Understanding and Using English Grammar

by Azar, Betty Schrampfer

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780139436147

ISBN10:

0139436146

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

2/1/1989

Publisher(s):

Pearson

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Summary

A classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced students of English, "Understanding and Using English Grammar" is a comprehensive reference grammar as well as a stimulating and teachable classroom text. While keeping the same basic approach and material as in earlier editions, the Third Edition more fully develops communicative and interactive language-learning activities. Some of the new features are: Numerous "real communication" opportunities More options for interactive work in pairs and groups Additional open-ended communicative tasks for both speaking and writing Expanded error analysis exercises Interesting and lively new exercise material Shorter units for easy class use The program components include the Student Book, Workbook, Chartbook, Teacher's Guide, and Companion Website. Also available: "Understanding and Using English Grammar Interactive "(a multimedia CD-ROM).

Preface to the second Edition

vii

Singular and plural

197

(41)

Final-s/-es

198

(3)

Irregular Plural Nouns

201

(1)

Possessive Nouns

202

(1)

Using Nouns as Modifiers

203

(1)

Count and Noncount Nouns

204

(1)

Noncount Nouns

205

(1)

Some Common Noncount Nouns

206

(4)

Expressions of Quantity

210

(2)

Using A Few and Few; A Little and Little

212

(2)

Using of in Expressions of Quantity

214

(2)

Singular Expressions of Quantity: One, Each, Every

216

(2)

Basic Subject-Verb Agreement

218

(2)

Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity

220

(1)

Subject-Verb Agreement: Using There + be

221

(1)

Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities

222

(4)

Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Nouns

226

(1)

Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns

226

(1)

Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns

227

(2)

Using Reflexive Pronouns

229

(2)

Using You and One As Impersonal Pronouns

231

(1)

Forms of Other

232

(6)

Adjective Clauses

238

(25)

Adjective Clauses: Introduction

238

(1)

Using Subject Pronouns: Who, which, that

238

(1)

Using Object Pronouns: Who(M), Which, That

239

(1)

Using Whose

240

(3)

Using Where

243

(1)

Using When

243

(6)

Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns

249

(1)

Punctuation of Adjective Clauses

250

(4)

Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clause

254

(1)

Using Noun + of Which

255

(1)

Using Which to Modify a whole Sentence

255

(2)

Reduction of Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases Introduction

257

(1)

Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase

257

(6)

Noun Clauses

263

(24)

Noun Clauses: Introduction

263

(1)

Noun Clauses Which Begin With a Question Word

264

(4)

Noun Clauses Which Begin with Whether or If

268

(1)

Question Words Followed by Infinitives

269

(1)

Noun Clauses Which Begin With That

270

(3)

Quoted Speech

273

(2)

Reported Speech and The Formal Sequence of Tenses in Noun Clauses

275

(7)

Using the Subjective in Noun Clauses

282

(2)

Using-Ever Words

284

(3)

Showing Relationships Between Ideas---Part I

287

(37)

Parallel Structure

287

(4)

Using Paired Conjunctions: Both And; Not Only But Also; Either or; Neither Nor

291

(3)

Combining Independent Clauses with Conjunctions

294

(3)

Adverb Clauses: Introduction

297

(1)

Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships

298

(5)

Using Adverb Clauses to show Cause and Effect Relationships

303

(2)

Using Prepositions to Show Cause and Effect: Because of and due to

305

(1)

Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: Therefore and Consequently

306

(2)

Summary of Patterns and Punctuation

308

(1)

Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Using such...That and So...That

309

(3)

Expressing Purpose: Using so That

312

(3)

Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Phrases: Introduction

315

(1)

Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Phrases

315

(2)

Expressing the Idea of ``During the Same'' Time in Modifying Phrases

317

(1)

Expressing Cause and Effect Relationships in Modifying Phrases

317

(3)

Using Upon + -Ing in Modifying Phrases

320

(4)

Showing Relationships Between Ideas---Part II

324

(23)

Expressing Unexpected Result: Using Even Though

324

(2)

Showing Opposition (Unexpected Result)

326

(2)

Showing Direct Opposition

328

(2)

Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: ``If Clauses''

330

(1)

Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether or Not and Even If

331

(1)

Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case (That) and in the Event (That)

332

(1)

Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Unless

333

(1)

Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If and Providing/Provided That

334

(2)

Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and or (Else)

336

(1)

Summary of Relationship Words: Cause and Effect, Opposition, Condition

337

(5)

Giving Examples

342

(2)

Continuing the Same Idea

344

(3)

Conditional Sentences

347

(19)

Summary of Basic Verb From Usage in Conditional Sentences

347

(1)

True in the Present or Future

347

(1)

Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present/Future

348

(1)

Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past

349

(4)

Using Progressive Verb Forms

353

(1)

Using ``Mixed Time'' in Conditional sentences

353

(1)

Using Could, Might, and Should

354

(1)

Omitting If

355

(1)

Implied Conditions

356

(6)

Verb Forms Following Wish

362

(2)

Using Would to Make Wishes About the Future

364

(2)

Using As If/As Though

366

Appendix 1 SUPPLEMENTAL GRAMMAR UNITS

Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology

A-1 Subjects, Verbs, and Objects

A-2 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

A-3 Adjectives

A-4 Adverbs

A-5 The Verb BE

A-6 Linking Verbs

A-7 Personal Pronouns

A-8 Contractions

Unit B: Questions

B-1 Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions

B-2 Question Words

A10

B-3 Negative Questions

A14

B-4 Tag Questions

A16

Unit C: Negatives

A18

C-1 Using Not and Other Negative Words

A18

C-2 Avoiding ``Double Negatives''

A19

C-3 Beginning A Sentence with a Negative Word

A19

Unit D: Articles

A20

D-1 Basic Article Usage

A20

D-2 General Guidelines for Article Usage

A21

Appendix 2 PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS

A24

Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs

A24

Phrasal Verbs (Two-Word and Three-Word Verbs)

A26

Appendix 3 GUIDE FOR CORRECTING WRITING ERRORS

A29

Index

Understanding and Using English Grammar

9780139436147

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Summary

Table of Contents