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TRANSPORTATION 4E

by COYLE/BARDI/NOVAK

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780314028532

ISBN10:

0314028536

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

12/27/1993

Publisher(s):

South-Western College Pub

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Summary

Transportation service isn't as simple as you think. TRANSPORTATION goes in-depth and explains the fundamental role that transportation plays in our society. By looking at both domestic and international transportation systems, as well as their legal issues, you'll get a thorough, easy-to-understand overview. Plus, TRANSPORTATION gives you the tools you need to succeed in this fast-paced and rapidly changing industry. In class or on the road, TRANSPORTATION gives you the edge.

Preface

PART ONE THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION

(129)

CHAPTER ONE Transportation and the Economy

(26)

Historical Significance

(1)

Economic Significance

(10)

Value of Goods

(1)

Utility of Goods

(2)

Transportation Patterns

(1)

Gross National Product

(4)

Environmental Significance

(2)

The Environment

(3)

Safety

Stop Off: "It's Not Easy Being Green"

(3)

Social Significance

(2)

Political Significance

(1)

Governmental Responsibility

(1)

Overview of Modern Transportation

(1)

Stop Off: Challenges and Opportunities

(1)

Overview of Transportation Trends

(1)

Summary

(2)

Case 1.1 Background

(2)

CHAPTER TWO Demand for Transportation

(21)

Demand Measurement Units

(1)

Level of Aggregation

(1)

Demand Elasticity

(1)

Freight Transportation

(5)

Derived Demand

(1)

Value of Service

(2)

Service Components of Freight Demand

(2)

Location of Economic Activity

(1)

Stop Off: Georgia-Pacific Unlocks Door to Doublestacks

(1)

Passenger Transportation

(4)

Business Travel

(1)

Vacation Travel

(1)

Personal Travel

(1)

Urban Transit

(1)

Passenger Demand Characteristics

(1)

Role of the Travel Agent

(1)

Summary

(2)

Case 2.1 Fly-By-Night Helicopter Service

(1)

Case 2.2 The Quiet Muffler Company

(2)

CHAPTER THREE Transportation Regulation

(54)

Regulation of Transportation

(8)

Nature of Regulation

(1)

Common Law

(1)

Role of the Interstate Commerce Commission

(1)

Role of the Courts

(3)

Safety Regulations

(1)

State Regulations

(1)

Stop Off: Major 1991 Transport Actions by Congress and Supreme Court

(1)

Development of Regulation

(17)

Introduction

(1)

Era of Initiation

(3)

Era of Positive Regulation

(2)

Era of Intermodal Regulation

(8)

The Birth of a New Era in Regulation

(3)

Deregulation

(8)

Airline Deregulation--The Airline Deregulation Act

(4)

Motor Carrier Deregulation--The Motor Carrier Act

(2)

Railroad Deregulation--The Staggers Rail Act

(2)

Interstate Commerce Commission

(1)

Antitrust Laws in Transportation

(2)

Recent Developments

(1)

Summary

(5)

APPENDIX I Department of Transportation

(4)

United States Coast Guard

(1)

Federal Aviation Administration

(1)

Federal Highway Administration

(1)

Federal Railroad Administration

(1)

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

(1)

Urban Mass Transit Administration

(1)

Maritime Administration

(1)

St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

(1)

Research and Special Programs Administration

(1)

Summary

(1)

APPENDIX II Summary of Motor and Rail Deregulation Acts

(4)

Summary of Provisions of the Staggers Rail Act

(4)

CHAPTER FOUR Transportation Policy

103

(27)

Why Do We Need A Transportation Policy?

104

(1)

Declaration of National Transportation Policy

105

(5)

Policy Interpretations

106

(2)

Who Establishes Policy?

108

(2)

Stop Off: Go Tell Your MPO

110

(2)

Public Promotion

112

(9)

Transportation Project Planning in the Public Sector

112

(3)

Air

115

(2)

Motor and Highway

117

(1)

Domestic Waterway Operations

118

(1)

International Water Carriage

119

(1)

Pipeline

120

(1)

Miscellaneous Forms of Promotion

120

(1)

Transportation Promotion in Perspective

121

(1)

User Charges

121

(1)

Nationalization

122

(1)

Transportation Safety

122

(2)

Future Transportation Policy Issues

124

(2)

Summary

126

(2)

Case 4.1 Quart Trucking

128

(1)

Case 4.2 The U.S. Airline Industry Financial Plight

129

(1)

PART TWO OVERVIEW OF CARRIER OPERATIONS

130

(176)

CHAPTER FIVE Motor Carriers

131

(30)

Brief History

132

(1)

Industry Overview

132

(8)

Significance

132

(1)

Types of Carriers

132

(3)

Number of Carriers

135

(4)

Market Structure

139

(1)

Stop Off: Grocery Distribution

140

(1)

Operating and Service Characteristics

141

(1)

General Service Characteristics

141

(1)

Equipment

142

(1)

Types of Vehicles

142

(1)

Terminals

143

(3)

Cost Structure

146

(5)

Fixed versus Variable Costs

146

(2)

Economies of Scale

148

(3)

Stop Off: Yellow Freight Looks to Asia

151

(1)

Current Issues

152

(3)

Safety

152

(1)

LTL Rates

153

(2)

Summary

155

(4)

Case 5.1 Jer Carrier Corporation

159

(1)

Case 5.2 Retirement Funds

160

(1)

CHAPTER SIX Railroads

161

(30)

Brief History

162

(1)

Market Structure

163

(4)

Number of Carriers

163

(1)

Competition

163

(4)

Service Operating Characteristics

167

(10)

General

167

(2)

Constraints

169

(1)

Strengths

169

(1)

Equipment

170

(3)

Service Innovations

173

(4)

Stop Off: The Short-Line Renaissance

177

(1)

Cost Structure

177

(4)

Fixed Costs

177

(1)

Semivariable Costs

178

(1)

Variable Costs

178

(2)

Economies of Scale

180

(1)

Financial Plight

181

(2)

Legislation Reform

182

(1)

Improved Service to Customers

182

(1)

Current Issues

183

(2)

Alcohol and Drug Abuse

183

(1)

Energy

183

(1)

Technology

184

(1)

Summary

185

(4)

Case 6.1 CBN Railway Company

189

(1)

Case 6.2 Neenah Railway Company

190

(1)

CHAPTER SEVEN Air Carriers

191

(24)

Brief History

192

(1)

Industry Overview and Significance

192

(1)

Types of Carriers

192

(2)

Private Carriers

192

(1)

For-Hire Carriers

193

(1)

Market Structure

194

(1)

Number of Carriers

194

(1)

Stop Off: The World Is Getting Smaller

195

(1)

Competition

196

(3)

Intermodal

196

(1)

Intramodal

196

(2)

Service Competition

198

(1)

Cargo Competition

198

(1)

Operating and Service Characteristics

199

(3)

General

199

(1)

Speed of Service

200

(1)

Length of Haul and Capacity

201

(1)

Accessibility and Dependability

201

(1)

Equipment

202

(1)

Types of Vehicles

202

(1)

Terminals

202

(1)

Cost Structure

203

(3)

Fixed versus Variable Cost Components

203

(1)

Fuel

204

(1)

Labor

204

(1)

Equipment

205

(1)

Economies of Scale

205

(1)

Rates

206

(1)

Pricing

206

(1)

Operating Efficiency

206

(1)

Stop Off: Automated Systems Gain Foothold

207

(1)

Current Issues

208

(1)

Safety

208

(1)

Technology

208

(1)

Summary

209

(4)

Case 7.1 PDQ Worldwide Express

213

(1)

Case 7.2 Fleet Express, Inc.

214

(1)

CHAPTER EIGHT Domestic Water Carriers

215

(25)

Brief History

216

(1)

Industry Overview

216

(1)

Significance of Water Transport

216

(1)

Types of Carriers

217

(1)

Market Structure

218

(5)

Number and Categories of Carriers

218

(5)

Competition

223

(1)

Operating and Service Characteristics

224

(3)

Commodities Hauled

224

(1)

Length of Haul

225

(1)

Load Size

226

(1)

Low-Cost Service

226

(1)

Speed of Service

226

(1)

Service Disruption

227

(1)

Other Characteristics

227

(1)

Equipment

227

(1)

Types of Vehicles

227

(1)

Stop Off: Rolling on the River

228

(1)

Terminals

229

(1)

Cost Structure

230

(4)

Fixed versus Variable Cost Components

230

(1)

Infrastructure

231

(1)

Labor

232

(1)

Fuel

233

(1)

Economies of Scale

233

(1)

Shipping Conferences

233

(1)

Current Issues

234

(1)

Drug and Alcohol Abuse

234

(1)

Port Development

234

(1)

Summary

235

(3)

Case 8.1 Port of Coast City

238

(1)

Case 8.2 Port of Riverdale

239

(1)

CHAPTER NINE Pipelines

240

(20)

Brief History

241

(1)

Industry Overview

241

(2)

Significance of Pipelines

241

(2)

Types of Carriers

243

(1)

Ownership

243

(1)

Market Structure

243

(2)

Number of Carriers

243

(1)

Oil Carriers

244

(1)

Natural Gas Carriers

244

(1)

Competition

245

(1)

Intramodal

245

(1)

Intermodal

245

(1)

Operating and Service Characteristics

245

(3)

Commodities Hauled

245

(2)

Relative Advantages

247

(1)

Relative Disadvantages

247

(1)

Equipment

248

(1)

Trunk and Gathering Lines

248

(1)

Stop Off: Caught Between the Republics

249

(3)

Commodity Movement

252

(1)

Procedures

252

(1)

Cost Structure

253

(1)

Fixed versus Variable Cost Components

253

(1)

Rates

253

(1)

Current Issues

254

(1)

Safety

254

(1)

Summary

254

(3)

Case 9.1 Bestway Pipeline

257

(1)

Case 9.2 BJS Pipeline Case

258

(2)

CHAPTER TEN Intermodal and Special Carriers

260

(21)

Intermodal Transportation

261

(3)

Piggyback

262

(2)

Containerization

264

(1)

Third-Party Transportation

264

(2)

Direct Delivery to Production Floor

266

(1)

Single Sourcing LTL

266

(1)

Special Carrier Forms

266

(7)

Surface Forwarders

267

(1)

Air Freight Forwarders

268

(1)

Freight Brokers

269

(1)

Shippers' Associations

270

(1)

Shippers' Agents and Consolidators

270

(1)

Owner-Operators

271

(1)

Express Services and Courier Services

272

(1)

Stop Off: Quiet Revolution in the Making

273

(1)

Household Good Industry

272

(4)

Shipment Process

274

(1)

Problems

275

(1)

Legislation

275

(1)

Summary

276

(2)

Case 10.1 Fast Forward Air Freight

278

(1)

Case 10.2 Fragle Van Lines

279

(2)

CHAPTER ELEVEN International Transportation

281

(25)

Extent and Magnitude of Trade

282

(1)

International Transportation Providers

283

(6)

Ocean Transportation

284

(1)

Air Carriers

285

(1)

Ancillary Services

286

(3)

Stop Off: The One-Minute World Tour for New Exporters

289

(1)

Rate Making in Foreign Transportation

290

(7)

International Air

290

(1)

Liner Rate Making

291

(4)

Tramp Ship Cost Rate Factors

295

(2)

International Transportation Problems, Issues, and Policies

297

(3)

Federal Maritime Commission Regulation of U.S. Ocean Rates

297

(1)

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and Foreign Trade Allocations

298

(1)

International Air Regulation

298

(2)

Role of Port Authorities in International Transportation

300

(1)

Future of International Transportation

300

(1)

Summary

301

(2)

Case 11.1 Natural Footwear Company

303

(1)

Case 11.2 Medical Supply Company

304

(2)

PART THREE CARRIER MANAGEMENT

306

(118)

CHAPTER TWELVE Costing and Pricing in Transportation

307

(51)

Market Considerations

308

(3)

Market Structure Models

309

(1)

Theory of Contestable Markets

309

(1)

Relevant Market Areas

310

(1)

Cost Concepts

311

(2)

Accounting Cost

311

(1)

Economic Cost

312

(1)

Social Cost

313

(1)

Analysis of Cost Structures

313

(6)

Rail Cost Structure

318

(1)

Motor Carrier Cost Structure

318

(1)

Other Carriers' Cost Structures

319

(1)

Cost-of-Service Pricing

319

(6)

Stop Off: National LTL Carriers Considering Mid-Summary Rate Hike to Fight Discounts

325

(1)

Value-of-Service Pricing

326

Pricing in Transportation Management

Factors Affecting Pricing Decisions

Major Pricing Decisions

335

(1)

Stop Off: "We Have Seen the Enemy"

336

(1)

Stop Off: How to Avoid a Price War

337

(5)

Establishing the Pricing Objective

338

(2)

Estimating Demand

340

(1)

Estimating Costs

340

(1)

Price Levels and Price Adjustments

341

(1)

Most Common Mistakes in Pricing

341

(1)

Summary

342

(3)

Case 12.1 Sunburn Trucking

345

(1)

Case 12.2 Startruck, Inc.

346

(2)

APPENDIX LTL and TL Costing Models

348

(1)

Introduction

348

(1)

Operational Activities

348

(1)

Cost/Service Elements

348

(1)

TL Costing

349

(3)

Shipment and Equipment Characteristics

349

(1)

Route and Time of Move

350

(1)

Cost Analysis

350

(2)

LTL Costing

352

(5)

Shipment and Equipment Characteristics

353

Equipment Cost Data

343

(11)

Route and Time of Movement

354

(1)

Cost Analysis

354

(3)

Conclusion

357

(1)

CHAPTER THIRTEEN Rate Making in Practice

358

(38)

General Rates

359

(9)

Class Rates

360

(6)

Exception Rates

366

(1)

Commodity Rates

366

(1)

Rate Systems under Deregulation

366

(2)

Special Rates

368

(6)

Character-of-Shipment Rates

368

(2)

Area, Location, or Route Rates

370

(1)

Time/Service Rate Structures

371

(1)

Other Rate Structures

372

(2)

Carrier/Shipper Negotiations

374

(3)

Negotiation Cost/Price Elements

374

(1)

Other Negotiating Factors

375

(2)

Negotiating Dangers

377

(1)

Stop Off: Long-term Contracts Lower Costs

377

(2)

Summary

379

(1)

Case 13.1 Future of Tariffs

380

(1)

Case 13.2 Boll Weevil, Inc.

381

(4)

APPENDIX The Negotiation Process

385

(1)

Shipper-Carrier Contract Negotiation

385

(11)

Introduction

385

(1)

Interorganizational Negotiation Defined

385

(1)

Negotiation Environmental Factors

386

(2)

Negotiation Potential

388

(1)

Negotiation Preparation

390

(2)

Bargaining

392

(1)

Negotiation Outcome

393

(1)

Conclusion

394

(2)

CHAPTER FOURTEEN Carrier Operations and Terminals

396

(28)

Techniques of Transportation Efficiency

397

(6)

Operations

397

(2)

Technology and Equipment

399

(2)

The Hub-and-Spoke Route System

401

(1)

Marketing

402

(1)

Stop Off: Roadway Studies Terminal Changes

403

(4)

Operations

407

(1)

Challenges Affecting Carrier Management

407

(2)

The Terminal: The Basic Transportation System Component

409

(7)

General Nature of Terminals

410

(1)

Terminal Ownership

410

(1)

Types of Terminals

411

(5)

Stop Off: Washington's Dulles Seeks Cargo Growth with Opening of Long-Delayed Terminal

416

(4)

Terminal Management Decisions

417

(3)

Summary

420

(2)

Case 14.1 Shiner International Transportation Company

422

(1)

Case 14.2 Golden Spike Railroad Company

422

(2)

PART FOUR PROCESSING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: USER PERSPECTIVE

424

(97)

CHAPTER FIFTEEN Business Logistics and Transportation Management

425

(35)

The 1980s: A Decade of Change

426

(2)

Stop Off: Freight Carriers' Technology Tune: We've Only Just Begun

428

(3)

The Logistics Concept

431

(2)

Total-Cost Analysis

433

(1)

Business Logistics Activities

434

(7)

Transportation and Traffic

435

(4)

Inventory Control

439

(1)

Packaging

439

(1)

Purchasing

440

(1)

Facility Location

440

(1)

Order Processing and Customer Service

440

(1)

Pricing

440

(1)

Transportation Strategy

441

(5)

General Strategy

441

(3)

Small Shipment Strategy

444

(1)

Bulk-Shipment Strategy

445

(1)

Inbound Transportation Strategy

445

(1)

Traffic Management

446

(8)

What Is Traffic Management?

446

(1)

Line Aspects of Traffic Management

447

(4)

Staff and Administrative Aspects of Traffic Management

451

(2)

Traffic Management Perspectives

453

(1)

Summary

454

(4)

Case 15.1 Dipix Corporation

458

(1)

Case 15.2 CLR Global Express

458

(2)

CHAPTER SIXTEEN Quality, Value, and Customer Satisfaction in Logistics

460

(35)

Introduction

461

(1)

Quality Perspectives

461

(1)

Quality Concepts

461

(1)

Stop Off: Quality and the Internal Customer

462

(8)

Quality and Control

463

(1)

Internal Quality Requirements--Culture

463

(5)

Internal Quality Requirements--Product

468

(2)

Stop Off: Spartan Express

470

(13)

Quality, Value, and Customer Satisfaction

483

(6)

Dimensions of Logistics Quality

483

(4)

Logistics Value

487

(1)

Customer Satisfaction and Attitude

487

(2)

Summary

489

(3)

Case 16.1 Soup to Nuts, Inc.

492

(1)

Case 16.2 Fifth Wheel Trucking

493

(2)

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Private Transportation

495

(26)

What Is Private Transportation?

496

(1)

Private Rail Transportation

496

(1)

Private Air Transportation

497

(1)

Private Water Transportation

498

(1)

Private Oil Pipeline Transportation

499

(1)

Private Trucking

499

(1)

Why Private Trucking?

499

(3)

Improved Service

500

(1)

Lower Cost

501

(1)

Disadvantages

501

(1)

Private Trucking Cost Analysis

502

(3)

Fixed Costs

502

(2)

Operating Costs

504

(1)

Stop Off: Mead Whittles Its Fleet for the Second Time

505

(2)

Equipment

507

(3)

Selection

507

(2)

Leasing

509

(1)

Fleet Operation and Control

510

(6)

Organizing the Private Fleet

510

(2)

Controlling the Private Fleet

512

(1)

Regulations

513

(3)

Summary

516

(2)

Case 17.1 Apex Soap Products

518

(1)

Case 17.2 Lackawanna, Inc.

519

(2)

PART FIVE THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

521

(24)

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Future Directions of Transportation

522

(23)

Strategic Variables

523

(5)

Economic

523

(1)

Social and Demographic

524

(1)

Energy

524

(1)

Environment

525

(1)

Regulation

525

(3)

Trends in Technology

528

(9)

Automobile Transportation

528

(1)

Bus Transportation

529

(1)

Truck Transportation

530

(1)

Rail Transportation

531

(1)

Air Transportation

532

(1)

Marine Transportation

533

(1)

Pipeline Transportation

534

(1)

Electronic Data Interchange

535

(2)

Stop Off: The Gospel of Green

537

(1)

Future Transportation Systems

537

(5)

Railroads

537

(1)

Motor Carriers

538

(1)

Air Carriers

539

(1)

Water Carriers

540

(1)

Pipelines

540

(1)

Multimodal Service

540

(2)

Summary

542

(3)

APPENDIX A: Equipment of Domestic Freight Transportation

545

(6)

APPENDIX B: Selected Transportation Publications

551

(2)

APPENDIX C: Transportation-Related Associations

553

(6)

Glossary

559

(10)

Author Index

569

(4)

Subject Index

573

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TRANSPORTATION 4E

9780314028532

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