Tourism, Globalization And Development Responsible Tourism Planning

by Reid, Donald G.

• ISBN13: 9780745319988
• ISBN10: 074531998X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-20
• Publisher: Pluto Press

Summary

Tourism is booming worldwide -- it makes up a massive part of the global economy. Donald G., Reid's book focuses on tourism in developing and less-developed countries. He examines its social and environmental impact and offers a timely critical analysis of the part it plays in globalization. Many of the world's poorest countries rely on the tourist trade for the major part of their income. However, all too often, the local communities involved do not reap the benefits of this trade. Developers often exclude local communities from the initial planning and decision-making process, viewing them either as a benign resource to be exploited, or as an impediment. Reid presents a rigourous critique of corporate-led tourism development and lays out alternatives that would give planning and control to the local communities involved. He argues that only in this way can the vastly differing requirments of each community be addressed, and social and environmental issues can be dealt with properly. The book includes a discussion of macro planning theory, and offers three case studies of locally controlled projects that show clearly how communities developing a tourist trade can benefit from it.

Author Biography

Donald G. Reid is professor and former Director of the School of Rural Planning and Development, Faculty of Environmental Design and Development, University of Guelph, Canada.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	viii
Acknowledgements	ix
1 INTRODUCTION	1	(25)
Tourism and development	1	(16)
The organization of this book	17	(3)
The context of tourism planning	20	(6)
2 GLOBALIZATION AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT	26	(41)
Introduction	26	(1)
Corporate globalization and its effects on society	27	(11)
Globalization, sustainability and sustainable development	38	(5)
The new economy	43	(12)
Tourism as a system	55	(3)
Reasserting the community's role in the new economy	58	(9)
3 TOURISM AS A FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES	67	(35)
Introduction	67	(1)
The context for tourism development	67	(4)
The context of development studies	71	(4)
Development studies	75	(13)
Grass-roots implementation in developed and less developed countries	88	(14)
4 CONCEPTS OF TOURISM	102	(18)
Introduction	102	(1)
Defining tourism	102	(1)
Social-psychological definitions	103	(5)
Sociological definitions	108	(3)
Economic definitions	111	(1)
Community definitions	112	(3)
Ecological definitions	115	(5)
5 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT THEORIES AND THEIR RELATION TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT	120	(24)
Introduction	120	(1)
The need for theory in tourism development	121	(2)
The contribution of planning theory to tourism development	123	(8)
General organizational strategies	131	(7)
Community organization and leadership	138	(6)
6 THE NORMATIVE VIEW OF TOURISM PLANNING	144	(38)
Introduction	144	(1)
The planning framework	144	(4)
Research methods	148	(1)
Individual and community needs assessment	148	(5)
Economic, social and environmental research	153	(1)
Economic analysis	154	(8)
Physical resource inventory	162	(3)
Regulation and logistical analysis	165	(2)
Market analysis	167	(4)
Social and cultural impact analysis	171	(2)
Environmental analysis	173	(3)
The concept of carrying capacity	176	(3)
Geographical information systems	179	(1)
Tourism planner as social critic	180	(2)
7 CASE STUDIES IN TOURISM PLANNING	182	(42)
Introduction	182	(2)
Case study: Golden, BC, and Kicking Horse Mountain Resort	184	(12)
Introduction	184	(3)
The consultation	187	(3)
The tourism sector discussion	190	(4)
Critique of the Golden tourism planning process	194	(2)
Case study: Kenya	196	(13)
Kenya and its tourism product	196	(2)
The problems of Kenya and its tourism industry	198	(1)
The philosophy and approach of the KWS	199	(2)
Highlights of the KWS conceptual plan	201	(5)
Kimana	206	(2)
Critique of the KWS initiative	208	(1)
Case study: Bermuda	209	(10)
Tourism in Bermuda	211	(2)
Challenges to Bermuda's tourism industry	213	(1)
Strategic planning	214	(4)
Critique of the Bermudian plan	218	(1)
Analysis of the case studies	219	(5)
8 THE INTEGRATION OF TOURISM WITHIN GENERAL DEVELOPMENT	224	(13)
Introduction	224	(1)
The intricacies of tourism development	224	(6)
Criteria for tourism development	230	(5)
Building sustainable community tourism	235	(2)
Bibliography	237	(7)
Index	244