Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing Devices

by Ishikawa, Hiroshi

• ISBN13: 9780470518205
• ISBN10: 0470518200
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-10-13
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

The introduction of ultrafast communication systems based on all-optical signal processing is considered to be one of the most promising ways to handle the rapidly increasing global communication traffic. These systems will enable real-time super high definition moving pictures such as high reality TV-conference, remote diagnosis and surgery, cinema entertainment and many other applications. The key issue to realize such systems is to develop ultrafast optical devices such as light sources, all-optical gates and wavelength converters.

Author Biography

Dr Hiroshi Ishikawa, Tsukuba, Japan
Dr Ishikawa is the Director of the Ultrafast Photonic Devices Laboratory in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. He worked for research and development of optical semiconductor devices in Fujitsu Labs Ltd from 1972 to 2001. In 2001 he moved to Femtosecond Technology Research Association Central Res. Lab. as a group leader of ultrafast all-optical switching devices. He is at AIST since 2004. He is a member of Japan Society of Applied Physics, The Physical Society of Japan, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, and IEEE (Fellow).

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Evolution of Optical Communication Systems and Device Technologies	p. 1
Increasing Communication Traffic and Power Consumption	p. 2
Future Networks and Technologies	p. 4
Future Networks	p. 4
Schemes for Huge Capacity Transmission	p. 5
Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing Devices	p. 6
Challenges	p. 6
Basics of the Nonlinear Optical Process	p. 7
Overview of the Devices and Their Concepts	p. 11
Summary	p. 13
References	p. 13
Light Sources	p. 15
Requirement for Light Sources	p. 15
Optical Short Pulse Source	p. 16
Optical Time Division Multiplexer	p. 19
Mode-locked Laser Diodes	p. 20
Active Mode Locking	p. 20
Passive Mode Locking	p. 23
Hybrid Mode Locking	p. 25
Optical Synchronous Mode Locking	p. 27
Application for Clock Extraction	p. 29
Electro-absorption Modulator Based Signal Source	p. 30
Overview of Electro-absorption Modulator	p. 30
Optical Short Pulse Generation Using EAM	p. 33
Optical Time Division Multiplexer Based on EAMs	p. 38
160-Gb/s Optical Signal Generation	p. 41
Detection of a 160-Gb/s OTDM Signal	p. 43
Transmission Issues	p. 46
Summary	p. 47
References	p. 47
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based Ultrafast Signal Processing Devices	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
Fundamentals of SOA	p. 53
SOA as an Ultrafast Nonlinear Medium	p. 56
Use of Ultrafast Response Component by Filtering	p. 57
Theoretical Background	p. 57
Signal Processing Using the Fast Response Component of SOA	p. 60
Symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) All-Optical Gate	p. 64
Fundamentals of the SMZ All-Optical Gate	p. 64
Technology of Integrating Optical Circuits for an SMZ All-Optical Gate	p. 67
Optical Demultiplexing	p. 68
Wavelength Conversion and Signal Regeneration	p. 73
Summary	p. 83
References	p. 83
Uni-traveling-carrier Photodiode (UTC-PD) and PD-EAM Optical Gate Integrating a UTC-PD and a Traveling Wave Electro-absorption Modulator	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Uni-traveling-carrier Photodiode (UTC-PD)	p. 91
Operation	p. 91
Fabrication and Characterization	p. 96
Characteristics of the UTC-PD	p. 98
Photo Receivers	p. 114
Concept of a New Opto-electronic Integrated Device	p. 117
Importance of High-output PDs	p. 117
Monolithic Digital OEIC	p. 118
Monolithic PD-EAM Optical Gate	p. 118
PD-EAM Optical Gate Integrating UTC-PD and TW-EAM	p. 119
Basic Structure	p. 119
Design	p. 120
Optical Gating Characteristics of PD-EAM	p. 123
Fabrication	p. 125
Gating Characteristics	p. 127
Applications for Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing	p. 131
Future Work	p. 143
Summary and Prospects	p. 147
References	p. 148
Intersub-band Transition All-Optical Gate Switches	p. 155
Operation Principle	p. 155
Transition Wavelength	p. 156
Matrix Element	p. 157
Saturable Absorption	p. 157
Absorption Recovery Time	p. 158
Dephasing Time and Spectral Linewidth	p. 160
Gate Operation in Waveguide Structure	p. 162
GaN/AlN ISBT Gate	p. 164
Absorption Spectra	p. 165
Saturation of Absorption in Waveguides	p. 168
Ultrafast Optical Gate	p. 170
(CdS/ZnSe)/BeTe ISBT Gate	p. 172
Growth of CdS/ZnSe/BeTe QWs and ISBT Absorption Spectra	p. 173
Waveguide Structure for a CdS/ZnSe/BeTe Gate	p. 177
Characteristics of a CdS/ZnSe/BeTe Gate	p. 181
InGaAs/AlAs/AlAsSb ISBT Gate	p. 183
Device Structure and its Fabrication	p. 183
Saturation Characteristics and Time Response	p. 184
Cross-phase Modulation in an InGaAs/AlAs/AlAsSb-based ISBT Gate	p. 186
Cross-phase Modulation Effect and its Mechanisms	p. 187
Application to Wavelength Conversion	p. 192
Summary	p. 195
References	p. 196
Wavelength Conversion Devices	p. 201
Introduction	p. 202
Wavelength Conversion Schemes	p. 202
Optical Gate Switch Type	p. 202
Coherent Type Conversion	p. 204
Physics of Four-wave Mixing in LDs or SOAs	p. 205
Model	p. 205
Asymmetrix X[superscript (3)] for Positive and Negative Detuning	p. 210
Symmetric X[superscript (3)] in Quantum Dot SOAs	p. 212
Wavelength Conversion of Short Pulses Using FWM in Semiconductor Devices	p. 214
Model	p. 214
The Effect of the Stop Band in DFB-LDs	p. 217
The Effect of the Depletion of Gain	p. 218
The Pulse Width Broadening in FWM Wavelength Conversion	p. 219
Experimental Results of Wavelength Conversion Using FWM in SOAs or LDs	p. 220
Wavelength Conversion of Short Pulses Using a DFB-LD	p. 220
Wavelength Conversion of 160-Gb/s OTDM Signal Using a Quantum Dot SOAs	p. 221
Format-free Wavelength Conversion	p. 222
Chromatic Dispersion Compensation of Optical Fibers Using FWM in DFB-LDs	p. 224
The Future View of Wavelength Conversion Using FWM	p. 225
Summary	p. 226
References	p. 226
Summary and Future Prospects	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
Transmission Experiments	p. 231
FESTA Experiments	p. 231
Test Bed Field Experiment	p. 235
Recent Transmission Experiments above 160-Gb/s	p. 236
Requirements on Devices and Prospects	p. 238
Devices Described in this Book	p. 238
Necessity for New Functionality Devices and Technology	p. 240
Summary	p. 241
References	p. 242
Index	p. 243
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