Theories of Development : Concepts and Applications

by William C. Crain

Edition:

3rd

ISBN13:

9780139134760

ISBN10:

013913476X

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

11/1/1991

Publisher(s):

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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Summary

This engaging book, written with the help of extensive scholarship and leading scholars, introduces learners to twenty-four different theorists and compares and contrasts their theories on how we develop as individuals. Emphasizing the theories that follow and build upon the developmental tradition established by Rousseau, this text also covers theories in the environmental/learning tradition. For individuals interested in the psychology of child development.

Preface

Introduction

Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau

(15)

Preformationism

(2)

Locke's Environmentalism

(5)

Rousseau's Romantic Naturalism

(8)

Gesell's Maturational Theory

(12)

Biographical Introduction

(1)

Principles of Development

(5)

Philosophy of Child-Rearing

(3)

Evaluation

(3)

Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby

(29)

Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

(3)

Modern Ethology: Lorenz and Tinbergen

(7)

An Ethological View of Child Development: Bowlby's Theory

(19)

Montessori's Educational Philosophy

(18)

Biographical Introduction

(1)

Theory of Development

(4)

Early Education in the Home

(1)

The Montessori School

(9)

Evaluation

(3)

Werner's Organismic and Comparative Theory

(25)

Biographical Introduction

(2)

Werner's View of Development

(5)

Some Comparative Studies

(7)

Symbol Formation: An Organismic View

(2)

Theoretical Issues

(4)

Practical Applications

(2)

Evaluation

(3)

Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory

100

(34)

Biographical Introduction

100

(2)

Overview of the Theory

102

(1)

Period I. Sensori-Motor Intelligence (Birth to Two Years)

103

(5)

Periods II and III. Preoperational Thought (Two to Seven) and Concrete Operations (Seven to 11)

108

(11)

Period IV. Formal Operations (11 to Adulthood)

119

(2)

Theoretical Issues

121

(3)

Implications for Education

124

(3)

Evaluation

127

(7)

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

134

(20)

Biographical Introduction

134

(1)

Piaget's Stages of Moral Judgment

135

(1)

Kohlberg's Method

136

(1)

Kohlberg's Six Stages

136

(5)

Theoretical Issues

141

(8)

Implications for Education

149

(2)

Evaluation

151

(3)

Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

154

(21)

Pavlov and Classical Conditioning

154

(3)

Watson

157

(4)

Skinner and Operant Conditioning

161

(14)

Bandura's Social Learning Theory

175

(18)

Biographical Introduction

175

(1)

Basic Concepts

176

(2)

Socialization Studies

178

(7)

Abstract Modeling and Piaget's Stages

185

(3)

Practical Implications

188

(2)

Evaluation

190

(3)

Vygotsky's Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

193

(29)

Biographical Introduction

193

(2)

Marx's Views on Human Nature

195

(2)

Vygotsky's Theory of Psychological Tools

197

(3)

Memory Aids

200

(1)

Speech

201

(9)

Schooling

210

(5)

Practical Applications

215

(2)

Evaluation

217

(5)

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

222

(25)

Biographical Introduction

222

(3)

The Stages of Psychosexual Development

225

(11)

The Agencies of the Mind

236

(6)

Practical Implications

242

(2)

Evaluation

244

(3)

Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life

247

(24)

Biographical Introduction

247

(1)

Erikson's Stage Theory

248

(14)

Theoretical Issues

262

(5)

Practical Implications

267

(1)

Evaluation

268

(3)

A Case Study in Psychoanalytic Treatment: Bettelheim on Autism

271

(10)

Biographical Introduction

271

(1)

The Autistic Syndrome

272

(1)

The Cause of Autism

273

(1)

Therapy

274

(5)

Evaluation

279

(2)

Schachtel on Childhood Experiences

281

(6)

Biographical Introduction

281

(1)

Basic Concepts

282

(3)

Implications for Education

285

(1)

Evaluation

286

(1)

Jung's Theory of Adulthood

287

(12)

Biographical Introduction

287

(3)

Personality Structure

290

(3)

Theory of Development

293

(4)

Practical Implications

297

(1)

Evaluation

297

(2)

Chomsky's Theory of Language Development

299

(18)

Biographical Introduction

299

(1)

Basic Concepts

300

(6)

Notes on the Growth of Grammar

306

(3)

Chomsky and Learning Theory

309

(4)

Chomsky and Piaget

313

(1)

Implications for Education

314

(1)

Evaluation

315

(2)

Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory

317

(14)

Humanistic Psychology

317

(5)

Developmentalists as Humanists

322

(5)

Summary

327

(1)

Postscript

328

(3)

References

331

(18)

Name Index

349

(6)

Subject Index

355

Theories of Development : Concepts and Applications

9780139134760

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Table of Contents