Understanding Human Behavior

by Milliken, Mary Elizabeth

• ISBN13: 9781401825713
• ISBN10: 1401825710
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-19
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

This text is designed to present basic psychological concepts in a format appropriate for all allied health learners. The book provides numerous examples and activities that help learners understand the behavior of others. It also includes exercises to encourage learners to study their own behavior.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
SECTION I ON BECOMING A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER	1	(48)
Unit 1 Challenges and Responsibilities of Health Care Providers	2	(22)
Satisfactions	3	(1)
Challenges	4	(2)
Responsibilities	6	(2)
Achievement as Progress	8	(3)
Attitudes and Interest	11	(1)
Empowerment	12	(2)
Making a Decision	14	(10)
Unit 2 The Philosophy of Individual Worth	24	(12)
Meaning of Individual Worth	25	(1)
The Health Care Provider and Cultural Bias	26	(3)
Implications for Health Care Providers	29	(1)
Practicing a Philosophy of Individual Worth	30	(6)
Unit 3 Striving for Self-Understanding	36	(13)
You, the Student	36	(2)
Taking a New Look at Yourself	38	(3)
You, a Person with Several Life Roles	41	(2)
Guidelines for Growth	43	(6)
SECTION II STRIVING TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR	49	(124)
Unit 4 Influences on Behavior	50	(22)
How People Are Alike	51	(1)
How People Are Different	51	(1)
Heredity	51	(3)
The Developmental Process	54	(2)
Environment	56	(3)
Influences on Development during Childhood	59	(3)
Changing Influences during Life	62	(3)
Assuming Responsibility for Behavior	65	(1)
The Health Care Provider and the Patient	66	(6)
Unit 5 Physical Needs	72	(13)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	73	(1)
Essential Physical Needs	73	(3)
The Sleep Cycle	76	(2)
Satisfaction of Physical Needs	78	(1)
Comfort and Safety Needs	78	(1)
Physical Needs and Behavior	79	(1)
Understanding Behavior in Terms of Physical Needs	80	(5)
Unit 6 The Need for Self-Approval	85	(21)
Social Needs of People	86	(2)
The Self-Concept	88	(4)
Self-Esteem	92	(1)
Influence of Others on One's Sense of Self	92	(3)
Effects of Success and Failure	95	(3)
Success	98	(2)
Striving for Self-Approval	100	(6)
Unit 7 The Need for Acceptance	106	(14)
The Importance of Acceptance	107	(1)
The Importance of Approval from Others	108	(2)
Conformity	110	(2)
The Need to Believe That Others Care	112	(1)
The Need for Appreciation	113	(2)
Gender Differences in Emotional Needs	115	(1)
Social Needs and Behavior	116	(1)
Behavior and the Health Care Provider	116	(4)
Unit 8 Emotions and Behavior	120	(34)
Meaning of Emotions	121	(1)
Importance of Emotions	122	(1)
Physiological Effects of Emotions	122	(2)
Stress	124	(3)
Positive Emotions	127	(3)
Negative Emotions	130	(4)
Formation of Emotional Patterns	134	(2)
Individual Differences in Emotional Patterns	136	(2)
Using Emotions Constructively	138	(6)
Emotions and Behavior	144	(10)
Unit 9 Adjustment and Patterns of Behavior	154	(19)
Good Adjustment	155	(1)
Poor Adjustment	155	(1)
Effective Behavior versus Ineffective Behavior	155	(2)
Emotions and Adjustment	157	(2)
Daily Hassles	159	(3)
Improving Adjustment	162	(11)
SECTION III BEHAVIOR AND PROBLEMS IN LIVING	173	(116)
Unit 10 Common Threats to Adjustment	174	(23)
Change as a Threat to Adjustment	175	(1)
Life Stages and Change	175	(4)
Social and Cultural Stessors	179	(5)
Major Changes	184	(4)
Chronic Stressors	188	(4)
Coping Skills and Resilience	192	(5)
Unit 11 Effects of Traumatic Events	197	(29)
What Is Trauma?	198	(1)
Traumatic Experiences	198	(11)
Domestic Violence	209	(7)
Reactions to Trauma	216	(4)
The Survivor Role	220	(1)
The Challenge	220	(6)
Unit 12 Defense Mechanisms	226	(29)
The Purpose of Defense Mechanisms	227	(1)
Rationalization	228	(1)
Projection	229	(2)
Displacement	231	(1)
Daydreaming	232	(2)
Escape into Illness	234	(2)
Repression	236	(1)
Withdrawal	237	(1)
Substance Dependency	238	(8)
Codependency	246	(1)
Defense Mechanisms and Adjustment	247	(8)
Unit 13 Inner Conflict	255	(16)
The Meaning of Inner Conflict	255	(3)
Types of Inner Conflict	258	(2)
How to Deal with Inner Conflict	260	(3)
Inner Conflict and Adjustment	263	(2)
Inner Conflict and the Health Care Provider	265	(1)
Inner Conflict and the Patient	265	(1)
Using Knowledge about Inner Conflict	266	(5)
Unit 14 Frustration	271	(18)
Degrees of Frustration	272	(1)
Cumulative Effects of Frustration	272	(1)
Sources of Frustration	273	(4)
Effects of Frustration	277	(1)
Frustration and Behavior Patterns	278	(2)
Perfectionism and Frustration	280	(1)
Coping with Frustration	281	(8)
SECTION IV BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER	289	(54)
Unit 15 Effects of Illness on Behavior	290	(17)
Physical Effects of Illness	291	(1)
Emotional Effects of Illness	291	(1)
General Effects of Serious Illness	292	(1)
Influences on Patients' Reactions to Illness	293	(5)
The Challenge for Health Care Providers	298	(9)
Unit 16 Coping with Patient Behavior	307	(21)
General Guidelines	308	(7)
Common Behavior Patterns of Patients	315	(13)
Unit 17 Human Relations and the Health Care Provider	328	(15)
Helping Patients Adjust to Illness	329	(4)
Becoming a Member of the Health Team	333	(5)
Practicing Effective Patient Relations	338	(1)
The Challenge	339	(4)
SECTION V PRACTICING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION	343	(26)
Unit 18 Observing Nonverbal Behavior	344	(12)
Observing and Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior	345	(4)
Setting the Stage for Practicing Interpersonal Skills	349	(1)
Exercise I: Observing Nonverbal Behavior	350	(1)
Exercise II: Observing and Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior	351	(5)
Unit 19 Verbal Communication	356	(13)
Ambiguity	358	(1)
Discrepancies in a Message	358	(2)
Tone	360	(1)
Effective Listening	360	(1)
Assumptions and Expectations	360	(1)
Improving Communication Skills	361	(1)
Exercise III: Using Tone to Alter the Meaning of a Statement	362	(2)
Exercise IV: Expressing Ideas and Listening Effectively	364	(1)
Opinion Statements to Serve as a Basis for Discussion	365	(1)
Class Challenge	365	(4)
SECTION VI COPING WITH LOSS	369	(86)
Unit 20 Gains and Losses throughout the Life Span	370	(24)
Life Changes as Gains and Losses	370	(1)
Learning to Cope with Loss	371	(1)
Significance of Loss	372	(1)
Losses Due to Death	373	(2)
Suicide	375	(3)
Death of a Parent	378	(2)
Losses in Specific Periods of the Life Span	380	(6)
Striving for Readjustment Following Significant Loss	386	(1)
Guidelines for Using Loss and Grief as a Growth Experience	387	(7)
Unit 21 Death: Changing Attitudes and Practices	394	(25)
The Emergence of Thanatology	398	(1)
The Meaning of Death	398	(2)
Death with Dignity	400	(1)
Euthanasia	400	(3)
Societal Issues Related to Care of the Dying	403	(3)
Legal Aspects of the Right to Die	406	(4)
A Dilemma for Health Care Providers	410	(3)
Summary	413	(6)
Unit 22 Grief and Bereavement	419	(17)
Reactions to Loss and Bereavement	420	(1)
Effects of Grief	421	(1)
Importance of the Grief Process	422	(1)
Influences on the Grief Process	423	(4)
Grief Work	427	(2)
Roles of Health Care Providers	429	(1)
Guidelines for Assisting the Family of a Dying Patient	429	(7)
Unit 23 Caring for the Dying Person	436	(19)
Reactions to Diagnosis of a Terminal Illness	436	(1)
Stages of Dying	437	(2)
Dying as a Growth Process	439	(3)
Personal and Family Issues Related to Care of the Dying	442	(1)
Palliative Care	443	(1)
Medical Issues Related to Care of the Dying	444	(2)
Issues Related to Rights of the Dying Person	446	(2)
Roles of Health Care Providers	448	(1)
Guidelines for Care of a Dying Person	449	(6)
SECTION VII TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE	455	(114)
Unit 24 Health Care through the Ages	457	(33)
Definitions	458	(1)
Innovations in Science and Health Care	458	(3)
Healing in Early Civilizations	461	(2)
Evolution of Modern Health Care	463	(6)
Beginnings of Holistic Medicine	469	(1)
Innovators and Modern Medicine	470	(6)
The Health Care System-Today and Tomorrow	476	(2)
Scientific Study of Complementary Therapies	478	(1)
Issues in Health Care	479	(11)
Unit 25 What Is Healing? Who Is the Healer?	490	(20)
Placebo Effect	491	(1)
The Immune System-Protector and Defender of the Body	491	(1)
The Mind/Body Healing System	492	(2)
Who Gets Sick? Who Gets Well?	494	(1)
The Power of Love	495	(1)
Healing versus Curing	496	(1)
Intention	497	(1)
Who Survives?	497	(2)
The Holistic Approach to Health Care	499	(5)
Future Health Care Systems	504	(6)
Unit 26 Broadening Your View of Health Care	510	(37)
What Is Legitimate Therapy?	511	(2)
Holistic Medicine	513	(4)
Psychoneuroimmunology	517	(1)
Energy Medicine	518	(1)
Osteopathy	518	(1)
Chiropractic	519	(1)
Naturopathy	520	(1)
Psychotherapy/Counseling	521	(1)
Homeopathy	522	(2)
Traditional Chinese Medicine	524	(4)
Ayurvedic Medicine	528	(2)
Complementary Therapies	530	(1)
Healing Touch	530	(4)
Acupuncture	534	(1)
Acupressure and Shiatsu	534	(1)
Reflexology	535	(3)
Therapeutic Massage	538	(2)
The Self-Help Trend	540	(2)
Role of the Health Care Provider	542	(5)
Unit 27 Managing Stress with Relaxation/Meditation	547	(22)
Stress Management	548	(1)
Mind-Talk as a Source of Stress	548	(1)
Mindfulness	549	(1)
Relaxation and Meditation	549	(5)
Relaxation Techniques	554	(6)
Meditation Methods	560	(4)
Using Positive Affirmations	564	(1)
Conclusion	564	(5)
Glossary	569	(13)
Index	582