Tsunamigenic Earthquakes and Their Consequences

by Dmowska, Renata; Saltzman, Barry

• ISBN13: 9780120188390
• ISBN10: 0120188392
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Serials

Summary

This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars. Volume 39 includes two articles detailing aspects of tsunamigenic earthquakes and their consequences.

Table of Contents

Contributors	ix
Heterogeneous Coupling along Alaska-Aleutians as Inferred from Tsunami, Seismic, and Geodetic Inversions
Jean M. Johnson
Introduction	1	(4)
Generation, Computation, and Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms	5	(23)
Generation, Propagation, and Observation of Tsunamis	5	(12)
Forward Computation of Tsunamis	17	(6)
Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms	23	(5)
The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake: A Critical Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Wave Inversions	28	(14)
Introduction	28	(1)
The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake	29	(3)
Tsunami Study	32	(5)
Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results	37	(5)
Conclusions	42	(1)
The 1957 Great Aleutian Earthquake	42	(14)
Introduction	42	(2)
Previous Seismic Studies	44	(1)
Tsunami Source Area	45	(2)
Tsunami Waveform Inversion	47	(6)
Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results	53	(1)
The 1986 Andreanof Islands Earthquake	53	(3)
Rupture Extent of the 1938 Alaskan Earthquake as Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms	56	(6)
Introduction	56	(1)
Previous Studies of the 1938 Earthquake	57	(1)
Tsunami Waveform Inversion	58	(4)
Conclusions	62	(1)
Estimation of Seismic Moment and Slip Distribution of the 1 April 1946 Aleutian Tsunami Earthquake	62	(20)
Introduction	62	(3)
Previous Seismic Analysis	65	(3)
Tsunami Analysis	68	(9)
Discussion	77	(2)
Seismic and Tsunami Hazards	79	(2)
Conclusions	81	(1)
The 1964 Prince William Sound Earthquake: Joint Inversion of Tsunami and Geodetic Data	82	(19)
Introduction	82	(2)
Previous Seismic Studies	84	(1)
Previous Geodetic Studies	84	(2)
Previous Tsunami Studies	86	(1)
Joint Inversion	87	(11)
Comparison with Previous Studies	98	(1)
Discussion	99	(2)
Conclusions	101	(16)
Appendix: Notes on the Tsunami Waveform Inversion Method	105	(5)
References	110	(7)
Local Tsunamis and Earthquake Source Parameters
Eric L. Geist
Introduction	117	(3)
Tsunami Theory	120	(13)
General Approaches	121	(2)
Coseismic Surface Deformation	123	(3)
Tsunami Propagation	126	(4)
Tsunami Run-up	130	(3)
Local versus Far-Field Tsunamis	133	(5)
Source Parameters Affecting Far-Field Tsunamis	133	(1)
Coseismic Displacement near a Coastline	134	(1)
Wave Evolution over the Source Area	135	(3)
Tectonic Setting of Tsunamigenic Earthquakes	138	(3)
Types of Subduction Zone Faulting	138	(1)
Nature of Rupture along the Interplate Thrust	139	(2)
Effect of Static Source Parameters on Tsunamis	141	(23)
Fault Geometry	145	(8)
Fault Slip	153	(2)
Slip Direction	155	(5)
Physical Properties	160	(4)
Summary of Static Source Parameter Effects	164	(1)
Effect of Spatial Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters	164	(11)
Slip Variations	165	(6)
Triggered and Compound Earthquakes	171	(4)
Effect of Temporal Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters	175	(7)
Rise Time	175	(3)
Rupture Velocity	178	(3)
Dynamic Overshoot of Vertical Displacements	181	(1)
Local Effects of Tsunami Earthquakes	182	(10)
Characteristics of Tsunami Earthquakes	184	(3)
Results from Broadband Analysis of Recent Tsunami Earthquakes	187	(2)
Mechanics of Shallow Thrust Faults Related to Local Tsunamis	189	(2)
Outstanding Problems	191	(1)
Case History: 1992 Nicaragua Earthquake and Tsunami	192	(3)
Geometric and Physical Parameters	192	(2)
Temporal Progression of Rupture	194	(1)
Magnitude and Distribution of Slip	194	(1)
Conclusions	195	(16)
Appendix	197	(1)
References	198	(13)
Index	211