Vowels and Consonants, 2nd Edition

by Peter Ladefoged (University of California, Los Angeles)

• ISBN13: 9781405124591
• ISBN10: 1405124598
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This superb introduction to phonetics describes how languages use a variety of different sounds, many of them quite unlike any that occur in well-known languages. Many of these sounds are reproduced on the accompanying CD.

Author Biography

Peter Ladefoged, UCLA Research Phonetician and Professor of Phonetics Emeritus, was Director of the UCLA Phonetics Laboratory from 1962 to 1991. He is author of numerous books, including A Course in Phonetics (fourth edition, 2001) and Phonetic Data Analysis (Blackwell, 2004).

Table of Contents

The Compact Disk	ix
Preface	xiii
A Note on the Second Edition	xiv
Acknowledgments	xv
The International Phonetic Alphabet	xvii
Sounds and Languages	1	(9)
Languages Come and Go	1	(3)
The Evolving Sounds of Languages	4	(1)
Language and Speech	5	(1)
Describing Speech Sounds	6	(3)
Summary	9	(1)
Pitch and Loudness	10	(16)
Tones	10	(3)
English Intonation	13	(7)
The Vocal Folds	20	(3)
Loudness Differences	23	(1)
Summary	24	(2)
Vowel Contrasts	26	(6)
Sets of Vowels and Standard Forms of a Language	26	(2)
English Vowels	28	(3)
Summary	31	(1)
The Sounds of Vowels	32	(8)
Acoustic Structure of Vowels	32	(4)
The Acoustic Vowel Space	36	(1)
Sound Spectrograms	37	(2)
Summary	39	(1)
Charting Vowels	40	(9)
Formants One and Two	40	(3)
Comparing English Vowels	43	(5)
Formant Three	48	(1)
Summary	48	(1)
The Sounds of Consonants	49	(14)
Consonant Contrasts	49	(1)
Stop Consonants	49	(5)
Approximants	54	(1)
Nasals	55	(1)
Fricatives	56	(5)
Summary	61	(2)
Acoustic Components of Speech	63	(6)
The Principal Acoustic Components	63	(2)
Synthesizing Speech	65	(3)
Summary	68	(1)
Talking Computers	69	(12)
Words and Sounds in Sentences	69	(4)
What is Said but Not Written	73	(2)
Synthesizing Sounds from a Phonetic Transcription	75	(5)
Summary	80	(1)
Listening Computers	81	(17)
Identifying Sounds	81	(5)
The Basis of Computer Speech Recognition	86	(2)
Special Context Speech Recognizers	88	(1)
Recognizing Running Speech	89	(4)
Different Accents and Different Voices	93	(2)
More for the Computationally Curious	95	(2)
Summary	97	(1)
How We Listen to Speech	98	(14)
Confusing Sounds	98	(5)
Typical Sounds	103	(4)
What Comes First	107	(2)
Finding Words	109	(1)
Summary	110	(1)
Further Reading and Sources	111	(1)
Making English Consonants	112	(9)
Acoustics and Articulations	112	(1)
The Vocal Organs	113	(2)
Places and Manners of Articulation	115	(2)
Describing Consonants	117	(3)
Summary	120	(1)
Making English Vowels	121	(12)
Movements of the Tongue and Lips for Vowels	121	(4)
Muscles Controlling the Tongue and Lips	125	(2)
Traditional Descriptions of Vowels	127	(5)
Summary	132	(1)
Actions of the Larynx	133	(21)
The Larynx	133	(2)
Voiced and Voiceless Sounds	135	(1)
Voicing and Aspiration	135	(4)
Glottal Stops	139	(1)
Breathy Voice	140	(3)
Creaky Voice	143	(3)
Further Differences in Vocal Fold Vibrations	146	(1)
Ejectives	147	(2)
Implosives	149	(1)
Recording Data on Larynx Actions	150	(3)
Summary	153	(1)
Consonants Around the World	154	(20)
Phonetic Fieldwork	154	(2)
Well-Known Consonants	156	(1)
More Places of Articulation	157	(8)
More Manners of Articulation	165	(5)
Clicks	170	(3)
Summary	173	(1)
Vowels Around the World	174	(11)
Types of Vowels	174	(2)
Lip Rounding	176	(4)
Nasalized Vowels	180	(2)
Voice Quality	182	(2)
Summary	184	(1)
Putting Vowels and Consonants Together	185	(14)
The Speed of Speech	185	(1)
Slips of the Tongue	186	(1)
The Alphabet	187	(4)
The International Phonetic Alphabet	191	(1)
Contrasting Sounds	192	(3)
Features that Matter within a Language	195	(3)
Summary	198	(1)
Glossary	199	(3)
Further Reading	202	(1)
Index	203