Understanding Art (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by Fichner-Rathus, Lois

• ISBN13: 9780534613624
• ISBN10: 0534613624
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-23
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

I. INTRODUCTION. 1. What is Art? II. THE LANGUAGE OF ART. 2. The Visual Elements. 3. Principles of Design. 4. Style, Form and Content. III. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA. 5. Drawing. 6. Painting. 7. Printmaking. 8. Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts. IV. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA. 9. Sculpture. 10. Architecture. 11. Craft and Design. V. ART THROUGH THE AGES. 12. The Art of the Ancients. 13. Classical Art: Greece and Rome. 14. Christian Art: From Catacombs to Cathedral. 15. The Renaissance. 16. The Age of Baroque. 17. Art Beyond the West. VI. ART IN MODERN AND POSTMODERN TIMES. 18. Modern Art. 19. The Twentieth Century: The Early Years. 20. Contemporary Art. Glossary. Index. Photo Credits.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction
1. What Is Art?	3	(22)
Art Creates Beauty	4	(1)
Art Enhances Our Environment	5	(3)
Art Reveals Truth	8	(1)
Art Immortalizes	9	(1)
Art Expresses Religious Beliefs	10	(1)
Art Expresses Fantasy	11	(2)
Art Stimulates the Intellect and Fires the Emotions	13	(1)
Art Creates Order and Harmony	13	(2)
Art Expresses Chaos	15	(1)
Art Records and Commemorates Experience	15	(3)
Art Reflects the Social and Cultural Context	18	(1)
Art Protests Injustice and Raises Social Consciousness	19	(2)
Art Elevates the Commonplace	21	(2)
Art Meets the Needs of the Artist	23	(2)
II. The Language of Art
2. Visual Elements of Art	25	(46)
Line	26	(9)
Characteristics of Line	26	(5)
Functions of Line	31	(4)
Shape, Volume, and Mass	35	(9)
Mass	37	(1)
Types of Shape	38	(6)
Light and Value	44	(4)
Chiaroscuro	46	(1)
Descriptive and Expressive Properties of Value	47	(1)
Color	48	(6)
Psychological Dimensions of Color: Hue, Value, Saturation	50	(1)
Complementary Versus Analogous Colors	50	(2)
Local Versus Optical Color	52	(2)
Texture	54	(4)
Actual Texture	55	(1)
Visual Texture	56	(1)
Subversive Texture	57	(1)
Space	58	(5)
Overlapping	58	(1)
Relative Size and Linear Perspective	59	(3)
Atmospheric Perspective	62	(1)
Time and Motion	63	(8)
Actual Motion	63	(1)
Implied Motion and Time	64	(2)
The Illusion of Motion	66	(5)
3. Principles of Design	71	(26)
Unity and Variety	72	(2)
Balance	74	(7)
Actual Balance and Pictorial Balance	75	(1)
Symmetrical Balance	76	(1)
Asymmetrical Balance	77	(1)
Horizontal, Vertical, and Radial Balance	78	(2)
Imbalance	80	(1)
Emphasis and Focal Point	81	(3)
Rhythm	84	(2)
Scale	86	(5)
Hierarchical Scaling	87	(2)
Distortion of Scale	89	(2)
Proportion	91	(6)
The Canon of Proportions: "Keeping Things in Proportion"	91	(1)
The Golden Mean	92	(2)
The Spiral	94	(3)
4. Style, Form, and Content	97	(16)
Style	98	(7)
Art, Culture, and Context	98	(4)
Realistic Art	102	(1)
Realistic Versus Representational Art	102	(1)
Expressionistic Art	102	(2)
Abstract Art	104	(1)
Form	105	(1)
Content	105	(8)
The Levels of Content	105	(5)
Iconography	110	(3)
III. Two-Dimensional Media
5. Drawing	113	(16)
Categories of Drawing	114	(1)
Drawing Materials	115	(11)
Dry Media	116	(6)
Fluid Media	122	(4)
Cartoons	126	(3)
6. Painting	129	(14)
Paint	130	(1)
Types of Painting	130	(10)
Fresco	130	(1)
Encaustic	131	(1)
Tempera	132	(1)
Oil	132	(4)
Acrylic	136	(2)
Watercolor	138	(1)
Spray Paint	139	(1)
Mixed Media	140	(3)
7. Printmaking	143	(14)
Methods of Printmaking	144	(1)
Relief	144	(2)
Woodcut	144	(1)
Wood Engraving	144	(2)
Intaglio	146	(6)
Engraving	146	(1)
Drypoint	147	(1)
Etching	148	(1)
Mezzotint and Aquatint	149	(2)
Other Etching Techniques	151	(1)
Lithography	152	(1)
Serigraphy	153	(1)
Monotype	154	(3)
8. Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts	157	(30)
Photography	158	(14)
Cameras	160	(1)
Film	161	(1)
Digital Photography	162	(1)
History of Photography	162	(10)
Cinematography	172	(8)
Varieties of Cinematographic Techniques	172	(5)
Varieties of Cinematographic Experience	177	(3)
Video	180	(3)
Digital Art	183	(4)
IV. Three-Dimensional Media
9. Sculpture	187	(22)
Sculpture	188	(1)
Subtractive and Additive Types of Sculpture	188	(5)
Carving	188	(1)
Modeling	189	(1)
Casting	189	(4)
Construction	193	(1)
Types of Materials	193	(5)
Stone Sculpture	193	(1)
Wood Sculpture	194	(2)
Clay Sculpture	196	(2)
Metal Sculpture	198	(1)
Modern and Contemporary Materials and Methods	198	(11)
Constructed Sculpture	198	(1)
Assemblage	199	(2)
Ready-lades	201	(1)
Mixed Media	201	(1)
Kinetic Sculpture	201	(1)
Light Sculpture	202	(1)
Earthworks	203	(2)
A Portfolio of More Recent Sculpture	205	(4)
10. Architecture	209	(24)
Stone Architecture	210	(5)
Post-and-Lintel Construction	211	(2)
Arches	213	(1)
Vaults	213	(1)
Domes	214	(1)
Wood Architecture	215	(2)
Post-and-Beam Construction	216	(1)
Trusses	216	(1)
Balloon Framing	216	(1)
Cast-Iron Architecture	217	(3)
Steel-Cage Architecture	220	(3)
Reinforced Concrete Architecture	223	(3)
Steel-Cable Architecture	226	(3)
Shell Architecture	229	(4)
11. Craft and Design	233	(28)
Ceramics	234	(6)
Methods of Working with Clay	234	(1)
The Potter's Wheel	235	(1)
Glazing	236	(2)
Types of Ceramics	238	(2)
Glass	240	(4)
Techniques of Working Glass	240	(1)
Examples of Glassware	241	(3)
Fiber Arts	244	(4)
Weaving	244	(4)
Basketry	248	(1)
Metalwork and Jewelry	248	(2)
Wood	250	(1)
Design	250	(11)
Graphic Design	250	(2)
Industrial Design	252	(1)
Web Design	253	(3)
Urban Design	256	(5)
V. Art Through the Ages
12. The Art of the Ancients	261	(26)
Prehistoric Art	262	(3)
Upper Paleolithic Art	262	(2)
Mesolithic Art	264	(1)
Neolithic Art	264	(1)
Art of the Ancient Near East	265	(5)
Sumer	265	(2)
Akkad	267	(1)
Babylonia	268	(1)
Assyria	268	(1)
Persia	269	(1)
Egyptian Art	270	(7)
Old Kingdom	270	(4)
Middle Kingdom	274	(1)
New Kingdom	274	(1)
The Amarna Revolution: The Reign of Akhenaton and Nefertiti	275	(2)
Aegean Art	277	(10)
The Cyclades	278	(1)
Crete	278	(3)
Mycenae	281	(6)
13. Classical Art: Greece and Rome	287	(32)
Greece	288	(17)
Geometric Period	288	(1)
Archaic Period	289	(6)
Early Classical Art	295	(1)
Classical Art	296	(4)
Late Classical Art	300	(4)
Hellenistic Art	304	(1)
The Etruscans	305	(1)
Rome	306	(13)
The Republican Period	306	(3)
The Early Empire	309	(4)
The Late Empire	313	(6)
14. Christian Art: From Catacombs to Cathedrals	319	(24)
Early Christian Art	320	(2)
The Period of Persecution	320	(1)
The Period of Recognition	321	(1)
Byzantine Art	322	(2)
San Vitale, Ravenna	322	(1)
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople	323	(1)
Later Byzantine Art	324	(1)
Early Medieval Art	324	(4)
Carolingian Art	326	(1)
Ottonian Art	327	(1)
Romanesque Art	328	(7)
Architecture	329	(3)
Sculpture	332	(1)
Manuscript Illumination	333	(2)
Tapestry	335	(1)
Gothic Art	335	(8)
Architecture	336	(4)
Sculpture	340	(3)
15. The Renaissance	343	(32)
The Renaissance	344	(1)
Fifteenth-Century Northern Painting	344	(5)
Flemish Painting: From Page to Panel	344	(4)
German Art	348	(1)
The Renaissance in Italy	349	(26)
The Early Renaissance	349	(1)
Cimabue and Giotto	349	(3)
The Renaissance Begins, and So Does the Competition	352	(3)
Renaissance Art at Midcentury and Beyond	355	(4)
The High Renaissance	359	(8)
High and Late Renaissance in Venice	367	(3)
High and Late Renaissance Outside of Italy	370	(1)
Mannerism	371	(4)
16. The Age of Baroque	375	(24)
The Baroque Period in Italy	376	(9)
St. Peter'd Cathedral	376	(1)
Baroque Period Artists	377	(8)
The Baroque Period Outside of Italy	385	(9)
Spain	385	(2)
Flanders	387	(1)
Holland	388	(4)
France	392	(2)
The Rococo	394	(5)
Rococo Period Artists	394	(5)
17. Art Beyond the West	399	(26)
African Art	400	(5)
Oceanic Art	405	(2)
Polynesia	406	(1)
Melanesia	406	(1)
Native Art of the Americas	407	(6)
Native Arts of Mexico	407	(4)
Native Arts of Peru	411	(1)
Native Arts of the United States and Canada	411	(2)
Islamic Art	413	(1)
Indian Art	414	(4)
Chinese Art	418	(2)
Japanese Art	420	(5)
VI. Art in Modern and Postmodern Times
18. Modern Art	425	(40)
Neoclassicism	426	(3)
Romanticism	429	(6)
Academic Art	434	(1)
Realism	435	(7)
Impressionism	442	(4)
Postimpressionism	446	(6)
Expressionism	452	(2)
American Expatriates	454	(2)
Americans in America	456	(3)
Art Nouveau	459	(1)
The Birth of Modern Sculpture	460	(5)
19. The Twentieth Century: The Early Years	465	(24)
The Fauves	466	(2)
Expressionism	468	(2)
Die Brücke (The Bridge)	468	(1)
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)	469	(1)
The New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit)	470	(1)
Cubism	470	(6)
Analytic Cubism	472	(1)
Synthetic Cubism	473	(2)
Cubist Sculpture	475	(1)
Futurism	476	(2)
Futurist Artists	476	(2)
Early Twentieth-Century Abstraction in the United States	478	(1)
291 Gallery	478	(1)
The Armory Show	479	(1)
Early Twentieth-Century Abstraction in Europe	479	(3)
Fantasy and Dada	482	(3)
Fantastic Art	482	(2)
Dada	484	(1)
Surrealism	485	(4)
20. Contemporary Art	489	(41)
Contemporary Art	490	(1)
Painting	490	(1)
The New York School The First Generation	490	(7)
Turning the Corner Toward an Abstract Expressionism	490	(2)
Focus on Gesture	492	(3)
Focus on the Color Field	495	(1)
Combined Gesture and Color-Field Painting	496	(1)
The New York School: The Second Generation	497	(2)
Color-Field Painting	498	(1)
Minimal Art	498	(1)
Figurative Painting	499	(1)
Figurative Painters	499	(1)
Pop Art	500	(3)
Photorealism	503	(1)
Op Art (Optical Painting)	504	(1)
New Image Painting	504	(2)
Pattern Painting	506	(1)
The Shaped Canvas	506	(1)
Neo-Expressionism	507	(2)
Sculpture	509	(9)
Sculpture at Mid-Twentieth Century	509	(1)
Contemporary Figurative Sculpture	510	(2)
Contemporary Abstract Sculpture	512	(6)
Feminist Art	518	(4)
Deconstructivist Architecture	522	(2)
A Portfolio of Art in the New Millennium	524	(6)
Glossary	530	(10)
Index	540