List of Figures | p. xi |
About the Author | p. xv |
Acknowledgements | p. xvi |
Preface: introducing the third edition of this book | p. xvii |
About the companion website | p. xxi |
Researching with Visual Materials: A Brief Survey | p. 1 |
An introductory survey of 'the visual' | p. 1 |
Understanding the social effects of visual materials | p. 11 |
Three criteria for a critical visual methodology | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 17 |
Further reading | p. 18 |
Towards a Critical Visual Methodology | p. 19 |
The three sites of production, the image itself and its audiencing | p. 19 |
The site of production | p. 20 |
The site of the image | p. 27 |
The site of audiencing | p. 30 |
Summary | p. 40 |
Further reading | p. 40 |
How to Use this Book | p. 41 |
Reading this book selectively on the basis of sites and modalities | p. 42 |
Reading this book selectively on the basis of having found some images | p. 43 |
Why you should also read books other than this one | p. 45 |
How each chapter works | p. 46 |
A quick word on finding your images | p. 47 |
Another quick word, on referencing and reproducing your images | p. 48 |
On the companion website | p. 50 |
The Good Eye': Looking at Pictures Using Compositional Interpretation | p. 51 |
Compositional interpretation: an introduction | p. 51 |
Doing compositional interpretation: technologies and the production of the image | p. 56 |
Doing compositional interpretation: the compositionality of the image itself | p. 58 |
Compositional interpretation: an assessment Summary | p. 79 |
Further reading | p. 79 |
On the companion website | p. 80 |
Content Analysis: Counting what you (Think You) See | p. 81 |
Content analysis: an introduction | p. 81 |
Four steps to content analysis | p. 87 |
Content analysis: an assessment | p. 101 |
Summary | p. 103 |
Further reading | p. 104 |
On the companion website | p. 104 |
Semiology: Laying Bare the Prejudices Beneath the Smooth Surface of the Beautiful | p. 105 |
Semiology: an introduction | p. 105 |
Choosing images for a semiological study | p. 109 |
The sign and its meaning-making processes in mainstream semiology | p. 112 |
Making meaning socially: social semiotics | p. 135 |
Semiology: an assessment | p. 143 |
Summary | p. 147 |
Further reading | p. 147 |
On the companion website | p. 148 |
Psychoanalysis: Visual Culture, Visual Pleasure, Visual Disruption | p. 149 |
Psychoanalysis and visuality: an introduction | p. 149 |
A longer introduction to psychoanalysis and visuality: subjectivity, sexuality and the unconscious | p. 152 |
How is sexual difference visual 1: watching movies with Laura Mulvey | p. 157 |
How is sexual difference visual 2: from the fetish to masquerade | p. 168 |
From the voyeuristic gaze to the Lacanian Gaze: other ways of seeing | p. 172 |
From the disciplines of subjection to the possibilities of fantasy | p. 177 |
Queer looks | p. 181 |
Reflexivity | p. 183 |
Psychoanalysis and visuality: an assessment | p. 185 |
Summary | p. 188 |
Further reading | p. 188 |
On the companion website | p. 188 |
Discourse Analysis I: Text, Intfrtextuality and Context | p. 189 |
Discourse and visual culture: an introduction | p. 189 |
An introduction to discourse analysis I and discourse analysis II | p. 192 |
Finding your sources for a discourse analysis I | p. 197 |
Discourse analysis I: the production and rhetorical organisation of discourse | p. 209 |
Discourse analysis I and reflexivity | p. 221 |
Discourse analysis I: an assessment | p. 224 |
Summary | p. 225 |
Further reading | p. 225 |
On the companion website | p. 226 |
Discourse Analysis II: Institutions and Ways of Seeing | p. 227 |
Another introduction to discourse and visual culture | p. 227 |
Finding your sources for discourse analysis II | p. 236 |
The apparatus of the gallery and the museum | p. 237 |
The technologies of the gallery and museum | p. 242 |
The visitor | p. 251 |
Discourse analysis II: an assessment | p. 257 |
Summary | p. 259 |
Further reading | p. 259 |
On the companion website | p. 260 |
To Audience Studies and Beyond: Ethnographies of Television Audiences, Fans and Users | p. 261 |
Audience studies: an introduction | p. 261 |
Audiences, fans and users | p. 267 |
Audience studies researching audiences and fans | p. 274 |
Ethnographies of visual objects | p. 283 |
Ethnographic studies of audiencing; an assessment | p. 291 |
Summary | p. 295 |
Further reading | p. 296 |
On the companion website | p. 296 |
Making Photographs as Part of a Research Project: Photo-Documentation, Photo-Elicitation and Photo-Essays | p. 297 |
Making photographs as part of a research project: an introduction | p. 297 |
Photo-documentation | p. 301 |
Photo-elicitation | p. 304 |
Photo-essays | p. 317 |
Making photographs as part of a research project: an assessment | p. 325 |
Summary | p. 326 |
Further reading | p. 327 |
On the companion website | p. 327 |
Ethics and Visual Research Methodologies | p. 328 |
An introduction to research ethics and visual materials | p. 328 |
Consent, anonymity, copyright | p. 331 |
Consent | p. 332 |
Anonymity | p. 337 |
Copyright | p. 339 |
Conclusions: ethics, visual research and contemporary visual culture | p. 340 |
Summary | p. 343 |
Further reading | p. 344 |
On the companion website | p. 344 |
Visual Methodologies: A Review | p. 345 |
Introduction | p. 345 |
Sites, modalities and methods | p. 345 |
Mixing methods | p. 349 |
Useful reading on various visual materials | p. 351 |
References | p. 354 |
List of key terms | p. 376 |
Name Index | p. 378 |
Subject Index | p. 380 |
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