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Understanding and Using English Grammar
by Azar, Betty SchrampferEdition:
3rd
ISBN13:
9780132353366
ISBN10:
0132353369
Format:
Paperback
Pub. Date:
1/30/2007
Publisher(s):
Pearson ESL
List Price: $50.67
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Table of Contents
| Overview of Verb Tenses | |
| The Simple Tenses | |
| The Progressive Tenses | |
| The Perfect Tenses | |
| The Perfect Progressive Tenses | |
| Summary Chart of Verb Tenses | |
| Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms | |
| Present and Past, Simple and Progressive | |
| Simple Present | |
| Present Progressive | |
| Stative Verbs | |
| am/is/are being t+ Adjective | |
| Regular and Irregular Verbs | |
| Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings | |
| Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical List | |
| Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie | |
| Simple Past | |
| Past Progressive | |
| Using Progressive Verbs with always to Complain | |
| Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs | |
| PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES | |
| Present Perfect | |
| Present Perfect Progressive | |
| Past Perfect | |
| Past Perfect Progressive | |
| FUTURE TIME | |
| Simple Future: will and be going to | |
| will vs.be going to | |
| Expressing the Future in Time Clauses | |
| Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time | |
| Future Progressive | |
| Future Perfect | |
| Future Perfect Progressive | |
| Adverb Clauses Of Time and Review of Verb Tenses | |
| Adverb Clauses of Time: Form | |
| Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships | |
| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| Final -s/-es Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling | |
| Basic Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity | |
| Subject-Verb Agreement: Using there + be | |
| Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities | |
| Nouns | |
| Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns | |
| Possessive Nouns | |
| Using Nouns as Modifiers | |
| Count and Noncount Nouns | |
| Noncount Nouns | |
| Some Common Noncount Nouns | |
| Basic Article Usage | |
| General Guidelines For Article Usage | |
| Expressions of Quantity | |
| Using a few and few a little and little | |
| Using of in Expressions of Quantity | |
| all (of) and both (of) | |
| Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every | |
| Pronouns | |
| Personal Pronouns | |
| Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns | |
| Personal Pronouns: Agreement With Collective Nouns | |
| Reflexive Pronouns | |
| Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns | |
| Forms of other | |
| Common Expressions with other | |
| MODALS, Part 1 | |
| Introduction | |
| Polite Questions with I as the Subject | |
| Polite Questions with you as the Subject | |
| Polite Requests with would you mind | |
| Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to | |
| Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative | |
| Advisability: should, ought to, had better | |
| The Past Form of should | |
| Expectations: be supposed to | |
| Making Suggestions: let's, why don't, shall we | |
| Making Suggestions: could vs. should | |
| MODALS, Part 2 | |
| Degrees of Certainty: Present Time | |
| Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative | |
| Degrees of Certainty: Past Time | |
| Degrees of Certainty: Future Time | |
| Progressive Forms of Modals | |
| Ability: can and could | |
| Using would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past | |
| Expressing Preference: would rather | |
| Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals | |
| Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions | |
| The Passive | |
| Forming the Passive | |
| Using the Passive | |
| Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects | |
| The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals | |
| Stative Passive | |
| Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions | |
| The Passive with get | |
| Participial Adjectives | |
| Noun Clauses | |
| Introduction | |
| Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word | |
| Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if | |
| Question Words Followed by Infinitives | |
| Noun Clauses Beginning with that | |
| Quoted Speech | |
| Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses | |
| Using The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses | |
| Using -ever Words | |
| Adjective Clauses | |
| Introduction | |
| Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject | |
| Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb | |
| Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition | |
| Usual Patterns of Adjective Clauses | |
| Using whose | |
| Using where in Adjective Clauses | |
| Using when in Adjective Clauses | |
| Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns | |
| Punctuating Adjective Clauses | |
| Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses | |
| Using Noun + of which | |
| Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence | |
| Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction | |
| Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase | |
| Gerunds And Infinitives, Part 1 | |
| Gerunds: Introduction | |
| Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions | |
| Common Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds | |
| Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds | |
| go + Gerund | |
| Special Expressions Followed by -ing | |
| Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives | |
| Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds | |
| Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds | |
| Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives | |
| it + Infinitive Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects | |
| Gerunds and Infinitives, Part 2 | |
| Infinitive of Purpose: in order to | |
| Adjectives Followed by Infinitives | |
| Using Infinitives With too and enough | |
| Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds | |
| Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need | |
| Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund | |
| Using Verbs of Perception | |
| Using the Simple Form after let and help | |
| Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get | |
| Coordinating Conjunctions | |
| Parallel Structure | |
| Using Paired Conjunctions: both and not only but also either or neither nor | |
| Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions | |
| Adverb Clauses | |
| Introduction | |
| Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect | |
| Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using even though | |
| Showing Direct Contrast: while and whereas | |
| Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: if-Clauses | |
| Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if | |
| Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case and in the event that | |
| Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless | |
| Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if | |
| Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases | |
| Introduction | |
| Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases | |
| Expressing The Idea of "During The Same Time" in Modifying Adverbial Phrases | |
| Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases | |
| Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases | |
| Connectives that Express Cause and Effect, Contrast. and Condition | |
| Using because of and due to | |
| Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: therefore and consequently | |
| Summary of Patterns and Punctuation | |
| Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such . that and so . that | |
| Expressing Purpose: Using so that | |
| Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result) | |
| Showing Direct Contrast | |
| Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or (else) | |
| Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition | |
| Conditional Sentences and Wishes | |
| Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences | |
| True in the Present or Future | |
| Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future | |
| Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past | |
| Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences | |
| Using "Mixed Time" in Conditional Sentences | |
| Omitting if | |
| Implied Conditions | |
| Using as if / as though | |
| Verb Forms Following wish | |
| Using would to Make Wishes about the Future | |
| Appendix: Supplementary Grammar Units | |
| Basic Grammar Terminology | |
| Subjects, Verbs, and Objects | |
| Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases | |
| Adjectives | |
| Adverbs | |
| The Verb be | |
| Linking Verbs | |
| Questions | |
| Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions | |
| Question Words | |
| Shortened Yes/No Questions | |
| Negative Questions | |
| Tag Questions | |
| Contractions | |
| Negatives | |
| Using not and Other Negative Words | |
| D-2 | |
| D-3 | |
| Preposition Combinations | |
| Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs | |
| Connectives to Give Examples and to Continue an Idea | |
| Connectives to Give Examples | |
| Connectives to Continue the Same Idea | |
| Verb Form Review Exercises | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
