11	(1)
Postmodernism	12	(1)
Different Worldviews in Counseling and Therapy	12	(1)
Linking Theory to Practice	13	(3)
The Effect of Theoretical Orientation on Therapeutic Response	16	(3)
Spirituality and Religion	19	(3)
The Scientist-Practitioner	22	(3)
Professional Ethics and the Helping Process	25	(3)
Summary	28	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	28	(1)
The Multicultural-Feminist-Social Justice Movement	29	(22)
Introduction	29	(2)
The Rise of the Multicultural-Feminist-Social Justice Force in Counseling and Psychology	31	(2)
Respectful Counseling and Therapy	33	(7)
Religious/Spiritual Identity	34	(1)
Economic Class Background	34	(1)
Sexual Identity	34	(1)
Psychological Maturity	35	(1)
Ethnic/Racial Identity	35	(1)
Chronological Developmental Challenges	36	(1)
Trauma and Other Threats to One's Well-Being	36	(1)
Family Background and History	37	(1)
Unique Physical Characteristics	38	(1)
Location of Residence and Language Differences	38	(2)
Professional Ethics and Multicultural Competence	40	(5)
Summary	45	(3)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	48	(3)
Positive Psychology and Wellness Counseling	51	(24)
Introduction	51	(1)
The Wellness Model	52	(10)
The Essential Self	54	(1)
The Coping Self	55	(3)
The Social Self	58	(1)
The Creative Self	59	(2)
The Physical Self	61	(1)
Taking a Contextual and Personal Approach to Wellness Counseling	62	(3)
Brief Therapy and Wellness Counseling	65	(6)
Limitations and Practical Implications of Brief Therapy and Positive Psychology/Wellness Counseling	71	(3)
Summary	74	(1)
Multimedia Resources for this Chapter	74	(1)
Using Microskills in Counseling and Therapy: Foundations of the Intentional Interview	75	(36)
Introduction	75	(1)
Professional Intentionality and Intentional Competence	76	(1)
Multicultural Intentionality	77	(3)
Individual, Family, and Cultural Empathy	80	(7)
Defining Empathy: The Facilitative Conditions	80	(1)
Positive Regard and the Positive Asset Search	81	(2)
Respect and Warmth	83	(1)
Concreteness	84	(1)
Immediacy	85	(1)
Congruence, Genuineness, and Authenticity	86	(1)
Microskills: An Integrative Foundation for Counseling and Therapy	87	(14)
Attending Behavior: A Skill Used in All Theories	88	(8)
Influencing Skills and Strategies	96	(4)
Focusing: Internal and External Attribution	100	(1)
Different Skill Patterns for Different Theories	101	(1)
The Five-Stage Interview: A Viable Model for All Theories	101	(7)
Stage 1. Establishing Rapport and Structure	104	(1)
Stage 2. Gathering Data and Identifying Assets	104	(1)
Stage 3. Determining Outcomes and Goal Setting	105	(1)
Stage 4. Generating Alternative Solutions	106	(1)
Stage 5. Generalizing and Transferring Learning	106	(2)
Limitations and Practical Implications of the Microskills Framework	108	(1)
Summary	109	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	110	(1)
Part Two: The First, Second, and Third Forces in Counseling and Psychotherapy	111	(208)
The Psychodynamic Tradition: Theoretical Constructions and Practical Applications	113	(33)
Introduction	113	(3)
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Counseling and Therapy: An Overview	114	(2)
Freud's Psychoanalytic Worldview	116	(4)
The Unconscious and a Person's Developmental History	116	(1)
Freud's Stages of Development: The Roots of Behavior, Emotion, and Thought	117	(3)
Other Key Freudian/Psychoanalytic Concepts	120	(5)
The Individual, Family, and Collective Cultural Unconscious	121	(2)
The Id, Ego, and Superego	123	(2)
Anxiety and Ego Defense Mechanisms	125	(1)
Attachment Theory	125	(6)
Early Research	128	(1)
New Defense Mechanisms Associated with Attachment Theory	129	(1)
Adult Resistant and Avoidance Defense Mechanisms	130	(1)
Psychodynamic Counseling and Therapy Strategies: Applications for Practice	131	(10)
Free Association	132	(2)
Interpretation	134	(3)
Dream Analysis and Current Real Issues	137	(1)
Analysis of Resistance	137	(3)
Analysis of Transference and Countertransference	140	(1)
Practical Implications and Limitations of Psychodynamic Methods	141	(3)
Summary	144	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	144	(2)
Adlerian and Jungian Counseling and Therapy	146	(33)
Introduction	146	(1)
Alfred Adler and Adlerian Counseling	147	(11)
Overview of Adler's Theory of Individual Psychology	147	(2)
The Adlerian Worldview	149	(4)
Other Key Adlerian Concepts	153	(5)
Adlerian Counseling and Therapy Strategies: Applications for Practice	158	(2)
Stage 1. Building a Trusting Relationship	158	(1)
Stage 2. The Assessment Stage	159	(1)
Stage 3. Promoting Insight	159	(1)
Stage 4. Reorientation	160	(1)
Practical Implications and Limitations of Adler's Theory	160	(1)
Carl Jung and Jungian Therapy	161	(9)
The Jungian Worldview	162	(4)
The Family Unconscious: Expanding Jungian Concepts through Multicultural Psychodynamic Theory	166	(2)
The Transcendental Function and Individuation	168	(1)
Other Key Jungian Concepts	169	(1)
Jungian Counseling and Therapy Strategies: Applications for Practice	170	(5)
Stage 1. Catharsis and Emotional Cleansing	171	(1)
Stage 2. Elucidation	171	(1)
Stage 3. Education	172	(1)
Stage 4. Transformation	173	(2)
Practical Implications and Limitations of Jung's Theory	175	(2)
Summary	177	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	178	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling and Therapy	179	(48)
Introduction	179	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: An Overview of Behaviorism	180	(8)
Classical Conditioning Theory: Pavlov and Watson	180	(2)
Operant Conditioning Theory: B. F. Skinner	182	(3)
Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura	185	(3)
Behavioral Counseling and Therapy Strategies: Applications for Practice	188	(16)
Applied Behavioral Analysis	188	(5)
Other Behavioral Strategies	193	(11)
The Cognitive Revolution	204	(7)
Meichenbaum's Theory of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	205	(2)
Aaron Beck, Cognitive Therapy, and Automatic Thoughts	207	(4)
Multicultural Approaches to CBT	211	(3)
CBT Strategies: Applications for Practice	214	(10)
Stress Management	214	(3)
Social Skills Training	217	(1)
Assertiveness Training	218	(4)
Relapse Prevention	222	(2)
Practical Implications and Limitations of CBT	224	(1)
Summary	225	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	226	(1)
Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Reality Therapy	227	(29)
Introduction	227	(1)
Cognition and the Cognitive-Behavioral Force: A Worldview	228	(2)
Albert Ellis and Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy	230	(2)
Ellis's Early Training	230	(1)
Ellis's New Approach	231	(1)
Central Theoretical Constructs and Techniques of REBT	232	(7)
Emotion and REBT	232	(1)
Examining Philosophy and Belief Systems	232	(2)
Identifying Irrational Statements	234	(1)
Integration of Theory and Action	234	(3)
The A-B-Cs of Cognition	237	(2)
The D-E-Fs of Promoting and Maintaining Change	239	(1)
REBT and Multicultural Factors	239	(4)
Moving from REBT to REBCT: A Significant Advancement	240	(1)
Working with Clients	241	(2)
Limitations and Practical Implications of Ellis's Theory	243	(1)
William Glasser and Reality Therapy	243	(1)
Central Theoretical Constructs of Reality Therapy	244	(6)
The Importance of Responsibility	245	(1)
Cognitive Trends in Reality Therapy	246	(1)
Theory in Action	247	(3)
Reality Therapy and Multicultural Counseling and Therapy	250	(2)
Limitations and Practical Implications of Glasser's Theory	252	(2)
Summary	254	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	255	(1)
The Existential-Humanistic Tradition	256	(30)
Introduction	256	(1)
The Existential-Humanistic Worldview	257	(2)
Being-in-the-World	257	(2)
Existential Commitment, Intentionality, and the I-Thou Relationship	259	(1)
The Rogerian Revolution: Carl Rogers's Theoretical Worldview	259	(17)
Adding Multicultural Dimensions to Self-Actualization Theory	260	(2)
Fusion and Boundaries in Relationships	262	(1)
The Influence of Rogers	262	(14)
Spirituality, Multiculturalism, and Existential-Humanistic Counseling	276	(4)
Limitations and Practical Implications of the Existential-Humanistic Tradition	280	(3)
Summary	283	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	284	(2)
Logotherapy and Gestalt Counseling	286	(33)
Introduction	286	(1)
Viktor Frankl and Logotherapy: An Overview	287	(4)
Frankl's Early Years	287	(1)
Personal Tragedy	288	(1)
Frankl's Search for Meaning	288	(3)
Central Theoretical Constructs of Logotherapy	291	(9)
Cognitive Change and Finding Positive Meanings	291	(1)
Logotherapy Strategies: Applications for Practice	292	(5)
Logotherapy, Spirituality, and Medicine	297	(2)
Spirituality and Psychotherapy as Reconciliation	299	(1)
Multicultural Implications of Logotherapy	300	(2)
Fritz Perls and Gestalt Therapy: An Overview	302	(2)
Central Theoretical Constructs and Techniques	304	(7)
The Gestalt Worldview	304	(3)
Gestalt Techniques	307	(4)
Individualism and Other Cultural/Contextual Considerations	311	(3)
Critiquing Perls's Work from a Multicultural-Feminist-Social Justice Perspective	314	(1)
Limitations and Practical Implications of the Existential-Humanistic Tradition	315	(1)
Summary	316	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	316	(3)
Part Three: The Fourth Force in Counseling and Therapy: Multicultural and Feminist Perspectives	319	(162)
Feminist Counseling and Therapy	321	(38)
Judy Daniels
Introduction	321	(2)
The Feminist Counseling and Therapy Movement: An Overview	323	(4)
Developing a New Psychology of Women	323	(1)
Jean Baker Miller	324	(1)
Miriam Greenspan	325	(2)
The FCT Worldview	327	(6)
Self-in-Relation: The Important of Relational Considerations	329	(1)
Factors That Disrupt Relational Connections and Undermine Psychological Health	330	(1)
Self-Reflection by Counselors and Therapists	331	(1)
Avoiding ``Victimology''	332	(1)
Dealing with Sexism in Counseling and Therapy	333	(3)
Feminist Identity Development Theory	336	(14)
Stages of Feminist Identity Development Theory	336	(2)
Working Intentionally with Women	338	(2)
Focusing Intentionally on Women's Strengths	340	(9)
FCT and Multicultural Counseling and Therapy	349	(1)
Relational-Cultural Theory	350	(5)
Key Concepts Associated with RCT	352	(2)
Implementing RCT in Practice	354	(1)
Summary	355	(2)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	357	(2)
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy	359	(43)
Introduction	359	(2)
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy as Metatheory	361	(8)
Generating New Theory from an MCT Perspective	363	(2)
Using Nwachuku's Helping Theory from an MCT Perspective	365	(3)
Implications of Nwachuku's Model for the MCT Metatheory	368	(1)
Being Mindful of Multiple Identities, Contexts, and Experiences	369	(9)
Life-Span Review: Introspective Developmental Counseling	370	(7)
Focus and Consciousness-Raising Groups	377	(1)
Cultural/Racial Identity Development Theory	378	(7)
Identity Development Theory for European-North American Counselors and Therapists	382	(2)
Coconstructing Culturally Appropriate Techniques and Strategies in MCT	384	(1)
Applying Multicultural Counseling and Therapy with Culturally Different Clients	385	(2)
General Guidelines for Working with Persons in Specific Groups	385	(2)
MCT Practice and Multiple Helping Roles	387	(3)
Network Therapy	388	(2)
Traditional Healing	390	(2)
The Liberation of Consciousness: Self-in-Relation	392	(7)
Freire's Five Levels of Consciousness	393	(1)
Freire's Psychoeducational Method	394	(1)
Relating Friere's Educational Method to Counseling and Therapy Practice	394	(5)
Limitations and Practical Implications of MCT	399	(1)
Summary	400	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	401	(1)
Developmental Counseling and Therapy: Integrative Theory and Practice	402	(27)
Introduction	402	(2)
The Integrative Worldview of Developmental Counseling and Therapy	404	(11)
The Importance of DCT's Dialectic/Systemic Style	406	(1)
Piagetian Cognitive Stages	407	(8)
DCT Styles and Cultural Identity Development Theory	415	(1)
DCT's Approach to Treatment Planning	415	(9)
Integrating Treatment at Multiple Developmental Levels	415	(5)
DCT and the Treatment of Depression	420	(4)
The Unique Narrative Strategies of DCT	424	(3)
Limitations and Practical Implications of the DCT Integrative Approach	427	(1)
Summary	428	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	428	(1)
Family Counseling and Therapy: Theoretical Foundations and Issues of Practice	429	(40)
Sandra Rigazio-DiGilio
Introduction	429	(3)
Origins of a Family Perspective	432	(1)
The Systemic Worldview	433	(4)
Cultural Impact and Extensions of Family Systems	435	(2)
Central Constructs of Family Counseling and Theory	437	(3)
The Family Developmental Life Cycle	437	(3)
Effective Family Functioning	440	(1)
Multicultural Issues in Family Counseling and Therapy	440	(4)
Attitudes toward Mental Health and Treatment	442	(1)
Network Therapy	442	(2)
Major Family Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories	444	(2)
Classifying Systemic Therapies	446	(16)
Historical Perspective: Intergenerational Family Therapy	448	(1)
Primary Therapeutic Techniques	449	(1)
Interactional Perspective: Structural Family Therapy	450	(5)
Existential Perspective: Symbolic/Experiential Family Therapy	455	(2)
Postmodern and Integrative Perspectives: Systemic Cognitive-Developmental Therapy	457	(5)
Limitations and Practical Implications of Family Counseling and Therapy	462	(5)
Summary	467	(1)
Multimedia Resources for This Chapter	468	(1)
Identifying Your Own Integrated Approach to Counseling and Therapy	469	(12)
Introduction	469	(1)
The Search for the ``Best'' Theory	470	(4)
The Foundational Chapters: Basic to All Theories	471	(1)
Searching for Theoretical Integration	472	(1)
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy as the Theoretical Fourth Force	472	(2)
A Summary of the Four Major Theoretical Forces of Counseling and Psychotherapy	474	(1)
Qualitative Research---Multicultural Issues	475	(1)
Constructing Your Own View or Theory of Counseling and Therapy	475	(6)
References	481	(30)
Name Index	511	(4)
Subject Index	515