Vesuvius

by Dobran

• ISBN13: 9780444521040
• ISBN10: 0444521046
• Edition: Bilingual
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-13
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

VESUVIUS 2000 is an interdisciplinary project aimed at producing a safe and prosperous habitat for the people living around Vesuvius. To produce this environment requires an effective collaboration between the experts and the public, whereby the danger from the volcano is used to reorganize the territory and thus produce new opportunities for the people surrounding the volcano. As an all inclusive physico-mathematical-computer model of the volcano, the Global Volcanic Simulator is a key tool for determining the effects of different eruption scenarios and thus for urban planning of the territory. Unlike the evacuation plans which tend to manage emergencies, VESUVIUS 2000 aims at preparing the Vesuvius area to confront future eruptions with minimal socio-economic and cultural consequences. * Addresses volcanic risk mitigation in densely populated area surrounding Vesuvius * Provides education about volcanos * Displays physical modeling of eruption processes and integration of models

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xxi
Introduzione a VESUVIUS 2000	xxiii
Chapter 1 VESUVIUS 2000: Toward Security and Prosperity Under the Shadow of Vesuvius
F. Dobran
Abstract	3	(1)
Riassunto	4	(2)
1.1. Hostages of Vesuvius	6	(2)
1.2. The Vesuvius Area	8	(4)
1.3. Vesuvius Consciousness	12	(2)
1.4. Security Culture Barriers	14	(3)
1.5. Habits of Mind, Incommensurability, and Paradigms	17	(5)
1.5.1. Habits of Mind	17	(2)
1.5.2. Incommensurability	19	(1)
1.5.3. Paradigms	20	(2)
1.6. Risk, Risk Matrix, and Risk Communication	22	(4)
1.6.1. Risk	22	(1)
1.6.2. Risk Matrix	23	(2)
1.6.3. Risk Communication	25	(1)
1.7. Future Habitat for Vesuvians	26	(2)
1.7.1. The Choices	26	(1)
1.7.2. The Grand Challenge	26	(2)
1.8. VESUVIUS 2000	28	(14)
1.8.1. Overview	28	(1)
1.8.2. Principal Objectives	29	(3)
1.8.3. Physical Environment	32	(4)
1.8.3.1. Global Volcanic Simulator	32	(1)
1.8.3.2. Definition of Volcanic System	33	(1)
1.8.3.3. Systems Integration	34	(2)
1.8.4. Population	36	(4)
1.8.4.1. Sociology	36	(1)
1.8.4.2. Vulnerability	37	(2)
1.8.4.3. Economics	39	(1)
1.8.4.4. Education	40	(1)
1.8.5. Territory	40	(41)
1.8.5.1. Urban and Environmental Systems	41	(1)
1.8.5.2. Civil Protection	42	(1)
1.8.5.3. Risk-Assessment Guidelines	42	(1)
1.9. Conclusion	42	(1)
Notes	43	(21)
References	64	(9)
Chapter 2 Education: Cognitive Tools and Teaching Vesuvius
F. Dobran
Abstract	73	(1)
Riassunto	74	(3)
2.1. Introduction	77	(4)
2.2. Educational Ideas	81	(4)
2.2.1. Socialization	81	(2)
2.2.2. Platonic Education	83	(1)
2.2.3. Natural Education	83	(1)
2.2.4. Incompatibilities	84	(1)
2.3. Kinds of Understandings	85	(11)
2.3.1. The Beginnings	85	(1)
2.3.2. Mythic Understanding	86	(3)
2.3.3. Romantic Understanding	89	(1)
2.3.4. Philosophic Understanding	90	(5)
2.3.5. Ironic Understanding	95	(1)
2.4. Educational Methods	96	(6)
2.4.1. Old Methods	96	(1)
2.4.2. Progressivism	97	(1)
2.4.3. Vygotsky's Method	98	(1)
2.4.4. Primary School Education	99	(1)
2.4.5. Intermediate School Education	100	(1)
2.4.6. Secondary School Education	101	(1)
2.5. Teaching Vesuvius in Schools	102	(39)
2.5.1. Teaching Primary School Children	103	(5)
2.5.1.1. Methodology	103	(3)
2.5.1.2. Example 1: Heat	106	(1)
2.5.1.3. Example 2: Scuola Materna IV Circolo and Scuola Materna L. Bertelli, Portici	107	(1)
2.5.2. Teaching Intermediate School Children	108	(22)
2.5.2.1. Methodology	108	(4)
2.5.2.2. Example 1: Pliny the Elder and the Eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D.	112	(9)
2.5.2.3. Example 2: Scuola Media Statale Orazio Comes, Portici	121	(3)
2.5.2.4. Example 3: Istituto Comprensivo Statale Francesco d'Assisi, Torre del Greco	124	(3)
2.5.2.5. Example 4: Scuola Media Statale Rocco Scotellaro, Ercolano	127	(3)
2.5.3. Teaching Secondary School Children	130	(11)
2.5.3.1. Methodology	130	(4)
2.5.3.2. Example: Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Luigi Sturzo, Castellammare di Stabia	134	(7)
2.6. Education of Adults	141	(10)
2.6.1. Volcanic Risk Survey and GVES	141	(1)
2.6.2. MCE-GTV, Prometeo, Sportello Informativo sul Vesuvio	142	(3)
2.6.3. From Possible Cohabitation to Planned Participation	145	(2)
2.6.4. Technology Education	147	(87)
2.6.4.1. Technology	147	(1)
2.6.4.2. Technological Literacy	148	(2)
2.6.4.3. Educating for VESUVIUS 2000	150	(1)
2.7. Conclusion	151	(2)
Notes	153	(33)
References	186	(4)
Appendix: My journey...to Vesuvius (Il mio viaggio...al Vesuvio)	190	(29)
Chapter 3 Social and Economic Reality of Vesuvius Area
V. Di Donna
Abstract	219	(1)
Riassunto	219	(1)
3.1. Introduction	220	(1)
3.2. Geographic and Demographic Aspects of the Area	220	(6)
3.3. Education and Economic Reality of Population	226	(2)
3.4. Discussion	228	(4)
3.5. Conclusion	232	(1)
Notes	232	(1)
References	233	(1)
Appendix: La Realty Sociale ed Economica dell'Area Vesuviana	234	(12)
1. Introduzione	234	(1)
2. L'Area Geografica e Aspetti Demografici	234	(6)
3. Il Grado di Istruzione e la Realtd. Economica della Popolazione	240	(2)
4. Discussione	242	(3)
5. Conclusione	245	(1)
Note	246	(1)
Riferimenti	247	(2)
Chapter 4 Geophysical Precursors at Vesuvius from Historical and Archeological Sources
A. Marturano
Abstract	249	(1)
Riassunto	250	(1)
4.1. Introduction	250	(2)
4.2. Precursors of Major Historical Eruptions	252	(5)
4.2.1. Precursors of 79 A.D. Eruption	252	(3)
4.2.2. Precursors of 1631 Eruption	255	(2)
4.3. Earthquake of 9 October 1999	257	(3)
4.4. Conclusion	260	(1)
References	260	(5)
Chapter 5 Ballistics Shower During Plinian Scenario at Vesuvius
V. De Novellis and G. Luongo
Abstract	265	(1)
Riassunto	265	(1)
5.1. Introduction	266	(1)
5.2. Ballistics	267	(3)
5.3. Physical Properties of Samples	270	(6)
5.4. Discussion	276	(5)
5.5. Conclusion	281	(1)
References	282	(5)
Chapter 6 Shear-Wave Velocity Models and Seismic Sources in Campanian Volcanic Areas: Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields
M. Guidarelli, A. Zille, A. Saran, Natale, C. Nunziata and G.F. Panza
Abstract	287	(1)
Riassunto	288	(1)
6.1. Introduction	288	(3)
6.2. Shear-Wave Velocity Models	291	(5)
6.3. Seismic Source Studies in the Campanian Volcanic Area	296	(10)
6.3.1. Moment Tensor Waveform Inversion	296	(1)
6.3.2. Vesuvius' Intense Seismicity Episode (1999-2000)	297	(6)
6.3.3. Comparison of Seismic Sources at Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields	303	(3)
6.4. Conclusion	306	(1)
References	306	(5)
Chapter 7 Global Volcanic Simulation: Physical Modeling, Numerics, and Computer Implementation
F. Dobran and J.I. Ramos
Abstract	311	(1)
Riassunto	312	(1)
7.1. Introduction	313	(4)
7.2. Physical modeling	317	(19)
7.2.1. Products of Volcanic Eruptions	317	(3)
7.2.2. Plume Turbulence	320	(2)
7.2.3. Particulate Distributions	322	(3)
7.2.4. Eulerian Form of Material Transport Laws	325	(7)
7.2.5. Multiphase—Multicomponent Flows	332	(1)
7.2.6. Coarse—Particle Kinetic Equations	333	(1)
7.2.7. Additional Modeling Considerations	334	(2)
7.3. Numerics	336	(17)
7.3.1. Domain Decomposition at the Physical Level	337	(10)
7.3.1.1. Multiblock Strategy	339	(3)
7.3.1.2. Cartesian Methods	342	(1)
7.3.1.3. Mesh Near the Ground	343	(4)
7.3.2. Finite Volume Discretization of the Eulerian Equations	347	(2)
7.3.3. Discretization of the Lagrangian Equations	349	(1)
7.3.4. Verification	350	(3)
7.4. Computer Implementation	353	(9)
7.4.1. Parallel Krylov Subspace Methods	354	(5)
7.4.2. Ordering of Algebraic Equations	359	(1)
7.4.3. Matrix—Vector Products	359	(1)
7.4.4. Programming Paradigms	360	(1)
7.4.5. Computer Architectures	361	(1)
7.5. Conclusion	362	(2)
References	364	(9)
Contributors	373	(2)
Index	375