Tru64 UNIX File System Administration Handbook

by Hancock

• ISBN13: 9781555582272
• ISBN10: 1555582273
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-12-19
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

This unique and authoritative book helps systems administrators and other technical professionals understand and master perhaps the most critical part of Tru64 UNIX: the file system by which the operating system stores and manipulates all of the information that enables both it and other applications to function. File system administration thus is one of the most important, complex, and time-consuming tasks Tru64 system administrators must perform. If Tru64 UNIX is an automobile engine, then the file system is the microprocessor that keeps all of the engine components working together efficiently, and this book explains how to manage, tune, and troubleshoot this processor. Steve Hancock is an ideal author for this book. As a file systems support engineer within Compaq's Tru64 UNIX group, he trains and consults with systems administrators and engineers within large corporations who are designing, managing, and troubleshooting Tru64 UNIX file systems. Tru64 UNIX File Systems Administration Handbook covers all of the newest and advanced Tru64 UNIX features, including Compaq's TruCluster technology, which enables organizations to grow their systems by integrating many individual computers. Complements Digital UNIX System Administrator's Guide by Cheek Only book dedicated to this topic, one vital to Tru64 UNIX system administrators Explains how to deploy Compaq's TruCluster clustering technology on Tru64 UNIX

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xv
List of Tables	xvii
Preface	xxi
Intended Audience	xxii
A Note on Versions	xxii
On the Tru64 UNIX Name	xxii
Conventions Used in this Book	xxiii
The Organization of this Book	xxiii
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Introduction	1	(48)
What is File Systems Administration?	1	(2)
Design	2	(1)
Management	2	(1)
Why a Book Dedicated to File Systems Administration?	3	(2)
Managing Growth	3	(1)
Optimization	4	(1)
Developing Good Practice	4	(1)
Definitions and Terminology	5	(3)
File System	5	(1)
File System Type	6	(1)
Root	7	(1)
Domain	7	(1)
Volume	8	(1)
Group	8	(1)
Organization of the Tru64 UNIX I/O Subsystem	8	(3)
UNIX File Types	11	(5)
Regular Files	12	(1)
Directories	12	(1)
Symbolic Links	12	(1)
Device Special Files	13	(1)
Named Pipes	14	(1)
Local Sockets	15	(1)
Some Useful UNIX Commands	16	(11)
Where Have My Blocks Gone?	16	(6)
File Statistics	22	(5)
Access Control Lists (ACLs)	27	(5)
Discretionary Access Algorithm	28	(1)
Examining a File's ACL	29	(1)
Setting an ACL on a File or Directory	30	(2)
Backups	32	(7)
Btcreate	32	(7)
Adding New File Systems to Your Environment	39	(8)
Mounting File Systems	40	(4)
Mounting File Systems at Boot Time	44	(2)
Unmounting File Systems	46	(1)
Summary	47	(2)
Storage and Device Management	49	(38)
Storage Systems Concepts	49	(6)
Disk Drive Terminology	50	(1)
Controller Technology	51	(1)
SCSI Bus Concepts	52	(2)
Caching Techniques	54	(1)
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)	55	(5)
RAID Terminology	55	(1)
RAID Levels	56	(3)
Hardware vs. Software RAID	59	(1)
Tru64 UNIX Device Management	60	(12)
Devices in Tru64 UNIX	61	(6)
Partition Table and Disk Label	67	(4)
Boot Process	71	(1)
Useful Storage Tools	72	(13)
The SCSI CAM Utility	73	(3)
Gathering I/O Statistics with iostat(8)	76	(1)
The disklablel(8) Command	77	(1)
The file(1) Command	78	(1)
The Device Special File Manager [dsfmgr(8)]	79	(3)
The Hardware Manager Utility [hwmgr(8)]	82	(3)
Summary	85	(2)
Logical Storage Manager	87	(68)
Logical Storage Manager Concepts	88	(13)
LSM Architecture	88	(7)
LSM Command Structure	95	(2)
Installing and Setting Up LSM	97	(4)
LSM Versions and History	101	(1)
Creating Logical Volumes	101	(18)
Concatenated Plex	102	(2)
Striped Plex	104	(6)
RAID 5 Plex	110	(1)
Creating Mirrored Volumes	111	(8)
Managing Logical Volumes	119	(23)
Gathering Information	119	(9)
Backing Up LSM Volumes	128	(6)
Growing and Shrinking LSM Volumes	134	(3)
Keeping an Eye on Things	137	(1)
Saving and Restoring LSM Configurations	138	(2)
Changing Volume and Plex Attributes	140	(1)
LSM Startup	141	(1)
Undocumented volprivutil(8) Tool	142	(7)
Tuning LSM	149	(5)
The volstat(8) Tool	149	(3)
Improving Mirror Synchronization Performance	152	(1)
Enhanced Round-Robin Scheduling	153	(1)
Summary	154	(1)
Tru64 UNIX File Systems Architecture	155	(52)
Introduction	155	(1)
The Virtual File System	156	(21)
The Virtual Node	156	(7)
Vnode Operations	163	(4)
The Mount Table	167	(7)
VFS Operations	174	(1)
VFS Tuning Parameters	175	(2)
The File System Caches	177	(12)
The Unified Buffer Cache	177	(6)
The File Name to Vnode Translation (namei) Cache	183	(4)
The Vnode Cache	187	(2)
The System Call Interface	189	(12)
Opening, Closing, and Creating Files	189	(6)
Removing Files	195	(2)
Gathering File Statistics	197	(3)
Reading and Writing Files	200	(1)
New Features of VFS	201	(4)
The Cluster File System	202	(1)
Leveling Cache Flush Performance	203	(2)
Summary	205	(2)
UNIX File System	207	(46)
Brief History of UFS	207	(2)
The Traditional UNIX File System	207	(1)
The Berkeley Fast File System	208	(1)
Layout of UFS On-Disk Structure	209	(8)
The Inode	209	(3)
Superblocks	212	(2)
Cylinder Groups	214	(1)
Fragments	215	(1)
Boot Blocks	216	(1)
In-Memory vs. On-Disk Structures	217	(1)
Tools and Techniques	217	(13)
Creating a New UNIX File System	218	(5)
Tuning the On-Disk Structure of a UNIX File System	223	(3)
Examining UFS On-Disk Structures	226	(4)
Detecting and Correcting Problems	230	(16)
The UFS Structure Checker	230	(2)
Miscellaneous File System Checker Tools	232	(3)
Removing a UFS File By Its Inode Number	235	(3)
The UFS Debugger	238	(4)
Improving UFS Performance	242	(4)
Backing Up and Restoring UFSs	246	(1)
The dump(8) and restore(8) Commands	247	(1)
The vdump(8) and vrestore(8) Commands	247	(1)
Quotas	247	(2)
How Quotas Work	248	(1)
Enabling Quotas	248	(1)
Setting Quotas	249	(1)
UFS Tuning Parameters	249	(1)
Memory-Based UFS	250	(1)
Summary	251	(2)
Advanced File System: The Basics	253	(72)
AdvFS Features and Concepts	253	(5)
File Domain and Fileset	254	(1)
Transaction Log	255	(1)
Extent-Based Allocation	256	(1)
Fragments	257	(1)
File Storage Allocation	257	(1)
Getting Started with AdvFS	258	(10)
Installing AdvFS	258	(1)
Setting Up an AdvFS	258	(6)
Removing an AdvFS	264	(4)
Managing Advanced File Systems	268	(34)
Getting Information About AdvFS	268	(8)
Backup and Restore	276	(9)
Managing Quotas	285	(1)
Working with /etc/fdmns	286	(4)
Additional AdvFS Tasks	290	(12)
Using AdvFS Advanced Utilities	302	(21)
Installing the Advanced Utilities	303	(1)
Managing AdvFS Volumes	303	(9)
Backups Revisited	312	(4)
Manging Trashcans	316	(3)
Defragmenting AdvFS Domains	319	(4)
Summary	323	(2)
Advanced File System: Advanced Topics	325	(70)
Troubleshooting	325	(18)
File Tags	326	(7)
Advfs_err(4) man page	333	(1)
AdvFS Metadata	334	(7)
AdvFS On-Disk Structure	341	(2)
Recovery	343	(23)
Domain Panics	343	(3)
Interpreting AdvFS I/O Errors	346	(2)
Detecting and Correcting AdvFS Corruption	348	(3)
Salvaging Corrupted AdvFS Domains	351	(4)
BMT Exhaustion	355	(11)
Tuning	366	(26)
Gathering AdvFS Statistics	366	(15)
AdvFS Tuning Parameters	381	(7)
The chvol(8) Command	388	(1)
File Striping	389	(1)
Log Placement	390	(1)
Use AdvFS Direct I/O to Speed Up Data Access	390	(1)
Defragmenting	391	(1)
Large Directory Speed Improvement	391	(1)
Summary	392	(3)
File Systems Configuration and Tuning	395	(12)
Configuring Tru64 UNIX File Systems for Performance	395	(2)
Usenet News/Mail Server	397	(2)
A Database Server	399	(2)
Internet or E-Commerce Server	401	(2)
Network File System Server	403	(2)
Summary	405	(2)
File System Troubleshooting and Recovery	407	(40)
Fixing a Corrupted AdvFS Directory	407	(5)
Detecting and Correcting Subtle AdvFS Metadata Corruption	412	(5)
Recovering a Medium-Complexity AdvFS and LSM Configuration	417	(5)
Troubleshooting and Correcting a Complex LSM Configuration	422	(18)
A Performance Improvement Case Involving AdvFS and LSM	440	(2)
Fsck Fails on a Large File System	442	(3)
Summary	445	(2)
Appendix A Freeware Tools	447	(4)
A.1 The Isof Utility	447	(1)
A.2 The monitor Utility	448	(1)
A.3 The vmubc Utility	448	(1)
A.4 The collect Utility	448	(1)
A.5 The top Utility	448	(1)
A.6 The recover Tool	449	(2)
Appendix B Advanced AdvFS Commands	451	(46)
B.1 Tag2name(8) Command	452	(1)
B.2 Metadata Examination Commands	452	(4)
B.2.1 The vfile(8) Command	453	(1)
B.2.2 The vbmtchain(8) Command	454	(2)
B.3 The ``Old'' Metadata Examination Commands	456	(3)
B.3.1 The vlogpg(8) Command	456	(3)
B.4 The vbmtpg(8) Command	459	(7)
B.4.1 The vfragpg(8) Command	462	(1)
B.4.2 The vtagpg(8) Command	463	(1)
B.4.3 The vlsnpg(8) Command	464	(1)
B.4.4 The shfragbf(8) Command	465	(1)
B.5 The ``New'' Metadata Examination Commands	466	(18)
B.5.1 The nvbmtpg(8) Command	468	(9)
B.5.2 The nvfragpg(8) Command	477	(1)
B.5.3 The nvlogpg(8) Command	478	(3)
B.5.4 The nvtagpg(8) Command	481	(1)
B.5.5 The vsbmpg(8) Command	482	(2)
B.5.6 The savemeta(8) Command	484	(1)
B.6 Undocumented Commands	484	(10)
B.6.1 The msfsck(8) Command	485	(5)
B.6.2 The vchkdir(8) Command	490	(1)
B.6.3 The vods(8) Command	491	(1)
B.6.4 The logread(8) Command	492	(2)
B.7 The shblk(8) Command	494	(3)
Appendix C The fsck(8) Command Operation	497	(8)
C.1 Data Structures and Concepts	497	(1)
C.2 Setup Phase: Check Superblock Consistency	498	(1)
C.3 Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes	499	(2)
C.4 Phase 2: Check Pathnames	501	(1)
C.5 Phase 3: Check Connectivity	502	(1)
C.6 Phase 4: Check Reference Counts	503	(1)
C.7 Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups	503	(1)
C.8 Phase 6: Salvage Cylinder Groups	504	(1)
Glossary	505	(14)
Bibliography	519	(2)
Index	521