Acknowledgments | p. vii |
Introduction | p. 3 |
The Character of the Merchant Community | |
Social Structure and Recruitment | p. 11 |
Merchant Princes and Paupers | p. 20 |
Merchants, Artisans, and Gentlemen | p. 37 |
How to Become a Merchant | p. 45 |
Friends and Churchmen | p. 58 |
The Articulation of the Merchant Community | p. 70 |
Patterns of Commercial Specialization | p. 77 |
The Division between the Dry Goods and Provision Trades | p. 82 |
Suppliers and Distributors | p. 122 |
Mercantile Fortunes | p. 126 |
Enterprise and Adversity | p. 135 |
The Fabric of Adversity | p. 136 |
The Response to Adversity | p. 146 |
The Dynamics of Enterprise: An Overview | p. 157 |
The Revolution | |
Reluctant Revolutionaries | p. 167 |
The Economic Outlook, 1760-1775 | p. 168 |
The Logic of Moderation | p. 180 |
Religion and Politics | p. 185 |
Moderation Applied | p. 188 |
The Shock of War | p. 197 |
The Economics of Civil War | p. 199 |
The Four Phases of Commercial Disruption | p. 207 |
The Wartime Experience of the Merchants | p. 212 |
The Loyalists | p. 218 |
The Staff Officers | p. 223 |
The Fortune Builders | p. 236 |
The Immigrants | p. 242 |
The Federalist Reaction | p. 251 |
The Pennsylvania Revolution | p. 252 |
The Counterrevolution in Congress | p. 258 |
The Commercial Context of Constitutional Reform | p. 261 |
The Shaping of a Federalist Consensus | p. 267 |
Merchants and the Federalist Coup | p. 273 |
Merchants and Economic Diversification | |
The Entrepreneurial Efflorescence | p. 283 |
Commercial Innovation | p. 286 |
The Bank of North America | p. 296 |
Securities Speculation | p. 310 |
Land Speculation | p. 314 |
Manufacturing | p. 329 |
American Economic Development and the Case of Philadelphia | p. 335 |
Philadelphia and Her Competitors, 1780-1840 | p. 335 |
Planters and Merchants | p. 344 |
The Case of Virginia | p. 356 |
The Commercial World of Revolutionary Philadelphia | p. 365 |
Social Organization | p. 367 |
Shipping and Trade | p. 369 |
Mercantile Estates | p. 375 |
The Personal Property of Merchants | p. 378 |
Bibliography | p. 383 |
Quantifiable Records | p. 383 |
Manuscripts | p. 391 |
Doctoral Dissertations | p. 396 |
Index | p. 399 |
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