Understanding Operating Systems

by FLYNN/MCIVER-MCHOES

• ISBN13: 9780534376666
• ISBN10: 0534376665
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-11-22
• Publisher: Course Technology

Summary

This fourth edition blends operating systems theory and practice in a well-organized way. Its innovative two-part approach explores operating systems theory and development in the first section, and discusses the four most widely-used operating systems (MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, and UNIX) in the second. Each chapter has been updated for currency, and a brand-new chapter on System Security has been added.

Table of Contents

Part One OPERATING SYSTEMS THEORY	1	(278)
Overview	2	(16)
Introduction	2	(1)
Operating System Software	3	(3)
Machine Hardware	6	(2)
Types of Operating Systems	8	(1)
Brief History of Operating Systems Development	9	(6)
1940s	10	(1)
1950s	10	(2)
1960s	12	(1)
1970s	13	(1)
1980s	14	(1)
1990s	15	(1)
Conclusion	15	(1)
Key Terms	16	(1)
Exercises	16	(2)
Memory Management, Early Systems	18	(27)
Single-User Contiguous Scheme	19	(1)
Fixed Partitions	20	(2)
Dynamic Partitions	22	(2)
Best-Fit versus First-Fit Allocation	24	(5)
Deallocation	29	(4)
Joining Two Free Blocks	30	(1)
Joining Three Free Blocks	31	(1)
Deallocating an Isolated Block	31	(2)
Relocatable Dynamic Partitions	33	(5)
Conclusion	38	(1)
Key Terms	39	(1)
Exercises	39	(6)
Memory Management, Recent Systems	45	(32)
Paged Memory Allocation	46	(6)
Demand Paging	52	(5)
Page Replacement Policies and Concepts	57	(7)
First-In, First-Out	57	(2)
Least Recently Used	59	(1)
The Mechanics of Paging	60	(2)
The Working Set	62	(2)
Segmented Memory Allocation	64	(3)
Segmented/Demand Paged Memory Allocation	67	(2)
Virtual Memory	69	(2)
Conclusion	71	(2)
Key Terms	73	(1)
Exercises	73	(4)
Processor Management	77	(26)
Job Scheduling Versus Process Scheduling	79	(1)
Process Scheduler	80	(5)
Job and Process Status	81	(1)
Process Control Blocks	82	(2)
PCBs and Queuing	84	(1)
Process Scheduling Policies	85	(1)
Process Scheduling Algorithms	86	(10)
First-Come, First-Served	86	(2)
Shortest Job Next	88	(1)
Priority Scheduling	89	(1)
Shortest Remaining Time	90	(2)
Round Robin	92	(2)
Multiple-Level Queues	94	(2)
Cache Memory	96	(1)
A Word about Interrupts	97	(1)
Conclusion	98	(1)
Key Terms	99	(1)
Exercises	100	(3)
Process Management	103	(26)
Deadlock	104	(18)
Seven Cases of Deadlock	104	(7)
Conditions for Deadlock	111	(1)
Modeling Deadlocks	112	(3)
Strategies for Handling Deadlocks	115	(7)
Starvation	122	(2)
Conclusion	124	(1)
Key Terms	124	(1)
Exercises	125	(4)
Concurrent Processes	129	(21)
What Is Parallel Processing?	130	(1)
Typical Multiprocessing Configurations	131	(3)
Master/Slave Configuration	131	(1)
Loosely Coupled Configuration	132	(1)
Symmetric Configuration	133	(1)
Process Synchronization Software	134	(4)
Test-and-Set	135	(1)
WAIT and SIGNAL	136	(1)
Semaphores	136	(2)
Process Cooperation	138	(3)
Producers and Consumers	138	(2)
Readers and Writers	140	(1)
Concurrent Programming	141	(5)
Applications of Concurrent Programming	142	(2)
Ada	144	(2)
Conclusion	146	(1)
Key Terms	147	(1)
Exercises	147	(3)
Device Management	150	(31)
System Devices	151	(1)
Sequential Access Storage Media	151	(3)
Direct Access Storage Devices	154	(8)
Fixed-Head DASDs	155	(1)
Movable-Head DASDs	155	(2)
Optical Disc Storage	157	(2)
Access Time Required	159	(3)
Components of the I/O Subsystem	162	(3)
Communication among Devices	165	(3)
Management of I/O Requests	168	(6)
Device Handler Seek Strategies	169	(3)
Search Strategies: Rotational Ordering	172	(2)
RAID	174	(2)
Conclusion	176	(1)
Key Terms	177	(1)
Exercises	178	(3)
File Management	181	(27)
The File Manager	181	(2)
Responsibilities of the File Manager	182	(1)
Definitions	183	(1)
Interacting with the File Manager	183	(6)
Typical Volume Configuration	184	(1)
About Subdirectories	185	(2)
File-Naming Conventions	187	(2)
File Organization	189	(3)
Record Format	189	(1)
Physical File Organization	190	(2)
Physical Storage Allocation	192	(5)
Contiguous Storage	192	(2)
Noncontiguous Storage	194	(1)
Indexed Storage	195	(2)
Data Compression	197	(1)
Access Methods	197	(3)
Sequential Access	198	(1)
Direct Access	199	(1)
Levels in a File Management System	200	(2)
Access Control Verification Module	202	(3)
Access Control Matrix	202	(1)
Access Control Lists	203	(1)
Capability Lists	204	(1)
Lockwords	204	(1)
Conclusion	205	(1)
Key Terms	205	(1)
Exercises	206	(2)
Network Organization Concepts	208	(27)
Basic Terminology	209	(1)
Network Topologies	210	(6)
Star	211	(1)
Ring	212	(1)
Bus	213	(1)
Tree	214	(1)
Hybrid	215	(1)
Network Types	216	(1)
Local Area Network	216	(1)
Metropolitan Area Network	216	(1)
Wide Area Network	217	(1)
Software Design Issues	217	(9)
Addressing Conventions	217	(1)
Routing Strategies	218	(2)
Connection Models	220	(3)
Conflict Resolution	223	(3)
Transport Protocol Standards	226	(6)
OSI Reference Model	227	(3)
TCP/IP Model	230	(2)
Conclusion	232	(1)
Key Terms	232	(1)
Exercises	232	(3)
Management of Network Functions	235	(23)
History	236	(1)
Comparison of Network and Distributed Operating Systems	236	(3)
DO/S Development	239	(13)
Memory Management	239	(1)
Process Management	240	(5)
Device Management	245	(2)
File Management	247	(3)
Network Management	250	(2)
NOS Development	252	(3)
Important NOS Features	253	(1)
Major NOS Functions	254	(1)
Conclusion	255	(1)
Key Terms	256	(1)
Exercises	256	(2)
System Management	258	(21)
Evaluating an Operating System	258	(1)
The Operating System's Components	259	(3)
System Security	262	(8)
Levels of Protection	262	(1)
Managing Systems	263	(2)
Security Breaches	265	(1)
System Assaults: Computer Viruses	266	(2)
Network and Internet Assaults	268	(1)
Ethics	268	(2)
Measuring System Performance	270	(4)
Measurement Tools	270	(3)
Feedback Loops	273	(1)
Monitoring	274	(1)
Accounting	274	(2)
Conclusion	276	(1)
Key Terms	276	(1)
Exercises	277	(2)
Part Two OPERATING SYSTEMS IN PRACTICE	279	(136)
MS-DOS Operating System	281	(21)
History	282	(1)
Design Goals	282	(3)
Memory Management	285	(3)
Main Memory Allocation	286	(1)
Memory Block Allocation	287	(1)
Processor Management	288	(2)
Process Management	288	(1)
Interrupt Handlers	289	(1)
Device Management	290	(1)
File Management	291	(5)
File Name Conventions	292	(1)
Managing Files	293	(3)
User Interface	296	(5)
Batch Files	297	(1)
Redirection	298	(1)
Filters	298	(1)
Pipes	299	(1)
Additional Commands	299	(2)
Conclusion	301	(1)
Windows 2000 Operating System	302	(31)
History	302	(3)
Design Goals	305	(3)
Extensibility	305	(1)
Portability	306	(1)
Reliability	306	(1)
Compatibility	307	(1)
Performance	308	(1)
Memory Management	308	(3)
User-Mode Features	308	(1)
Virtual Memory Implementation	309	(2)
Processor Management	311	(3)
Device Management	314	(6)
File Management	320	(3)
Network Management	323	(2)
Microsoft Networks	323	(2)
Directory Services	325	(1)
Security Management	325	(3)
Overview	326	(1)
Security Terminology	327	(1)
User Interface	328	(4)
Conclusion	332	(1)
UNIX Operating System	333	(33)
History	334	(3)
UNIX System V	336	(1)
A Word about Linux	336	(1)
Design Goals	337	(1)
A Word about Linux	338	(1)
Memory Management	338	(3)
A Word about Linux	341	(1)
Processor Management	341	(7)
Process Table versus User Table	342	(2)
Synchronization	344	(1)
fork, wait, and exec	344	(2)
A Word about Linux	346	(2)
Device Management	348	(2)
Device Drivers	348	(1)
Device Classifications	348	(2)
A Word about Linux	350	(1)
File Management	350	(7)
File Names	352	(1)
File Directories	353	(1)
Data Structures for Accessing Files	354	(2)
A Word about Linux	356	(1)
User Interface	357	(8)
A Word about Linux	364	(1)
Conclusion	365	(1)
OpenVMS Alpha Operating System	366	(21)
History	367	(2)
Design Goals	369	(1)
Memory Management	370	(3)
The Pager	371	(1)
The Swapper	372	(1)
Processor Management	373	(3)
Process Scheduler	373	(3)
The Rescheduler	376	(1)
Device Management	376	(2)
File Management	378	(3)
User Interface	381	(5)
Command Procedure Files	382	(1)
Redirection	382	(2)
Additional Commands	384	(2)
Conclusion	386	(1)
OS/390 Operating System	387	(28)
History	388	(2)
Design Goals	390	(1)
Memory Management	391	(7)
Virtual Storage Management	393	(4)
Organization of Storage	397	(1)
Processor Management	398	(2)
Task Management	399	(1)
Program Management	400	(1)
Device Management	400	(3)
DASD Space Management	400	(1)
I/O Supervisor	401	(2)
IOS Driver	403	(1)
Virtual I/O	403	(1)
File Management	403	(6)
Catalog Management	404	(1)
I/O Support	405	(1)
Access Methods	405	(3)
Space Allocation	408	(1)
Security Management	409	(1)
User Interface	409	(4)
JCL Introduction	410	(1)
Examples	411	(2)
Conclusion	413	(2)
Appendix A Command Translation Table	415	(2)
Appendix B Guide to IBM Acronyms	417	(2)
Appendix C Guide to Microsoft Acronyms	419	(2)
Appendix D Guide to Graphical User Interfaces	421	(4)
Appendix E ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct	425	(4)
Glossary	429	(26)
Bibliography	455	(4)
Index	459