Ultra-Wideband Wireless Communications and Networks

by Shen, Xuemin; Guizani, Mohsen; Qiu, Robert Caiming; Le-Ngoc, Tho

• ISBN13: 9780470011447
• ISBN10: 0470011440
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 3/31/2006
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Learn about Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission - the most talked about application in wireless communications. UWB wireless communication is a revolutionary technology for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands with very low power for a short distance. This exciting new text covers the fundamental aspects of UWB wireless communications systems for short-range communications. It also focuses on more advanced information about networks and applications. Chapters include: Radio Propagation and Large Scale Variations, Pulse Propagation and Channel Modelling, MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) RF Subsystems and Ad Hoc Networks. Focuses on UWB wireless communications rather than UWB radar, which has been covered before. Provides long and short-term academic and technological value. Teaches readers the fundamentals, challenges and up-to-date technical processes in this field.

Author Biography

Professor Xuemin Shen works in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada. His research interests are Wireless/Internet interworking, Resource and mobility management, Voice over mobile IP, WiFi, WAP, Bluetooth, UWB wireless applications, ad hoc wireless networks.

Dr. Mohsen Guizani is Professor and Chair of the Department of Computer Science at Western Michigan university. Dr. Guizani's research interests include Computer Networks, Wireless Communications and Computing, Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, and Optical Networking. He is the founder and Editor-In-Chief of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Journal, published by John Wiley.

Professor Robert Caiming works in the Center for Manufacturing Research/Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Tennessee Technological University, USA. His research interests include Wireless communications and systems (3G, 4G, UWB), Radar/communications signal processing and Time-domain Electromagnetics.

Professor Tho Le-Ngoc works in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at McGill University. His research interests include Broadband Communications: Advanced Transmission, Multiple-Access and Dynamic Capacity Allocation Techniques.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	xi
Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(14)
Robert Caiming Qiu
Xuemin (Sherman) Shen
Mohsen Guizani
Tho Le-Ngoc
Fundamentals	1	(3)
Overview of UWB	1	(1)
History	2	(1)
Regulatory	2	(1)
Applications	2	(1)
Pulse- or Multicarrier-Based UWB	3	(1)
Isues Unique to UWB	4	(4)
Antennas	4	(1)
Propagation and Channel Model	4	(1)
Modulations	5	(1)
A/D Sampling	6	(1)
Timing Acquisition	7	(1)
Receiver Structures	7	(1)
Multiple Access	8	(1)
Emerging Technologies	8	(7)
Low-Complexity Noncoherent Receivers	8	(1)
Location-Based Sensor Networks	9	(1)
Time Reversal	9	(1)
MAC	10	(2)
Future Directions	12	(1)
References	13	(2)
Modulation and Signal Detection in UWB	15	(22)
Uzoma A. Onunkwo
Ye (Geoffrey) Li
Overview	15	(2)
Evolution and Definition	15	(1)
Major Differences from Narrowband and CDMA Systems	16	(1)
Types of UWB Modulation	16	(1)
UWB Applications	16	(1)
Single-Carrier-Based Modulation	17	(12)
Time-Hopping PPM	17	(4)
Other Types of Modulations	21	(2)
Channel Estimation	23	(4)
Signal Detection	27	(2)
OFDM-Based Modulation	29	(5)
Basic OFDM for UWB	29	(1)
Channel Estimation	30	(1)
Interference Suppression	31	(3)
Conclusion and Further Reading	34	(3)
References	34	(3)
UWB Pulse Propagation and Detection	37	(16)
Robert Caiming Qiu
Introduction	37	(1)
UWB Pulse Propagation	37	(2)
Generalized Multipath Model	37	(2)
IEEE 802.15.4a Channel Model	39	(1)
UWB Pulse Signal Detection	39	(14)
Optimum Receiver	39	(2)
Generalized RAKE Receiver	41	(3)
Optimum Receiver with Intersymbol Interference	44	(3)
Receiver with Time-Reversal Channel Impulse Response	47	(1)
Optimum Receiver with Multiuser Detection	48	(3)
References	51	(2)
Timing Synchronization for UWB Impulse Radios	53	(30)
Zhi Tian
Georgios B. Giannakis
Introduction	53	(2)
Signal Model	55	(2)
Signal Detection and Symbol-Level Acquisition	57	(2)
Analog Energy Detectors	57	(1)
Discrete-Time Energy Detectors	57	(2)
SAT and MAT: Templates with and without Timing	59	(1)
Coarse Synchronization Using Symbol-Rate Samples	60	(4)
Discrete-Time Correlator Output Model under Mistiming	61	(1)
CML Timing Synchronization	62	(1)
Analytic and Simulated Performance	62	(2)
Synchronization with Flexible Timing Resolution	64	(6)
Timing-Offset Search via Sample Mean Square	64	(2)
Timing-Offset Search via Cross-Correlation Mean Square	66	(2)
Comparative Study and Implementation Aspects	68	(2)
Timing Acquisition for Ad Hoc Multiple Access	70	(6)
Training-Based Multiuser TOE	70	(1)
Blind Synchronization for Multiuser Ad Hoc Access	71	(4)
TOE Performance Analysis	75	(1)
Demodulation and BER Sensitivity to Mistiming	76	(2)
Concluding Summary	78	(5)
References	79	(4)
Error Performance of Pulsed Ultra-wideband Systems in Indoor Environments	83	(20)
Huaping Liu
Introduction	83	(2)
System Model	85	(4)
Error Performance in Indoor Environments	89	(14)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation	90	(2)
Receiver with Self-Derived Template Waveforms	92	(3)
System with Multiple Antennas	95	(6)
References	101	(2)
Mixed-Signal Ultra-wideband Communications Receivers	103	(24)
Sebastian Hoyos
Brian M. Sadler
Introduction	103	(2)
Analog-to-Digital Conversion via Signal Expansion	105	(2)
Mixed-Signal Communication Receivers Based on A/D Conversion via Signal Expansion	107	(2)
Transmitted Signal and Channel Model	107	(1)
Digital Linear Receivers Based on ADC via Signal Expansion	107	(2)
Analog-to-Digital Conversion in the Frequency Domain	109	(2)
Frequency-Domain Mixed-Signal Receivers	111	(13)
Multicarrier Communication Systems Based on A/D Conversion in the Frequency Domain	111	(6)
Relationship to the Fourier Series Coefficients	117	(1)
Mixed-Signal Transmitted-Reference Receiver	118	(6)
Conclusion	124	(3)
References	125	(2)
Trends in Ultra-wideband Transceiver Design	127	(28)
Zhengyuan Xu
Introduction	127	(1)
Status of UWB Transceiver Design	128	(2)
Digital UWB Receivers	130	(6)
PPM-Based TH-UWB System Model	131	(1)
Channel Estimation Techniques	132	(1)
Design of Linear Receivers	333	(1)
Some Thoughts about Complexity Reduction	134	(1)
Finite Resolution Digital Receivers	135	(1)
Analog/Digital UWB Transceivers	136	(13)
Near Full-Rate TR Transceivers	136	(8)
Full-Rate TR Transceivers	144	(5)
Conclusions	149	(6)
Acknowledgments	149	(1)
References	149	(6)
UWB MAC and Ad Hoc Networks	155	(34)
Zihua Guo
Richard Yao
Introduction	155	(3)
Overview of IEEE 802.15.3 MAC	155	(2)
Overview of MBOA MAC	157	(1)
QoS Scheduling in PNC	158	(5)
Problem Definition	159	(1)
Deadline-Aware Scheduling Algorithm	160	(1)
Calculation of the Reserved CTA	161	(1)
Simulation Results	161	(2)
Power Management in IEEE 802.15.3	163	(5)
Problem Definition	164	(1)
Proposed Approach	165	(2)
Simulation Results	167	(1)
Adaptive Dly-ACK	168	(15)
Problem Definition	170	(2)
Adaptive Dly-ACK	172	(5)
Simulation Results	177	(6)
Ad Hoc Networks	183	(4)
Child Piconet	183	(1)
Independent Piconets	184	(3)
Summary	187	(2)
References	187	(2)
Radio Resource Management for Ultra-wideband Communications	189	(22)
Xuemin (Sherman) Shen
Weihua Zhuang
Hai Jiang
Jun Cai
Introduction	189	(2)
Radio Resource Management	191	(2)
Pulse-Based UWB Physical Layer Characteristics	191	(1)
Challenges and Opportunities	192	(1)
Multiple Access	193	(4)
Exclusive versus Concurrent Transmissions	193	(1)
Code Assignment	194	(2)
Interference Mitigation in TH-UWB	196	(1)
Overhead Reduction	197	(3)
ACK Mechanisms	198	(1)
Long Acquisition Time	199	(1)
Power/Rate Allocation	200	(6)
Power Allocation	200	(2)
Rate Guarantee	202	(1)
Rate Control	203	(2)
Cross-Layer Design	205	(1)
Conclusions	206	(5)
References	207	(4)
Pulsed UWB Interference to Narrowband Receivers	211	(40)
Jay E. Padgett
Introduction	211	(1)
Pulsed UWB Signal Model	212	(4)
Narrowband Receiver Model	216	(2)
Equivalent Receiver Model and Response to a Pulse	218	(2)
Response to a Pulse Sequence	220	(3)
Simulating the Response to a Pulse Sequence	223	(4)
I/Q Component Formulation	223	(1)
Simulation Parameters	224	(1)
Normalization	224	(1)
Example Filter Response: The n-Pole Filter	225	(2)
General Properties of the IF Output	227	(3)
Case 1: Pulse Rate Less than IF Bandwidth	227	(1)
Case 2: Pulse Rate Greater than IF Bandwidth	228	(2)
Power Spectral Density	230	(3)
Discrete PDF PSD Example: Equally Spaced, Equally Likely Time Offsets	233	(6)
Continuous PDF PSD Examples	239	(3)
The Poisson Process	239	(1)
Continuous PDF Uniform Random Pulse Position	240	(2)
Comparison of PSD and Simulation Results	242	(5)
Statistical Properties of the Output Envelope	247	(2)
Summary	249	(2)
References	250	(1)
Digital-Carrier Spreading Codes for Baseband UWB Multiaccess	251	(28)
Liuqing Yang
Georgios B. Giannakis
Introduction	251	(1)
Digital-Carrier Multiband User Codes	252	(3)
Baseband Single-Carrier UWB	252	(2)
Baseband Multicarrier UWB	254	(1)
Low Duty-Cycle Access in the Presence of NBI	255	(8)
General Rake Reception Model	255	(4)
SINR Analysis	259	(1)
Simulations and Numerical Results	260	(3)
Improved Rate Access in the Presence of Multipath	263	(10)
Rake Reception Model with IFI	263	(3)
Performance Comparisons	266	(7)
Simulated Examples	273	(1)
Multiuser Interference Mitigation	273	(3)
Summary	276	(3)
References	276	(3)
Localization	279	(26)
Kegen Yu
Harri Saarnisaari
Jean-Philippe Montitlet
Alberto Rabbachin
Ian Oppermann
Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu
Introduction	279	(1)
Time-of-Arrival Estimation	279	(7)
Estimation Accuracy	280	(1)
Energy-Collection-Based TOA Estimation	281	(1)
Two-Stage TOA Estimation	282	(4)
Simulation Results	286	(1)
Location and Tracking	286	(8)
Position Estimation	287	(5)
Tracking	292	(1)
Simulation Results	292	(2)
Location in Distributed Architectures	294	(3)
Overview	294	(1)
Proposed Algorithm	295	(1)
Simulation Results	296	(1)
Theoretical Positioning Accuracy	297	(4)
Analysis Tool	298	(1)
Hyperbolic Location Accuracy	299	(2)
Conclusions	301	(4)
Acknowledgment	301	(1)
References	301	(4)
Index	305